{"id":3423,"date":"2013-07-23T21:06:40","date_gmt":"2013-07-23T14:06:40","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3423"},"modified":"2013-10-31T10:16:13","modified_gmt":"2013-10-31T03:16:13","slug":"tong-quan-ve-trinh-sat-doanh-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3423","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p – Business Intelligence (BI) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay. V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh cao \u0111\u1ed9, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi l\u00fac tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh n\u00e0y n\u01a1i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u1eebng ng\u00e0y v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0m cho ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 b\u00ean trong c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ti, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ch\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra th\u00f4ng tin cho quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh “c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn”. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u00e1n hay ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn \u0111\u01a1n mua h\u00e0ng theo kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, theo v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed, theo n\u01b0\u1edbc, theo th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, v\u00e0 theo ng\u00e0y. T\u1eeb nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin hay c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mua s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m l\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o h\u01a1n tr\u00ean ti vi, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed, b\u00e1o ch\u00ed chuy\u00ean h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o thanh ni\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1edbi t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n hay n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n th\u1ea5p, ho\u1eb7c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00fang, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i \u0111a l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao v\u00e0 dung l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1edbn, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u theo c\u00e1ch cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 “th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c”. C\u00e1ch ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n giao th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 \u201cb\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n-dashboard\u201d. M\u1ed9t dashboard l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u1ef1c quan c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3, \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o c\u00f3 t\u00f4 m\u1ea7u, hay b\u1ea3ng. Dashboard trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 X\u1eed l\u00ed ph\u00e2n t\u00edch tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn (OLAP) hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p cung c\u1ea5p n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c truy v\u1ea5n \u0111a chi\u1ec1u cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Dashboard cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed “t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c” th\u00f4ng tin cho nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 hay c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 trong “c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p” \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra n\u1ebfu gi\u00e1 b\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 5%? S\u1ed1 b\u00e1n c\u00f3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 cho l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? Hay v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m, gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng? C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 l\u00ean 5% c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t 10% s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n v\u00e0 g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00ec m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. 5% t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 th\u00eam s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho qu\u00e3ng 10% kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Hay n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 \u0111i 5%, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 b\u00e1n l\u00ean 20% v\u00ec m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111ang b\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng gi\u00e1 nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00e9m v\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mua nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hay d\u1eebng mua s\u1eafm khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u0103ng gi\u00e1ng nhi\u1ec1u qu\u00e1. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e2ng gi\u00e1 hay h\u1ea1 gi\u00e1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u cho h\u1ecd v\u1ecb th\u1ebf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n khi gi\u00e1 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i mua nhi\u1ec1u, c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef ch\u00fang cho s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00ec gi\u00e1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean do bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n ti\u1ec1n c\u1ea5p t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c do s\u1ed1 h\u1ea1n m\u1ee9c t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi c\u00f3 Trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u01b0\u1eddng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tr\u1ef1c gi\u00e1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay \u0111o\u00e1n ph\u1ecfng ch\u1eebng. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m, v\u1eadn may, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y nay g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cao m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng tin trong v\u00e0i ph\u00fat. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c thu th\u1eadp v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u0103ng nhanh tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Business Intelligence Overview<\/p>\n

Business Intelligence (BI) is one of the fastest growing Information Technology (IT) fields today. With globalization and highly competitive market, every company needs more information analysis than ever before. In this fast changing world where the economy varies each day with so many ups and downs, having the right information to make the right decision to meet market needs is a significant competitive factor.<\/p>\n

With information technology, company can collect data from both inside as well as outside of the company, analyzes them to create information for management\u2019s decision. For example, product sales data is collected and organized into \u201cviews\u201d. Sales or marketing managers can view purchase orders by customer, by geographic region, by country, by market, and by date. From these information or views, they can make the right decision. If most customers who buy the product are young, managers can order more advertises in TV, magazines, newspapers that exclusively focus on young people to increase sales. If most customers came from a particular region or country than they can focus more advertises on that market. If a region has low sales, either they can increase the amount of advertises or shut down stores in that area to reduce costs. By having the right information, a company can reduce costs, increase revenues and maximize profits.<\/p>\n

Today with high speed computers and large storage capacity, business intelligence tools can analyze and utilize data in such a way that allows manager to make quick decisions in almost \u201creal time\u201d. The most popular way to deliver this information to manager is a \u201cdashboard\u201d. A dashboard is a visual representation of the data, often in the form of charts, colored metrics, or tables. The common business intelligence dashboard is On-Line Analytical Processing (OLAP) or a method of providing multi-dimensional query capability to the managers. The dashboard allows management to “reorganize” the information to multiple levels to answer specific question. For example, a manager may change certain numbers or factors in a \u201cbusiness formula\u201d to help him to make decision on sales. Based on existing market information, he may want to know what will happen if the sale price is reduced by 5%? Would the sale increases and give better profit? Or since many people like the product, should the price be increased to get more profit? The Business Intelligence tools collect external data, calculate these factors and let him know that if increase the price by 5% the company may lose 10% of the sale and have difficulty to compete because all competitors have lower prices. A 5% more would make about 10% of customers to change their minds. Or it will let him knows that by reduce the price by 5%, the company may be able to increase sales by 20% because one of the competitors has its product is selling at the same price but much more inferior and lower quality.<\/p>\n

By colleting external market data, Business Intelligence tools will let managers know about the market trends of certain raw materials so they can buy more or stop purchasing when the market fluctuates so much. With business analytics tools, managers can make decision to raise price or reduce price accordingly that give them the best market position possible. For example when raw material price go below certain level, the company must buy more, store them for future use as the price may go up due to some future events. By collecting customers\u2019 financial data, it can warn managers about certain customers that have exceeded their credit limit allowance or may not be able to pay due to their credit rating.<\/p>\n

Before Business Intelligence and Information Technology, managers often made decisions based on their intuition or guesses. Sometime it worked, sometime not and business decision is mostly based on experiences, luck, and other personal factors. Today almost all important decisions are made based on facts and data using complex algorithms and high speed information systems that can process million of information in minutes. Of course, all of these data collection and analytics depend on the knowledge and skills of information technology workers who build these systems and the demand for these people is increasing fast all over the world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p – Business Intelligence (BI) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t ng\u00e0y nay. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,36,26],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3423","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin","category-social-media-mobility-big-data-analytics-and-cloud-computing","category-xu-huong-cong-nghe"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3423","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3423"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3423\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3425,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3423\/revisions\/3425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3423"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3423"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3423"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}