{"id":3371,"date":"2013-07-14T08:58:32","date_gmt":"2013-07-14T01:58:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3371"},"modified":"2013-07-14T08:58:32","modified_gmt":"2013-07-14T01:58:32","slug":"tong-quan-ve-he-thong-tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3371","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 H\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ISM) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft ra m\u1ecdi giao t\u00e1c tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y; vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ch\u00fang trong s\u1ed5 c\u00e1i cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch k\u1ebf to\u00e1n r\u1ed3i chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1ed5 ghi kho \u0111\u1ec3 ghi l\u1ea1i c\u00e1c b\u1ea3n ghi v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c mua s\u1eafm t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00ed, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh b\u00e1o c\u00e1o trong v\u00e0i gi\u1edd.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 m\u1ea1nh cho m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn v\u00e0 nh\u1ecf. Kh\u00f3 h\u00ecnh dung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh bao g\u1ed3m ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i t\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng b\u1edfi m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn m\u00e1y t\u00ednh thu th\u1eadp, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u1eadn d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00edch theo c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t sinh ra b\u00e1o c\u00e1o cho g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

H\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh thu th\u1eadp d\u1eef li\u1ec7u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u01b0u ch\u00fang v\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, tr\u00edch r\u00fat, v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0o trong c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 do ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7t ra. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u1ed9i dung v\u00e0 tr\u00edch r\u00fat ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng tin h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m xem hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng hay li\u1ec7u m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi hay kh\u00f4ng. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u chi ti\u1ebft th\u00eam, hay c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh. C\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean Trinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 tin th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh m\u1eabu kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u01b0u th\u1ebf kinh doanh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. H\u1ecd t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c d\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9c d\u1ec5 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 B\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y b\u1ee9c tranh to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a doanh nghi\u1ec7p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t. Nh\u1eefng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u khi\u1ec3n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a th\u00f4ng tin th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nh\u1eefn xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 H\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00e0 qui t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y. V\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 H\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) gi\u00fap cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u1ea3i kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—English version—<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Overview on an Information System<\/p>\n

Information System Management (ISM) can be defined as the managing of a computer system that processes data of an organization and generates meaningful information that helps managers to make decisions. Before the development of computer, business people had to write every transaction on a piece of paper; rewrote them into a ledger for accounting purpose then transferred to inventory notebooks for record keeping and future purchase. These data had to be processed and analyzed into useful information and documented into reports to managers. Such a manual system often took several weeks and it is easy to make mistakes at different points. However, with computers, everything could be processed, analyzed, and generate reports in a matter of hours.<\/p>\n

Today information system has become a powerful tool for every large and small business. It is difficult to imagine that any business can operate without some degrees of automation. Typical information systems consist of hardware, software, connected to users by a network and managed by technology professionals. Hardware or the computer system processes business data as directed by software or the application programs. The program instructs the computer to collect, analyze, and organize data into several types of reports. Different managers get the data analyzed in different ways to meet their roles and responsibility requirements. Today with computing technology and telecommunication, a global company\u2019s information system can capture and process data from all over the world and generate reports for almost everything management needs to make decision.<\/p>\n

Information System needs workers with different skill levels to operate it efficiently. For example, Software Developers write programs that collect business data and store them into the databases. Database Administrators define the structure of the data to be stored, organized, extracted, and updated in the database. They organize these data into different kinds of reports to meet certain requirements set by users. The System Analysts review these reports, analyze the contents and extract them into useful information for managers to make decision. The Business Analysts review these reports to check whether actual performance is meeting the company\u2019s business goals or whether certain project targets are likely to be achieved or not. They also identify problem areas that may need to be investigated in further detail, or immediate remedial actions can be taken. The Business Intelligent specialists analyze both internal reports and external market news to identify unexpected patterns, problems and trends that may give management certain business advantages. They organize these data into easily understood formats called Executive Dashboard to present a total picture of the current state of the business to top managers. These dashboard reports also contain special market information and limited industry data to help top managers look on emerging market trends.<\/p>\n

By having Information Systems, managers always have up-to-date status reports as well as information about problem areas. In this fast changing world, every level of management needs certain information to make decision as speed is the rule of this competitive market. With advanced network technology, some Information Systems has been transformed into the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems that help global companies manage their operations from many locations that spread all over the world.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (ISM) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3371","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3371","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3371"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3371\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3373,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3371\/revisions\/3373"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3371"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3371"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3371"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}