{"id":3310,"date":"2013-07-09T00:09:43","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T17:09:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3310"},"modified":"2013-07-09T00:09:43","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T17:09:43","slug":"nhu-cau-ki-su-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3310","title":{"rendered":"Nhu c\u1ea7u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7n nay c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u1ede M\u0129 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 thu\u00ea \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 San Jose, Boston, Seattle hay New York. \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 thu\u00ea h\u01a1n m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean 300,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 \u00edt h\u01a1n 20 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u00e1 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfng ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y sau khi h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0 \u1ede ch\u00e2u \u00c2u n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn thu\u00ea t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh trong n\u0103m 2006, kho\u1ea3ng 20% nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eeba t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i qu\u00e3ng 80 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang l\u00e2m v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1edbn b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 t\u00e0i.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00ed do l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc trong l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u1edbp \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cung c\u1ea5p b\u1eb1ng Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay th\u1eadm ch\u00ed gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Theo c\u1ea3nh quan nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, \u0111a s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft ng\u00e0y nay b\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01a1n th\u1ebf nhi\u1ec1u. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0nh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y nay l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u1edbi v\u00e0i tri\u1ec7u d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea7n l\u00f5i c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri th\u1ee9c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. (Bao nhi\u00eau d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Khoa h\u1ecdc M\u00e1y t\u00ednh?) Khi sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p ra tr\u01b0\u1eddng, 95 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103n kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 bi\u1ebft g\u00ec hay nghe n\u00f3i g\u00ec v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd vi\u1ebft hay \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o hay hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y? L\u00fd do gi\u1ea3n d\u1ecb l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ea1y th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m lu\u1eadn \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Trong cu\u1ed9c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 60 v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc th\u00ec ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1c l\u1eadu ho\u1eb7c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00e2u \u00c2u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00e0ng d\u1ea1y l\u00e2u, c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc h\u01a1n, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng d\u1ea1y trong ba m\u01b0\u01a1i hay b\u1ed1n m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m nay v\u1eabn d\u00f9ng c\u00f9ng s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc – \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 so v\u1edbi M\u0129 hay ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111ang thu\u00ea c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thay v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi, canh t\u00e2n v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3t m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi\u00a0 v\u00ec trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ecbu v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u hay b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u cho c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi hay \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn thi\u1ec3n c\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 manh m\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m g\u00ec v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng l\u1ec7nh tr\u00ean th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n m\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m sao \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y? T\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ed5 sung th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u01b0 kinh doanh \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf CAD\/CAM, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 trong tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, sinh vi\u00ean mua m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e1y c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa, m\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u01a1i nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n n\u00e0y, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 ghi nh\u1edb m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft trong s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecm ra nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 l\u1ed7i l\u1ea1c nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea7y th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng t\u1ed1t trong b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7. Do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 mang kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi v\u00e0i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho sinh vi\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf CAD\/CAM, v\u00e0 an ninh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a k\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, t\u00ednh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00ednh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft – cho d\u00f9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u2013 thi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01b0a t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm v\u1eefng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p l\u00ed trong h\u1ec7 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n n\u0103m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng ban nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. V\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean ch\u01b0a t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111i v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc th\u00eam hai n\u0103m n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1eadc th\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u00edch cho t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 – sinh vi\u00ean l\u1eabn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc th\u00eam l\u00ean th\u1ea1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t kh\u1ea3o c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c “K\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p “.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0n l\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadc ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb ph\u1ea3i mang t\u00ednh th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cung c\u1ea5p cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ngay, n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t, k\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed,.<\/p>\n

Theo c\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m qua, v\u00e0 trong nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, qui tr\u00ecnh, l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, hi\u1ec3u qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean nh\u1eefng nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd qu\u1ea3ng b\u00e1 cho gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thay v\u00ec Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o ra b\u1eb1ng t\u00e2m tr\u00ed. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 nh\u00ecn th\u1ea5y n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 ng\u1eedi th\u1ea5y n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ra n\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft. Gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n nh\u01b0ng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ai c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1ea1c s\u0129. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n ng\u00e0y nay l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 bi\u1ebfn h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t r\u1ea5t bao la nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1edfi v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 v\u00ec ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m li\u00ean t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng v\u00e0 theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n tr\u00ean hai tri\u1ec7u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong n\u0103m n\u0103m t\u1edbi (t\u1edbi 2010). T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh r\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 K\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u01a1ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm t\u00e0i n\u0103ng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u1edbn cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software Engineers Demands<\/p>\n

There is a significant demand for software people globally. In the U.S it is very difficult to hire software engineer in key cities such as San Jose, Boston, Seattle or New York. In India, it’s even more difficult although India graduates over 300,000 software people every year but only less than 20 percent of them would be employable due to the archaic education system there. Most top India companies hire the best people from well-respected schools within days after they receive their degrees.\u00a0 The matter is worst in Europe where top people are being hired by big companies several months before they graduate. Based on my research and benchmarking conducted in 2006, about 20% of software people will be hired immediately but the rest of the 80 percent of software people will not be so successful because they do not have the skills that industry demand. As a result, the software industry is running into significant problems because there is a critical shortage of talented software people.<\/p>\n

The reason is so obvious, what students learn in the classroom often isn’t a good match for industry requirements, even though more schools are starting to provide Computer Science degree or even Software Engineering coursework. From a business perspective, CS majors don’t possess the necessary skills today because the curriculum is only focusing on the programming languages and create only good programmers or testers but the industry demand much more. Top software companies routinely turns down people with a CS background because they don’t possess the skills needed for more complex projects and most software projects today are very large and complex with several million lines of code. Typical Computer Science program emphasize hard-core mathematics and theory with some programming knowledge. (How many lines of code student wrote in CS program?) When CS graduates come out of school, 95 percent of the time they haven’t seen or heard of use cases, have never written or read a requirements document, and don’t possess any soft skills or understanding of business processes.<\/p>\n

Why do we all having this problem? What schools teach is often influenced by the studies that professors did when they worked in their doctorate programs. As I found in my study in Europe, most professors come out during the 60s and what they learned are either obsolete or no longer useful due to the fast changing in technology. The European education system is based on hierarchy where the longer you teach, the better secure position you have, resulting in a majority of professors have been teaching for thirty or forty years using the same books and techniques that they learned years ago – That is why in Europe, software industry does not have an important role as compare with the U.S or Asia. Today many top European companies are hiring Chinese and Indian engineers instead of their own people. Off course there are many good, innovative and knowledgeable professors in Europe but they have to wait for their turn in the university because in this academic system, many professors do not retire or being force to retire. These academic systems do not reward professors for spending time on problems with current technology or have experiences in the industry. The result is many students graduated with a shallow view of software and systems. Many have no clue what their language and system does and think that invoking functions on a library someone else wrote is all there is to developing software.<\/p>\n

How do you fix this problem? I strongly believe that what we need is to broaden the appeal of computer science to a wider range of students by adding more practical coursework in areas such as e-business, business automation, e-government, CAD\/CAM Design, socially relevant computing-impact technology and in gaming and robotics. For example, students purchase a personal robot along with their textbooks, which they will learn to program and play with as part of their initiation into the discipline, at least they have a good indication that that approach is far more compelling than what has been a fairly traditional, memorize all the formulas and theories in textbooks.<\/p>\n

Getting students engaged is one thing, but finding the best and brightest who can take on challenging programming tasks and succeed requires a good fundamentals in engineering disciplines. Therefore software curriculum must be changed to more practical aspect because the principle of any universities is to educate to the best applicable to society and not merely train people in some abstract theories. Software education can’t be a simple introduction to software theories with some programming languages and the use of tools that no longer useful.<\/p>\n

I think we need a solid foundation for a software engineering curriculum that can give students practical experience with specific application areas, such as graphics, CAD\/CAM design, and computing security. We also need to expose students to real-world demands of correctness, maintainability, testability and performance together with the tools used for that. Unfortunately, when you complete a list of all that’s needed-even at a minimum-you come up with a lot of undergraduates can’t handle, and couldn’t reasonably be expected to handle in a four year degree. This is a major dilemma but I also believe in life long learning and additional years for software professional. With an undergraduate degree students are getting a broad exposure, but they should not stop there. An additional two years for a Master Degree that focus on a specific domain area can be useful for both the students and the industry. Of course, requiring a master’s degree for “serious industry work” could be too much for many students but I strongly believe that a specific study on a particular domain specific that truly creating a “Professional Software Engineer”.<\/p>\n

I hope that many of us, who are working in industry as well as the academic must work together to improve current computing and software degree programs to attract the best students. The proposed program must be practical that provide students with skills that they can almost immediately apply, it must focus on the business value, lot of process and management skills in addition to the traditional software architecture, design, implementation, verification and testing skills,.<\/p>\n

From my perspective, the current curriculum, especially in Computer Science hasn’t changed that much over the years, and in a lot of undergraduate programs students are probably focusing too much in programming languages but not the utilization of tools, processes, documentation, understanding of business processes and most of all, be a software professionals.<\/p>\n

This is why I strongly advocate for a Software Engineering curriculum instead of the traditional Computer Science degree. To be an effective software professional, you need to have talent and you need to have training. Software is essentially a product that you create with your mind. You don’t really see it, you don’t really smell it, you have to imagine it first. Curriculum can give you training but talent is something you have to have because not everyone can be a software engineer, just like not everyone can be a musician. You need art as well as science.<\/p>\n

I believe that what the industry need today is more software engineer because you can’t take a computer science graduate and turn them into a software engineer. You will have a fundamental flaws because the training focus are vastly different but we need to start improving the curriculum now because of global demand and for our industry to survive in the 21st century. Currently, the demand for software talent continue to grow and according to some studies, the world will need over two million software engineer in the next five years (by 2010). I want to emphasize that the demand is on Software Engineer and not Computer Scientist or Programmer.<\/p>\n

The world is changing fast and I would expect to see more specialization and a diverse workforce in terms of ethnicity, technical backgrounds and career goals. Many companies will have to look globally for talent, which increases the education, training and management challenges but it also provide significant opportunities to some career-oriented people who understand the global trend and willing to take the challenge.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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