{"id":3420,"date":"2013-07-23T13:28:52","date_gmt":"2013-07-23T06:28:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3420"},"modified":"2013-07-23T13:28:52","modified_gmt":"2013-07-23T06:28:52","slug":"nghe-nghiep-va-viec-lam-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3420","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc blog c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng em v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft em mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec hay em n\u00ean ch\u1ecdn h\u1ecdc l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o? Xin th\u1ea7y gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

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\u0110\u00e1p: L\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian N\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00ec b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn \u0111ang tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Tuy nhi\u00ean v\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1eafp v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u1ecd sang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kia ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a t\u00ecm ra b\u1ea1n th\u00edch g\u00ec. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111i tr\u00ean cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0i, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chuy\u1ebfn \u0111i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.\u00a0Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n, trong khi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n th\u00edch th\u00fa l\u00e0m trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 gia \u0111\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 ng\u1ee5 \u00fd gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. V\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c thu\u1ed9c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 hai m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. S\u1ebd kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111i du l\u1ecbch, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft n\u01a1i b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111i hay \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng khi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch. M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c; b\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u01a1 hay \u1ea3o t\u01b0\u1edfng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00ec b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n vi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n th\u00edch g\u00ec. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 ba \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 th\u00edch khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f2n tr\u1ebb, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i 16? Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc ti\u1ec3u thuy\u1ebft, ch\u01a1i videogames, hay \u0111i du l\u1ecbch t\u1edbi ch\u1ed7 m\u1edbi v.v. R\u1ed3i ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi ba \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra gi\u1eefa tu\u1ed5i 16 v\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd. Ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hay tham gia v\u00e0o ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb thi\u1ec7n. T\u1eeb s\u00e1u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n: \u201cNh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 g\u00ec chung? C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1? C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n th\u00edch nh\u1ea5t? C\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u1ebf trong m\u1ecdi bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea1n? D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.\u00a0L\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n th\u0103m d\u00f2 mi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u1edbp nh\u1ea5t.\u00a0T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e0 n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. C\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm quy\u1ec1n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1eb1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, b\u1ea1n b\u00e8, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng nghi\u1ec7p v.v. Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u00e0o l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

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—English version—<\/p>\n

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Career and Job<\/p>\n

A first year student write to me: \u201cI have read your blogs about career planning but I still do not know what I want to do or what field to study that I should select? Please help.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Answer: As a young people, knowing what you really want to do with your life takes time. It is a discovering process as you are still maturing. However as you are going to college, you must set a direction for your study. You should not waste time by switch from one field to another until you find what you like. Just like a person goes on a long journey, you need roadmap and guidances before starting your trip.<\/p>\n

The first thing you need is to understand the difference between a career and a job.\u00a0A job is just something that you do to get paid, while a career is something that you enjoy doing for a long time which allows you to support yourself and your family. A job often does not require an extensive education but a career always requires more education, and today it means a college education. For a career, you must use your knowledge and skills to work in area of your interests. Given this simple definition, you should know which is important to you.<\/p>\n

The second thing that you need is to set a goal for your career. It would be difficult to find a career direction if you do not know your goals. If you travel, you must know where do you want to go or the destination. The same thing applies when building a career, you need to have goals. The goals have to be something practical and achievable; else they are just a dream or an illusion. For example, if your goals are to be a professional software developer, have good job, be able to support a family, and contribute to your society then you already start the first step.<\/p>\n

Although you wrote that you do not know what to do but you probably know what you like. You may start by think of three things that you really like when you were young, before you reach the age of 16? They might be reading novels, playing videogames, or traveling to a new place etc. Then think of three things that happened between the age of 16 and now. They could be things like passing college entrance examination, meeting people, or involving in a charity activity. From these six things, ask yourself: \u201cWhat do these things have in common? What are the similarities? What are things that you like the most? What made them so special among all of the other events from your life? Based on your own interests, you can determine what field you like to work in.\u00a0As student, you need to explore the wide range of fields to choose which one would fit best.\u00a0Of course, in life, you make the necessary adjustments as things change and your preference changes.<\/p>\n

Remember that a career does not end once you get a job but it is a life-long effort. Getting a job is only the beginning, you must take control of your career by continued to improve your knowledge and skills. You may need to seek advice from managers, friends, and colleagues etc. But only you can decide what careers and choices are best for you.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecdc blog c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng em v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3420","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3420"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3420\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3422,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3420\/revisions\/3422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}