{"id":3414,"date":"2013-07-22T07:56:33","date_gmt":"2013-07-22T00:56:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3414"},"modified":"2013-07-22T07:56:33","modified_gmt":"2013-07-22T00:56:33","slug":"nguoi-kiem-thu-va-nguoi-phat-trien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3414","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i. Em th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 m\u00e3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i cho em cho n\u00ean k\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a em kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a em v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng. Ch\u00fang em c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec? Xin th\u1ea7y l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u00e1p: Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0a m\u00e3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho nh\u00f3m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, bao nhi\u00eau thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch trao \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u1eefa hai nh\u00f3m nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n cho n\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i chuy\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nhau cho \u0111\u1ee7, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00f3 c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn sai r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i vai tr\u00f2. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u00ecn xu\u1ed1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n. Cho ph\u00e9p ki\u1ec3u th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. Khi t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1eadn c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0m g\u00ec. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 duy tr\u00ec \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c. T\u1eeb kinh nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f9ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00ec c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t r\u00f5 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00ec t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u qui tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed th\u00e0nh kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n<p>Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n l\u1edbn. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n KH\u00d4NG ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1eb1ng m\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;English version&#8212;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Testers and developers<\/p>\n<p>A tester wrote to me: \u201cI have worked very hard to test everything but the software did not work as expected. I found out that developers have changed the design and the code without telling me so my test scripts did not work. This happens quite often in my company and most testers are frustrated. What can we do? Please advice.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Answer: Software changes when developers change their code to meet customers\u2019 requirements changes. The problem is developers often do not communicate it to testers. When they give their code to testing group, they often do not think about how it will be tested, how much changes have taken place and explain them to testers. Although project managers do encourage communication between two groups but software works are often busy so developers and testers do not talk to each other often enough, especially if developers never work as testers before.<\/p>\n<p>There is a wrong view that when a person is a developer, he will stay as developer and tester stays as tester without changing role. Some developers look down on testers and think that they are better. Allowing this type of attitude will destroy the project quickly. When I manage software projects, I always require all developers to take the same training that testers must take so they know what testers do. I also frequently assign and reassign team members into different roles so they learn the entire development process rather than just stay in one area. From experience, I know that developers who take training with testers or work as testers are much more careful and do not change without telling testers about what they do. If developers do not communicate very well with testers than I would reassign them to work as testers for few weeks so they understand the testing process, the impact of changes in testing environment, and the important of good communication. When developers know how they could make testers\u2019 job more difficult, they often change and entire project team is more harmonious.<\/p>\n<p>When testers and developers are working as a team, the quality and productivity can improve significantly. I also recommend that project manager do NOT assign any roles permanently but frequently reassign people into different roles and responsibilities to have a project team that can do everything.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed vi\u1ebft cho t\u00f4i: \u201cEm \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ea5t ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3414","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3414","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3414"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3414\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3416,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3414\/revisions\/3416"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3414"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3414"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3414"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}