{"id":3439,"date":"2013-07-25T22:11:58","date_gmt":"2013-07-25T15:11:58","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3439"},"modified":"2013-07-25T22:11:58","modified_gmt":"2013-07-25T15:11:58","slug":"cai-tien-giao-duc-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3439","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong khoa h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc (STEM).<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ch\u1eadm thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec t\u1eeb c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn h\u00e0n l\u00e2m ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p c\u1ea3. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean ghi danh v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y v\u1eabn th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u do v\u1eady t\u1ea1o ra thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 hai l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y: C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 M\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc T\u00e2y \u00c2u c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o STEM t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc; c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh STEM nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. D\u1ef1 b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi STEM \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng 20% t\u1edbi 28% trong th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 t\u1edbi, v\u1edbi \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc hay cao h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o STEM \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef c\u00f9ng nh\u1ecbp v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 do s\u1ef1 ch\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1 l\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi hay thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed an to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i. Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi hi v\u1ecdng k\u00edch th\u00edch c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00ec c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 “v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn” ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang. C\u1ea3 hai c\u00e1ch c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p cao nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ecfi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u: Vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra M\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn m\u1edf cho qu\u1ea7n ch\u00fang – Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean Internet cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc. Nh\u1eefng m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y nh\u1eafm gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t ph\u00ed g\u00ec. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u1ea7y h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean l\u1edbp, video, b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecdc, b\u00e0i t\u1eadp c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn n\u00e0o. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham d\u1ef1 trong di\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e0n tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean l\u1edbp. Ng\u00e0y nay, MOOC h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1edbp th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ngh\u00ecn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o, l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec, l\u00e0m sao l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, l\u00e0m v\u1edbi ai. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u MOOC kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p hay ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh: Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, nhi\u1ec1u quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f9ng ra tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd thu\u00ea h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p l\u00e0 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i “m\u1ea9u gi\u1ea5y” thay v\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c th\u1ef1c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m rung chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi nhi\u1ec1u sinh trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a MOOC kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef cho tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u1edf Stanford d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n Big Data trong MOOC b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u00f4ng \u1ea5y c\u00f3 tr\u00ean s\u00e1u ngh\u00ecn sinh vi\u00ean, qu\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n ba l\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cV\u1edbi MOOC ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n n\u00f3 r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y.\u201d<\/p>\n

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—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Improving education<\/p>\n

In this globalized world, to remain competitive a country must improve its education system by promoting advancement in science and technology. In order to create more jobs, its universities must develop more graduates with degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM).<\/p>\n

However, education systems are always slow to change because from the academic view there is no urgency. Although graduates with bachelor\u2019s degree in Information technology, engineering and mathematics are in high demand globally but the number of students enroll in these fields is still much lower thus create a critical shortage. An education analyst explained: \u201cThere are two opposing forces impacting this situation: Developed countries like the U.S and western European countries have good STEM training programs but NOT enough students; Developing countries like China and India have more students in STEM programs but their training have not kept up with current technology. Without improving their education systems, many countries will miss this opportunity to create more jobs and improve their economies. Current forecast indicates that STEM-related jobs are expected to grow 20% to 28% over the next decade, with the majority of those jobs requiring a college degree or higher. This is why improving college STEM trainings to keep up with current technology are essential.<\/p>\n

But improving education system is difficult due to the resistance to change from academic people because they do not see it as necessary. By bringing in new things or change the current way of university teaching may impact their secured positions so they often resist. For over ten years Chinese government has poured money into its state university system without any significant results. India government took a different approach by allowing more private universities to open with the hope to stimulate competition between state and private schools. The results were unexpected as \u201cfor profit\u201d private universities only issue degrees without proper training. Both improvements have resulted in high number of graduates without the skills needed to work in the industry.<\/p>\n

However, there is another option that could change the entire education system globally: The creation of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) from many top universities on the Internet for anyone who wants to learn. These courses aimed at educate a large number of students regardless where they come from and without any fees. The courses are taught by top faculty with class materials, video, readings, exercises just like any online courses. Students can participate in online forums to discuss with others on class materials. Today, MOOCs\u00a0attracts a large numbers of students from all over the world; some classes even have ten to fifty thousand students registered. Students can control where, what, how, with whom they work with. Although MOOC does not issue degrees or certificates because its purpose is on providing knowledge and skills but it solves one major issue: Develop skilled workers to meet industry\u2019s needs. Last month, several top executive jointly declared: \u201cWe will NOT look at degree as condition to hire but the skills of applicants. If they have the skills that we need, we will hire them. Today many degrees are worthless as students only pursue a \u201cpiece of paper\u201d instead of real knowledge that they can apply to their job.\u201d This declaration has shaken the traditional education system and makes many educators noticed.<\/p>\n

Currently many students in MOOC course are not the young people but also people who are currently working in the industry that want to improve their skills, and some university professors who want to keep their knowledge current with technology change. My friend, a Stanford professor who taught a Big Data course in MOOC told me that he had over six thousand students, about a third were university professors in developing countries who wanted to learn new technology. He said: \u201cWith MOOC we can educate the whole world and by implement it widely, we can help many workers become more productive and enable them to be competitive in this job market.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3439","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3439","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3439"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3441,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3439\/revisions\/3441"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}