{"id":3282,"date":"2013-07-08T23:37:05","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T16:37:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3282"},"modified":"2013-07-08T23:37:05","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T16:37:05","slug":"qui-trinh-phan-mem-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3282","title":{"rendered":"Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho c\u00e1c h\u00e0nh vi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m. Khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng chia s\u1ebb m\u1ed9t m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung v\u00e0 tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gia t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang vi\u1ec7c. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0m “vi\u1ec7c” \u0111\u00fang b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u00fang vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb b\u1ea3n ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u01b0\u1eddng minh, nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n, nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u1ecdi ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Trong pha ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang nh\u01b0 an ninh, t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 d\u1ee5ng, t\u00ednh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00ednh kh\u1ea3 chuy\u1ec3n, t\u00ednh tin c\u1eady, v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ch\u00fang thay v\u00ec ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng v\u00ec m\u1ed9t nhu c\u1ea7u quan tr\u1ecdng ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea1i cu\u1ed1i m\u1ecdi pha ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea5y t\u1eeb b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tham gia\u00a0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ai \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh quan kh\u00f4ng thi\u00ean l\u1ec7ch. L\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c sang pha sau.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n th\u1eddi gian s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i l\u00e2u th\u00eam ch\u00fat \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, gi\u00fap h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00ed th\u1eddi gian qua vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfng h\u00f3c v\u00e0 s\u1eeda l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

Sau khi chuy\u1ec3n giao s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u0169ng s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, pha b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh b\u1ed1n lo\u1ea1i: s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa (ch\u1eefa l\u1ed7i), ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n (n\u00e2ng cao), th\u00edch nghi (s\u1eeda \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng theo thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng), v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n cho b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.
\nT\u1eebng gi\u1edd kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t cho ch\u1eefa l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 gi\u1edd ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ch\u00fang ta c\u00e0ng h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—–English version—-<\/p>\n

Software process<\/p>\n

The process of a company is the most important success factor in any business but it is critical in software. Software process consists of activities, procedures, methods, tools, goals and principles that guide the behaviors, and decisions of a software group. When people share a common goal and follow the process, they can increase their effectiveness and have better chance for success.<\/p>\n

All successful organization requires that people both do the right thing, and do the thing right. I know many software engineers do the “thing” right because they are trained to follow a defined process but doing the right thing requires an understanding of what the customer expects.<\/p>\n

Project manager must work hard to increase the involvement of customers in the development activities because the failure of most software projects is that the product does not meet expectations of the customer. To reduce this problem, every project must go through formal requirements reviews by preparing an explicit, consistent, review that clearly identifies all the functions that must be contained in the final product to meet customer’s expectations.<\/p>\n

During architecture phase, the project manager must identify specific quality factors such as security, usability, extensibility, portability, reliability, and performance. By\u00a0 identifying these factors the project manager must think about them ahead of time, rather than waiting until the system is delivered to the customer and let them disappointed because an important need was never implemented.<\/p>\n

At the end of every development phase, the project manager must conduct inspection by a group of people from quality assurance and one outside person who has no specific involvement in the project. The outsider can be someone from a different software group who can critically evaluate the performance of the project from an unbiased perspective. Defects identified during the inspection are recorded for corrective actions and manager must check to make sure that they all fixed before continue to the next phase.<\/p>\n

In software, quality is very important. The time invests to build a quality product is much better than the time to fix defects and most customers are willing to wait a little longer to get a better product that will help them do their work correctly without wasting their time through failures and fixing defects.<\/p>\n

After deliver the product to customer, most company will also provide maintenance service. Typically, maintenance phase can be classified into four categories: corrective (fixing defects), perfective (enhancements), adaptive (modifications in response to a changing environment), and customer support. By having a quality product, company can reduce the time that is needed for corrective maintenance and more time to support the customer. Every hour people do not spend fixing defects is an hour they can spend
\nimplementing something new to help customers. The better we support the customer, the more satisfaction they are and the better business for the company and for people who work there.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3282","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3282","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3282"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3282\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3283,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3282\/revisions\/3283"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3282"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3282"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3282"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}