{"id":3293,"date":"2013-07-08T23:53:43","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T16:53:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3293"},"modified":"2013-07-08T23:53:43","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T16:53:43","slug":"phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3293","title":{"rendered":"Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng cho t\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111em b\u00e1n ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1eefa m\u00e0 l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t chi ph\u1ed1i cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 c\u1ee1 ba ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la, l\u1edbn h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u00e0nh ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o hay c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, xe h\u01a1i, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v.v. \u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra. \u0110\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u00fang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh: \u0110\u1ea7u ti\u00ean, c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn. Th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ed3i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. M\u00e3 n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng, h\u1ee3p th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Trong qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hay l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qui tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110a s\u1ed1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sau khi h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00fa ph\u00e1p Java hay C++. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u l\u1ea7m k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 so s\u00e1nh ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y nh\u00e0. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ee9ng v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec7t t\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong tr\u00ean 30 n\u0103m l\u00e0m K\u0129 s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nghe m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec7n minh v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng Java t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n C++ hay C t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n Pascal. Th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, h\u1ecd th\u00edch ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng may ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ec7n minh v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. L\u00ed do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u qui tr\u00ecnh hay kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. H\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ch\u1ec9 th\u00edch \u0111\u00f3ng \u0111inh v\u00e0o g\u1ed7 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 l\u00ed do ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y nh\u00e0. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u00e3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong b\u1ed1n n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc s\u1ebd v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00ean h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y kh\u00f3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n, trong ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n thu\u00ea 200 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng anh \u1ea5y ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 12 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ee7 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra – m\u1ed9t b\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd nghe n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 pha ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y h\u1ecd n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t \u00edt n\u01a1i d\u1ea1y n\u00f3. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfu bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. N\u1ebfu nh\u00ecn k\u0129 v\u00e0o trong gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc. C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n nay kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u1ea1y k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi tri th\u1ee9c s\u00e2u s\u1eafc trong c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5. \u0110\u1ec3 d\u1ea1y nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0i n\u0103m trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 c\u1ea5p thi\u1ebft b\u1edfi v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n nay \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady? B\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. Theo b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed U.S News v\u00e0 World Report, M\u0129 c\u00f3 \u00edt h\u01a1n 100 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc cung c\u1ea5p ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 200 tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngay t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. Ti\u1ebfc thay vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ef1c k\u00ec ch\u1eadm trong gi\u1edbi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u00edt khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 r\u1ea5t tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u1edbi hi\u1ec7n tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y l\u00ed do n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u. \u0110i\u1ec1u duy nh\u1ea5t t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u01a1i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version —–<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Software<\/p>\n

Software is everywhere, from cell phones to large banking systems. Software is not a marketable product anymore but an essential factor that embedded in the life of everybody and critical to the global economy. According to the latest economic report, software now is a trillion dollars business, bigger than any manufacturing or industry such as aerospace, car, machinery etc.<\/p>\n

Software systems are some of the most complicated things humans have ever created. To design and build them, software engineers must to follow defined processes and procedures: First, the requirements need to be carefully defined. Then the architecture of the software system needs to be developed. Once the requirements and architecture are defined, one can begin code development. The code then needs verification, validation, and testing.\u00a0 In this process, the actual code development or programming is only a small portion of the entire process.<\/p>\n

Most people do not fully understand software engineering. Most students think they can do software after they learn the basics of Java or C++ syntax. They misunderstood software engineering with programming. This is like comparing an architect with a worker putting nails on a piece of wood to build a house. Many people can put nails on wood but without an architect, you can not build a house that will stand as architectural masterpieces. Many people can program, but few can develop large software masterpieces. For over 30 years as a Chief Engineer of a large company, I have heard people argue about computer languages, some believe that Java is better than C++ or C is better than Pascal. Often, they like the language that they are taught in school but most often they do not argue about the process that create the software product. The simple reason, many do not understand the process or like to follow a defined process. They just like to program as many worker just like to put nails on a piece of wood without thinking about the main reason of building a house. People who develop code without software engineering is nothing but a common worker and you do not need to go to school for several years to be just a simple worker.<\/p>\n

Many students who graduate from universities will eventually work in some software companies. Because most of them do not get software education they will find it difficult to complete the assignments on time, within schedule and high quality. Unfortunately, the results will be a software product that may not meet what the customer needs and has a lot of defects. Last year, my friend need to hire 200 software people but he only found 12 people qualified to do the work because most failed the test \u2013 a simple test to build a software system. Most people did not understand the requirements, they never hear of the architecture phase of the development process. They failed because their schools did not teach them the fundamental of software engineering.<\/p>\n

Software Engineering can be defined as the application of disciplined, quantifiable, systematic approach to the development, operation of software system. This is the most critical skills that business and industry need and very few places teach it. I really think it would be very beneficial for students to know more about software engineering before they graduate. It is also not valid to assume that computer science students can be software engineers. If you look closely into this curriculum, you will see that CS is mostly focus on programming languages with lot of theories on computer and mathematics. It should also be noted that it is difficult to teach software engineering because it requires a profound knowledge in business processes. To teach these, professors are required to work at least several years in the software industry and understand all components of a process.<\/p>\n

The need for software engineering education is critical because there are great demands for this skill all over the world. Why such a shortage? Because today there are very few universities offer it. According to the latest report from U.S News and World Report magazine, The U.S has less than 100 universities that offer an accredited software engineering programs and there are less than 200 schools in the whole world that teach software engineering. That is why I really believe to take advantage of this trends we must start soon, since it takes many years for students to graduate. Unfortunately, change occurs extremely slowly in academia because there are few incentives to change. Most Professors are very comfortable with their current status and do not see reason to change the curriculum. Government are too busy with other issues and probably do not pay attention to something they may not understand. The only thing that I see is the market demand where industry leaders require a software engineering degree as a condition for hiring and it is happening in many countries right now.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Hi\u1ec7n nay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng cho t\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3293"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3293\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3295,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3293\/revisions\/3295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3293"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}