{"id":3302,"date":"2013-07-09T00:02:36","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T17:02:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3302"},"modified":"2013-07-09T00:02:36","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T17:02:36","slug":"nguoi-quan-li-du-an-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3302","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Anh \u1ea5y sung s\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi v\u00ec sau nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng anh \u1ea5y c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y h\u1eb1ng mong mu\u1ed1n. Tuy nhi\u00ean, anh l\u1ea1i lo l\u1eafng b\u1edfi v\u00ec anh \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n g\u00ec v\u00e0 anh \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi xin l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i vi\u1ebft cho anh \u1ea5y:<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u01b0u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt th\u00edch \u0111\u00e1ng.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec b\u1ea1n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. K\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ed5 sung kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. H\u00e3y nh\u00ecn m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch trung th\u1ef1c v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u1ebfu.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 trong c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft xung \u0111\u1ed9t v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb x\u1eed tr\u00ed c\u00e1c t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi sa th\u1ea3i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n n\u00ean tham gia kho\u00e1 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 b\u00e0i b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp c\u00e1c \u01b0u ti\u00ean, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00e1c bu\u1ed5i h\u1ecdp c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u00fd ki\u1ebfn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 khen th\u01b0\u1edfng cho th\u00e0nh t\u00edch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng (l\u1eddi c\u00e1m \u01a1n) cho t\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t (qu\u00e0 t\u1eb7ng, ti\u1ec1n, th\u01b0\u1edfng). B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00e0nh ra m\u1ed9t ch\u00fat \u00fd ngh\u0129 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 khen th\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. C\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u00e0i c\u00e1ch \u0111o \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 ra li\u1ec7u b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb ch\u1eadm b\u1edfi v\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kho\u1ea3ng 50% trong v\u00f2ng s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng. B\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u\u0111\u1ebfm s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i qua t\u1eebng tu\u1ea7n hay th\u00e1ng, hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ai y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 khi\u1ebfn cho b\u1ea1n s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i qui tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. C\u00f3 hai l\u00ed do ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n: s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, v\u00e0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i theo d\u00f5i s\u00e1t c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft hay d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng, v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd \u0111em s\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u00e3y gi\u1eef c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 v\u1edbi nh\u00f3m m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. Nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u1eafm \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi, quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng cho t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. V\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f3 gi\u1eef cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn theo h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u00ecnh t\u0129nh b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 ngay m\u1ed9t l\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ea1n n\u00ean nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 theo ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean k\u0129 thu\u1eadt trong t\u1ed5 c\u00f9ng nhau chia s\u1ebb v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5; th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng cho vi\u1ec7c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m; v\u00e0 gi\u1eef c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, c\u00f4ng ti, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Project Manager<\/p>\n

I have a friend who just gets promoted to software project manager. He is happy because after many years working as a programmer, finally he gets the position that he always wanted. However, he is worry because he does not receive any training and he asks for advice. This is what I write him:<\/p>\n

As a project manager, your priority is to satisfy your customer\u2019s requirements and guide the project team to achieve success. Your new responsibilities include resolving problems and conflicts, setting goals and providing technical guidance when appropriate.<\/p>\n

Since you have not received any training for the position, you may have some skill gaps in your new job. Your technical skill was probably a factor in your being selected for the management job but you\u2019ll need additional skills to be fully effective. Take an honest review of your strengths and weaknesses and make plans to improve any weaknesses.<\/p>\n

You may need help at handling interpersonal relationships, resolving conflicts and prepare to deal with situations ranging from hiring and firing staff and negotiating with customers. As a project leader, you will be responsible for coordinating the work of others, for planning and tracking progress, and for taking corrective actions when things do not go well.<\/p>\n

You should take a training course in project management, and begin reading books and articles about project management. Your ability to set priorities, conduct effective meetings, and communicate clearly will have an impact on your effectiveness as a manager. To recognize and reward the achievements of your team members is also an important way to keep them motivated. Recognition can range from the symbolic (Thank you notes) to the tangible (Gift, Money, Bonuses). By investing a small amount of thought and money in a recognition and reward program, you can get a lot of cooperation from team members.<\/p>\n

As a new manager, you must set goals for the project. Goals should be measurable so you can select a few simple metrics that will indicate whether you are making adequate progress toward the goals. For example, if you\u2019ve found that projects are often late because of changing requirements, you might set a goal to improve the requirements stability by 50% within six months. Such a goal requires that you actually count the number of requirements changes per week or month, understand who request these changes and take actions to control them. This will likely require some modification in the requirements development process and the way you interact with the customers. There are two main reasons to improve your processes: to correct problems, and to prevent problems. Make sure your efforts align with known or anticipated risks to the success of your projects. You must explore the strengths and weaknesses of the current process being used, and the risks facing your projects. Setting measurable goals brings a focus to your improvement efforts. Keep the goals a priority, and monitor progress with the group periodically. Remember that your objective is to improve the technical and business success achieved by your projects and company.<\/p>\n

As a new software manager, your leadership is important to the project team toward project success. With the day-to-day pressures, it can be difficult just to keep your project moving toward the direction that you wanted but you must stay calm because you can not do everything at once so you need to select a few things that seem most appropriate for the situation and get started. Remember that you are responsible for doing more than completing the project on time and on budget. You must also lead the technical staff into a cohesive team that shares a commitment to quality; foster an environment of teamwork; promote and reward the application of software engineering practices; and balance the needs of your customers, your company, your team members, and yourself.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Anh \u1ea5y sung s\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi v\u00ec sau nhi\u1ec1u … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3302"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3302\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3304,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3302\/revisions\/3304"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}