{"id":3305,"date":"2013-07-09T00:06:24","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T17:06:24","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3305"},"modified":"2013-07-09T00:06:24","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T17:06:24","slug":"viec-quan-li-du-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3305","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3: L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean v\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng g\u0103ng, c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c h\u1ea1n ch\u00f3t \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 d\u1eabn, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c giao th\u1ee9c th\u00f4ng tin, b\u00e1o c\u00e1o tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, h\u1ecdp v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft l\u1ed7i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ea9n tr\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 l\u1edbn, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111em d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 “v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111i theo \u0111\u00fang k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u hay chi ph\u00ed. H\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm, \u0111\u1eaft v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u00f4i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 \u00a0“nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c” trong nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e2m v\u00e0o v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hay c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00edch b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft lo\u1ea1i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. (Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bao qu\u00e1t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u – Bao nhi\u00eau gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u00e0i t\u1eadp l\u1edbn cho h\u1ecdc sinh?) Ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadn tu\u1ef5, cam k\u1ebft, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi cao v\u1edbi n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c, kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ec9 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t m\u1edbi l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t th\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi bao nhi\u00eau ng\u00e0y trong tu\u1ea7n hay bao nhi\u00eau gi\u1edd trong ng\u00e0y, n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n th\u00ec t\u1eeb 14 t\u1edbi 16 gi\u1edd l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ec7.\u00a0 H\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd tr\u00e1nh th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb h\u1ecfng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u00edt ng\u1ee7 hay kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ee7 ch\u00fat n\u00e0o m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n g\u00ec. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u00e0o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2y?<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u1edf trong h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00ednh ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi\u00a0 s\u1ebd t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c khen th\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1eb9p b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u00edt \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. (Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ch\u1eb3ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay \u0111\u00f2i c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd ra l\u1ec7nh ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 khen th\u01b0\u1edfng hay th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn) cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u00f4ng ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n thay v\u00ec hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111em t\u1edbi h\u00e0nh vi t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f4i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3m \u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00ean vi\u1ebft b\u1ee9c th\u01b0 ng\u1eafn hay email “c\u00e1m \u01a1n” m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m c\u01a1 s\u1edf cho \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00ean th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f4ng khai hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f4i c\u00f3 n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c h\u1ecdp t\u00f4n vinh s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u00f4i c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng ti th\u01b0\u1edfng cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u00e3y h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y th\u1eadt nhanh b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00fd gi\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Project Management<\/p>\n

Managing a software project is a difficult job: As a project manager, you must get requirements from customers, plan schedules, resources, and then design all critical paths, milestones, deadlines to make sure that you meet the requirements as well as create all internal tests, acceptance test. You also issue directions, set up transfer protocols, status reports, meetings and deal with bugs, issues, emergency situations and all documentations. However, after many years of managing both small and large software projects, I could say that the most important factor bringing a project to success is the “People issues”.<\/p>\n

From my own experiences, most software projects never go according to plans because customers will always change requirements but never change the schedule or cost. They always complain that software projects that are late, costly and not give them what they want. However, most projects that I managed always complete, to some degree, successful because of the “Good people” on those project. That’s why I think people are the most important aspect of all software projects.<\/p>\n

When project comes to serious problems, the best management method or tools will not help because they are not designed to solve these kind of problems. (No tool can fix customer’s complains and the management methods taught in university does not cover the issue of requirements changes – How many professor ever change the assignments to students?) It’s only the people who are dedicated, committed, highly innovated with their abilities, experiences, and knowledge can help you to solve these problems.<\/p>\n

I’m not saying that only good people will make software projects success but without good people the project will not get done. I have seen many people work hard to fix problems no matter what day of the week or what hour of the day, if needed – a 14 to 16 hours of work is a normal routine. \u00a0They will discuss and on what are needed and what can be done to help their project manager avoid failure. Some may work several weeks to fix the most important systems when it crashed. Many barely sleeping or no sleeping at all without complains. So to ensure success, manager must ask the question: Where do I find people like that?<\/p>\n

The answer is in your behavior because it is the employees that are looking for the manager to work for and not the other way around. Most courses on management never address rewarding the behavior you want repeated because manager method have fewer ways to influence employees and shape their behavior. (Most professors never work in industry or having people work for them so they used to give order rather than reward and recognize) so they taught that you are the boss and have the right to demand employee to work harder and more rather than understand that coercion does not bring out the best behavior of employees.<\/p>\n

To be a good manager, especially software manager you must ask:<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Have I congratulate people who do a good job?<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Have I personally write “thank you” notes or emails to people about their performance?<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Have I use performance as basis for promotion?<\/p>\n

4)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Have I personally and publicly recognizes people for good performance?<\/p>\n

5)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Have I hold meetings to celebrate success?<\/p>\n

6)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Have I ask the president of the company to reward people with good performance?<\/p>\n

If the answer is NO then you better learn these things quickly because good people always have the choice to work for you or somebody else.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f3: L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, l\u1ecbch … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3305","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3305","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3305"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3305\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3306,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3305\/revisions\/3306"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3305"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3305"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3305"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}