{"id":3374,"date":"2013-07-14T12:49:20","date_gmt":"2013-07-14T05:49:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3374"},"modified":"2013-07-14T12:49:20","modified_gmt":"2013-07-14T05:49:20","slug":"that-nghiep-khap-the-gioi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3374","title":{"rendered":"Th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m nay (2013) l\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 75 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Theo m\u1ed9t t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, v\u1ec1 trung b\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i s\u00e1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch cho t\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u1ee9c v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0ng v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3, nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0o th\u1eddi t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i; th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang trong suy tho\u00e1i s\u00e2u; v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111ang ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n l\u1ea1i nhanh h\u01a1n mong \u0111\u1ee3i. G\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n NGO\u1ea0I TR\u1eea k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, vi\u1ec7c k\u00e9m nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, v\u0103n h\u1ecdc, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u, v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n \u0111ang n\u1ed1i th\u00eam v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m nay h\u01a1n n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. M\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh Ph\u1ed1 Wall n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed: \u201cTrong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u0103m 2008, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ng\u00e0y nay khi kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y \u0111ang c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cao nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 Hi L\u1ea1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha, B\u1ed3 \u0110\u00e0o Nha v\u00e0 Italy nh\u01b0ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111ang c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng n\u0103m. Theo B\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c Trung Qu\u1ed1c, n\u0103m nay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean 7 tri\u1ec7u sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 23 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 con s\u1ed1, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho con s\u1ed1 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng 30 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, l\u00ed do hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed do kh\u00e1c: Vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t KH\u00d4NG bi\u1ebft h\u1ecdc g\u00ec cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd theo c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p kinh doanh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u0103m 2008, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh x\u1ea3y ra nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o l\u00fac h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m 2013, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1eadn d\u1eef n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed: “Kh\u00f4ng ai b\u1ea3o ch\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 hay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i?” Nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ecnh lu\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 “mong \u0111\u1ee3i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang.\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cH\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u01a1; h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ea5t k\u00ec B\u1eb0NG C\u1ea4P n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 C\u1ea2 HAI k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00fang, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m.”<\/p>\n

Ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed c\u0169ng ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, v\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u1ecdc nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7m c\u00e0 ph\u00ea. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u00f3i: \u201cTh\u1eadt th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. Nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra trong ba t\u1edbi n\u0103m n\u0103m n\u1eefa k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb gi\u1edd. T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t bu\u1ed3n.\u201d<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c, Sophia, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eeba m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Bologna v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eddi trang \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh hai n\u0103m qua \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y m\u01a1 \u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1eabu th\u1eddi trang t\u1eeb th\u1eddi con th\u01a1 \u1ea5u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eddi trang v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong c\u00e1c thanh n\u1eef. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean: “T\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ngh\u0129 t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng ti thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eddi trang v\u00e0 l\u00e0m m\u1eabu n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau hai n\u0103m, t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y ch\u00e1n n\u1ea3n.\u201d C\u00f4 \u1ea5y th\u00fa nh\u1eadn: “Kh\u00f4ng ai mu\u1ed1n d\u00f9ng t\u00f4i v\u00ec c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf th\u1eddi trang r\u1ed3i. T\u00f4i l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y tr\u00ean ti vi, phim \u1ea3nh, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed th\u1eddi trang nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn b\u1ea1n n\u1eef \u1edf trong c\u00f9ng t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 tay m\u01a1 cho t\u1edbi khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Mong ng\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng kinh t\u1ebf va ch\u1ea1m v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Deepak, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Chandra, n\u1eb1m trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf \u0111i. Sinh ra trong m\u1ed9t gia \u0111\u00ecnh ngh\u00e8o \u1edf m\u1ed9t l\u00e0ng nh\u1ecf v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u xa, Deepak mu\u1ed1n thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ed1 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ghi danh v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 v\u00ec anh ta mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng ti CNTT. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u1edbp, Deepak tin anh ta c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, khi anh ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti CNTT, anh ta th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u anh ta \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti CNTT n\u00e0y \u0111ang t\u00ecm. Anh ta b\u1ecb kh\u00e1nh ki\u1ec7t: “T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3i tin t\u1ed1t l\u00e0nh cho gia \u0111\u00ecnh t\u00f4i cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00fa s\u1ed1c l\u1edbn. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft g\u00ec m\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f3. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n cho n\u00f3 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a b\u1ed1 m\u1eb9 t\u00f4i.” Do nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c CNTT \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 “v\u00ec l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf ra v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n, th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t nh\u01b0ng v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng. Trong nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng, Deepak \u0111\u00e3 g\u1eedi b\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e0 anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 g\u00ec. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, anh ta t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 lau d\u1ecdn b\u1ebfp h\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec thanh ni\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00f4 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00e1 h\u01a1n. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u00e1o ch\u00ed: \u201cM\u1ea5y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u01a1 kh\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn do nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ecba \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Nh\u01b0ng g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti th\u00f4i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m kinh t\u1ebf. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n xin ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ebfn h\u01a1n n\u1eeda. Nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0y thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u00e3 qua r\u1ed3i khi ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta.”<\/p>\n

Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Yue Zhang, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u0103m th\u1ee9 hai t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec7n v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng \u1edf B\u1eafc Kinh gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho b\u00e1o ch\u00ed: “T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1ea5t n\u00f3ng l\u00f2ng. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p l\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng: T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh chuy\u1ec3n l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1eeb kinh t\u1ebf sang c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam, m\u1ed9t khi b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ed1 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng ban cho t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t qui ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.” Yue n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ph\u00f3ng vi\u00ean: \u201cT\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ee5 th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 m\u00f9a h\u00e8 n\u00e0y t\u00f4i c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec trong t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00ec khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Unemployment around the world<\/p>\n

This year (2013) is the year that unemployment among college graduates has reaching a critical level with over 75 millions of college graduates without job. According to a documentary about unemployed students around the world, on the average, there are eighty six qualified applicants for each entry level job opening. Although some countries do better than others but overall, these students are graduating at the worst time for finding job. The U.S economy is still recovering; the European market is in a deep recession; and Asian economies are slowing down faster than expected. Almost every field of study are having difficulty EXCEPT engineering, information technology, telecommunications, and energy where there are more jobs available than qualified applicants.<\/p>\n

For many years, the worst are jobs in arts, literature, fashion, history, drama, and sociology but recently banking, finance, and stock market trading are joining the list since there are more graduates this year than previous year. A Wall Street executive told newspapers: \u201cDuring the financial crisis in 2008, there were over half million experienced people lost their jobs. Today as the economy begins to recover, these experienced people are competing with college graduates for job. At the same time, universities continue to graduate more students in these fields so they all add up into a very large numbers of unemployed people.\u201d<\/p>\n

Countries that have the highest college unemployment are Greece, Spain, Portugal and Italy but India and China are also having the same problem due to their large numbers of students go to universities each year. According to China Education Ministry, this year their universities graduate over 7 million students and most of them are having difficulty finding job. By adding the numbers of unemployed graduates in past few years, China may have over 23 million unemployed graduates. Although India does not disclose the number, market analysts give an estimated number of 30 million unemployed graduates there. Of course, the obvious reason is the global economy recession but there is another reason: The lack of information and career planning among college students. Many first year students do NOT know what to study so they follow the most popular fields instead looking at the future market trend. For example, many business degreed students went to universities in 2008, before the financial crisis happens but by the time they graduate in 2013, most of the financial jobs are gone.<\/p>\n

An angry graduate told the newspaper: “No one tell us about science, engineering or software. What are we supposed to do with our finance and economic degrees?” But a school counselor commented that the problem with today’s graduates is that they had “unrealistic expectations and lacked the right skills\u201d. He said: \u201cThey want the dream jobs; they want the good salary based on whatever DEGREE that they had. The reality is degree is no longer a guarantee for job. Unless they have BOTH the right skills and the right degree, they will have difficulty finding job.”<\/p>\n

The newspaper reporter also interviewed several students from top universities in Europe who graduated with degree in arts, history, and literature but currently working at restaurants and coffee shops. A graduate said: \u201cIt is frustrating about having no job after many years of study. Some of our friends have decided to stay in school for advanced degrees rather than face the bleak situation of current jobs market. But no one knows what will happen three or five years from now. The future is very sad.\u201d<\/p>\n

Like many other graduates, Sophia, who has just graduated from University of Bologna with a fashion design degree spent the past two years looking for a job. She dreamed of becoming a fashion model since childhood and chose fashion design because it was popular among young women. She told the reporter:”I never thought I would fail to find a job, but that is what has happened. I wanted to find a job in fashion Design Company and do some modeling. However, after two years, I felt desperate.\u201d She admitted: “No one want me since there are too many fashion designers already. I am a victim of what I saw on TV, movies, and fashion magazines but I am not the only one. There are thousand girls who were in the same situation. We are all dreamers until we face the reality.\u201d<\/p>\n

The prospect of prosperity clash with the harsh reality has exerted lot of pressures on many Indian graduates. Deepak, a computer science graduate from Chandra University, is among those who left out. Born into a poor family in a small rural village, Deepak wanted to change his destiny by enrolling in a private university as he wished to work in IT Company. As one of the top students in his class, Deepak believed he had good chance of getting a job. However, when he interviewed with several IT companies, he found that what he learned was far below the minimum skills that these IT companies were looking for. He was devastated: “I had planned to tell the good news to my family so it was a big shock. I did not know much about the quality of education of that school. I paid a lot of money for it and most come from my parents\u2019 savings.” Due to the high demand of IT works in India, there were many \u201cFor profit\u201d private universities opened with poor training programs, unqualified teachers but still issued degrees. For several months, Deepak sent out resumes to every company he could think of but had no results. Eventually, he found work in a restaurant cleaning kitchen just like any uneducated young Indian.<\/p>\n

The situation is China is also not better. A professor told the newspaper: \u201cFew years ago, our electronics and mechanical engineering were in great demand due to many local and foreign electronic manufacturers relocated here. But recently many stop hiring because of the economic slowdown. Many local companies have filed for bankruptcy and foreign businesses are reducing the numbers of workers by more than half. The good days of prosperity are over as we will see many difficulties ahead for our students.”<\/p>\n

The current job market has forced students to act quickly in response to the global demand. Yue Zhang, a second year student at Posts and Telecommunications University in Beijing explained to the reporter: “I knew many graduates from my school were having difficulty finding job and I felt very nervous. I contacted several companies asking them what they need and the message was clear: They all wanted graduates with computer skills so I decided to switch my field of study from economic to information technology. It was not easy because our school is very strict, once you select a field it is not easy to change. However, my father was able to convince the school administration to grant me a special status to change. Yue told the reporter: \u201cI had to take several extra programming classes to catch up. It was hard and this summer I also have to compete for internship at local companies. But if my plan works, I will have no problem finding job because when graduate, I have both technical skills and experience.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m nay (2013) l\u00e0 n\u0103m m\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 75 tri\u1ec7u … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3374","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3374"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3374\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3376,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3374\/revisions\/3376"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3374"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}