{"id":3447,"date":"2013-07-27T09:36:23","date_gmt":"2013-07-27T02:36:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3447"},"modified":"2013-07-27T09:36:23","modified_gmt":"2013-07-27T02:36:23","slug":"viec-lam-so-thuc-o-chau-phi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3447","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf. Y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i do C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111em l\u1ea1i. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eb1ng \u0111em t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd; cho d\u00f9 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u hay c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng \u1edf xa, mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Internet. Ngay c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u0169ng v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n hay l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh di \u0111\u1ed9ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u1eefng m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n tr\u1ea3 cao h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi khuy\u1ebft t\u1eadt v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m nom con c\u00e1i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cPh\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c. L\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u01a1 s\u01a1 n\u01a1i h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n (PC). H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc m\u1edf, t\u00ecm, truy l\u1ee5c th\u00f4ng tin, t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng, s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ec7p n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 l\u01b0u gi\u1eef ch\u00fang (2 tu\u1ea7n); h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n d\u00f9ng Visual Basic hay Java (4 tu\u1ea7n) v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed (2 tu\u1ea7n). R\u1ed3i h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh 4 tu\u1ea7n n\u1eefa trong \u201cTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed\u201d, n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed 100 m\u1eabu \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i. N\u1ebfu qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ee9c 1. Cho n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 trong ba th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c. Khi h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 theo hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c 2 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c 3. T\u1eebng m\u1ee9c s\u1ebd cho h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1edf m\u1ee9c 3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i sang \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam 3 th\u00e1ng n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee9c 1. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trong Visual Basic hay Java). Khi h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee9c 1, tu\u1ef3 theo hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00ean m\u1ee9c 2 v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c 3. T\u1eebng m\u1ee9c s\u1ebd cho h\u1ecd vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00eam. Khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee9c 2, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh di \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u01a1i h\u1ecd d\u00e0nh 2 tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Androids hay IOS, v\u00e0 th\u00eam 3 tu\u1ea7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 Object C hay Java (L\u01b0u \u00fd: H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft m\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng cho iPhone hay Android). N\u1ebfu qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Khi h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 (3 th\u00e1ng) hay c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u (4 th\u00e1ng) v\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1eed l\u00ed \u0111\u00ednh th\u1ebb \u1ea3nh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thao t\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. (L\u01b0u \u00fd: Nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG n\u00ean b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 CNTT \u0111i\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hay gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n.)<\/p>\n

Trong hai th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p. K\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n m\u1edbi t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT b\u1ecb chi ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1edbi v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m CNTT \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb $110 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la trong n\u0103m 2012. S\u1ed1 hai l\u00e0 Philippines v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng trung t\u00e2m g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb $25 -30 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la trong n\u0103m 2012. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 ba v\u1edbi qu\u00e3ng $18 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la n\u0103m 2012.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 B\u1eafc Kinh, Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i, Bangalore, Mumbai v.v… T\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1edbi t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 b\u1ea5t l\u1ee3i; nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh trung h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u00e2u xa. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n n\u00e0y s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay gia \u0111\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i t\u1edbi h\u1ecd. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o CNTT \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u v\u00e0 xa n\u00e0y. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n do c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u v\u00e0 xa.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec \u201cKho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho ch\u00e2u Phi s\u00e2u xa\u201d hay \u201ct\u1ea1o ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2010, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u00ecn t\u1edbi ch\u00e2u Phi nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp cho kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nh\u01b0ng t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh quan doanh nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh n\u00f3i: \u201cKH\u00d4NG th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111i \u0111\u00e2u, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 hai y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t: K\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 Chi ph\u00ed, v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai.\u201d So s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi nh\u01b0 Ghana, Kenya cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ee5 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 \u00edt h\u01a1n t\u1eeb 30% t\u1edbi 40%. Trong kinh doanh, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf l\u00f3n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh. Theo m\u1ed9t b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1edbi, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i t\u1edbi g\u1ea5p ba trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00e2u Phi ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y 4 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi 10 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m n\u0103m 2015 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5ng $65 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. Khi n\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c s\u00e2u v\u00e0 xa v\u00e0 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft con s\u1ed1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n h\u1ecd v\u00e0 con c\u00e1i h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 tin v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed1i ph\u00f3 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m l\u1ee3i cho c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p theo nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch. V\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, n\u00f4ng d\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o Internet \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh cho c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u xa c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp ph\u1ee5, c\u00e1c gia \u0111\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Digital Jobs in Africa<\/p>\n

Digital jobs can be initiated quickly to solve the unemployment problem and to contribute to economic growth. The key factor is having the right training to take advantage of the opportunities provide by Information technology (IT). Digital jobs can provide employment to many people by bringing the jobs to them; even they may live in rural areas or remote villages, as long as they have connection to the Internet. Even people who have limited education can still be trained with just a few months of trainings in basic testing or mobile programming. By gaining work experience in these entry-levels, they can progress and eventually qualify for better jobs with higher pay. Digital jobs can provide good opportunities to people with disabilities and women who may have to stay home to take care of children. Of course, to work in digital jobs, they need to have skills and competencies for effective functioning in the workplace.<\/p>\n

One of my students told me: \u201cMost people can be trained in a matter of few months to do digital jobs. In the beginning, they are taught basic computer skills where they learn how to use personal computer (PC). They must learn to open, search, retrieve information, download, modify certain files and document and save them. (2 weeks); they learn to write simple instructions using Visual Basic or Java (4 weeks) and test software (2 weeks). Then they spend another 4 weeks in \u201cTesting practicum\u201d, where they must test 100 application samples to identify and fix defects. If pass, they can begin to work in the industry as tester level 1. So in just three months of training, they can work in digital jobs. As they gain experience as testers, and depending on their performance on the job, they will get promoted to tester level 2 and level 3. Each level would give them an increase in salary.<\/p>\n

As testers level 3, they can go to another additional 3 months training to be a programmer level 1. (Note: They must write ten programs in Visual Basic or Java). As they gain experience as programmer level 1, depending on their performance on the job, they will get promoted to programmer level 2 and level 3. Each level would give them an increase in salary. When they get to programmer level 2, they could also take another additional training in mobile programming where they spend 2 weeks to learn about Androids or IOS, and another 3 weeks to learn Object C or Java (Note: They must write ten mobile applications for iPhone or Android). If pass the course, they can work as mobile programmer. As they gain more experiences they can take additional trainings in graphic design (3 months) or Database (4 months) and specialize as entry level Graphic designer supports, Image tagging Processor, Database processors, Database Operator. (Note: These are still considered basic skills for entry-level positions and should NOT be confused with other IT entry-level positions that require a college degree or better education.)<\/p>\n

Over the past two decades, many large companies have taken advantage of global connectivity to outsource information technology (IT) works to low-cost labor countries. Since then, digital works has become a new source of job creation in the interconnected world economy and has contributed to the economic growth of several countries. Currently the IT outsourcing industry is dominated by India with several million IT jobs created valued at $110 Billion dollars in 2012. The number two is the Philippines with Call Centers to answer customers\u2019 requests with over a million workers and valued at $25 -30 Billion dollars in 2012. China is ranked third with about $18 Billion dollars in 2012.<\/p>\n

Of course, the benefits of digital jobs have been good for these countries, but there is a difference between outsource to India, China and to African countries. Most IT workers in India and China have college educations and work in major cities like Beijing, Shanghai, Bangalore, Mumbai etc… In contrast, most Africa\u2019s IT outsourcing workers come from the disadvantages; many do not even complete high school and live in rural agriculture areas. Since these farmers will NOT leave their lands or their family behind for better jobs somewhere, they would benefit most by having the jobs come to them. And that is the result of government investment in special IT trainings in these rural areas. Without these trainings and supports, they would never be able to overcome poverty due to limited employment opportunities in rural areas.<\/p>\n

Since the \u201cOutsourcing to rural Africa\u201d or \u201cImpact sourcing\u201d was known to western countries in 2010, many large companies began to look to Africa as the next destination for their IT outsourcing. Some do that for their social concerns, but from the business perspective, it also makes sense. One top executive said: \u201cIt does NOT matter where to outsource, there are only two key factors: Skills and Costs, and Africa has both.\u201d Compare to the cost of doing business in India and China, African countries like Ghana, Kenya offer better deals with approximately 30% to 40% less. In business, this is a significant advantage that can change many executive\u2018s decisions. According to a new report, the growth potential of outsourcing in Africa is expected double or triple in the next few years. Today Africa only captures less than 4 percent of the global IT outsourcing market but it is expected to grow to 10 percent by 2015 totaling $65 Billion dollars. As it grows, it will create more jobs, more employment opportunities that benefit people in rural areas and helps solve the high number of unemployment of these countries.<\/p>\n

For Digital workers, having better incomes can change their lives with improving health, better education for themselves and their children. By being educated, they can make better decision for their future. By having good jobs, they can gain more confidence and are able to cope with other social changes. Digital jobs can benefit families and agricultural communities in many ways. With knowledge of information technology, farmers can access the Internet to get better information to make decision for their crops. By planting the right crops with better market values, they can improve their rural economy. By having extra incomes, families can make investments in better equipments, better methods, better seeds, and have the ability to contribute to the overall economy.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1ed1 th\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3447","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3447","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3447"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3447\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3449,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3447\/revisions\/3449"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3447"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3447"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3447"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}