{"id":3276,"date":"2013-07-08T23:23:12","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T16:23:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3276"},"modified":"2013-07-08T23:23:12","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T16:23:12","slug":"qui-trinh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3276","title":{"rendered":"Qui tr\u00ecnh"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: “Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Em c\u00e0ng th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ra nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 c\u00e0ng ch\u1eefa c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00f3, l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ed7i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u00eam”. T\u00f4i hi\u1ec3u th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1eb1ng m\u00e1y bay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00fang t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea7m \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed b\u1ecf khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0m ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ea5t cao.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m r\u1ed3i? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0a t\u00f4i t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? T\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1eabn d\u1ea1y sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?<\/p>\n

Qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 d\u00e3y c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo m\u1ed9t l\u00ed do n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Qui tr\u00ecnh t\u00edch h\u1ee3p con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng. S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u00e1y bay, xe h\u01a1i, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng hay ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m, d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00f4 nh\u01b0 g\u1ed7, kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3nh ph\u1ea9m nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0, xe h\u01a1i. Qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 t\u1eadp c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc\u00a0 (k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5) m\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tu\u00e2n theo \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m then ch\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i quay l\u1ea1i qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n, n\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u trong qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 s\u1eeda n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng x\u1ea3y ra n\u1eefa. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o m\u1ecdi b\u01b0\u1edbc trong qui tr\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 theo qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn li\u00ean t\u1ee5c qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n l\u1ed7i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi \u00edt khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i th\u1eadn tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i “kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i” \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi th\u1eadt \u00edt l\u1ed7i th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ea7y l\u1ed7i.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. K\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m tri th\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m ch\u1ee9ng r\u1eb1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. Tri\u1ebft l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa “k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m” v\u00e0 “l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m” th\u00ec ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i r\u1ea5t xa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn c\u1ee9 kh\u0103ng kh\u0103ng r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, th\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—–English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Process<\/p>\n

Last week, one student told me: “Software is so complex and it is impossible to remove all defects. The more I tested software, the more defects I found and the more I fixed those defects, the more defects appeared”. I understand his frustration because it is not possible to remove defects based on testing alone.<\/p>\n

I work in an aerospace company and I can tell you that an aircraft is a complex hardware and software systems. Although no one can prove that the aircraft has zero defects but our company does take full responsibility for any defects. However, we do not rely on product testing to remove defects because we know that testing is very expensive and ineffective way to eliminate defects. We focus on following a well defined development and manufacturing processes, we use measured procedures and statistical methods to build everything corrected from the beginning. Of course we do test our products but testing is the last resort to ensure the products are of very high quality.<\/p>\n

My question is why software industry can not apply what the manufacturing industry has been doing for years? That brings me to another fundamental question why software people are not taught about software process? Why most universities are still teaching students about programming languages and testing but not the process of develop software?<\/p>\n

Process is a sequence of steps performed for a given reason. Process integrates people, procedures and tools to create a final product. The product can be an aircraft, a car, a mobile phone or computer software.\u00a0 Process is what people do, using procedures, methods, tools, and equipments to transform raw materials such as wood, metal into a product such as a house, a car. A software process is a set of steps (including procedures,
\nmethods and tools) that people follow to develop software product. The key concept here is that the quality of the product is determined by the quality of the process used to develop it. So when the product has defect, you must go back to the process and identify what is the cause, where does it happen in the process and fix it so it will not happen again. By apply statistical method to measure every process steps, engineer can effective create a range of expected results that can be achieved by following a software process. By continuously improve the development process and remove the cause of defects, a software engineer can produce software product with much fewer defects. I am carefully not to say “Zero defects” here because it is difficult to prove it but software with much fewer defects is better than software full of defects.<\/p>\n

The concept of process is the key element in a new software curriculum called Software Engineering. In this field, students will learn the application of a disciplined and quantifiable approach to the development of software. This discipline consists of knowledge, tools, and methods for defining requirements, architect a software system, design and implement software products, conduct testing and verify that the product meet
\nrequirements. The philosophy of this discipline is software quality is the responsible of software people who create the software product. However, if software people do not improve their skills, do not distinguish between the “engineering of software” and the “programming of software” then the software industry cannot go very far. As long as software people insist that quality is not their responsibility, quality cannot be improved.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: “Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u00e1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Em c\u00e0ng th\u1eed … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3276"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3278,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3276\/revisions\/3278"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}