{"id":3274,"date":"2013-07-08T23:21:14","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T16:21:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3274"},"modified":"2013-07-08T23:21:14","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T16:21:14","slug":"dao-tao-nguoi-quan-li-du-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3274","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, hay h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n . Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00e0i l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n:<\/span><\/p>\n

1) Hi\u1ec3u ti\u00eau ch\u00ed th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

V\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o, nh\u01b0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, chi ph\u00ed, hay ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 chi\u1ebfm th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n, trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao do kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. H\u00e3y nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

2) X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n

Ngay t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0a ra cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1eb7t ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u00e0 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng \u00edt h\u01a1n hay nh\u1eefng ch\u1ec9 b\u00e1o kh\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. D\u00f9 b\u1ea1n ch\u1ecdn ti\u00eau ch\u00ed n\u00e0o, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng n\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

3) H\u00e3y ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1eebng h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u00e3y ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 n\u00f3i cho h\u1ecd c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ed1 h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

4) L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i vi\u1ebft ra m\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gian, t\u1ed1n chi ph\u00ed bao nhi\u00eau, c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u0111\u1eb7t \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v.v. Th\u1eddi gian b\u1ea1n d\u00e0nh cho vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 sau trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/p>\n

5) Ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5.<\/p>\n

Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 l\u1edbn, ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u00a0 cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i chia c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho b\u1ea1n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00fang ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

6) \u0110\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian cho hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian s\u1edbm trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n sao cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. S\u1ef1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa k\u0129 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ch\u1ed1t, n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y nguy c\u01a1 cho hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

7) \u0110i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i ch\u00fang tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y hay h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh: D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n theo l\u1ecbch nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? D\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n theo ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? Lo\u1ea1i r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ea3y sinh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00fang? Vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i?<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ti\u1ebfn tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o theo d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? C\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh bao nhi\u00eau th\u1eddi gian cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n? Bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1eefa trong tu\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 tu\u1ea7n t\u1edbi? T\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1 bao nhi\u00eau cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp?<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y, l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi th\u00ec m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ebf tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u1eafc ph\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

8) K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i sau ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i. Sau ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi chuy\u1ec3n giao cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1ea1i n\u00e0y (S\u1eeda l\u1ed7i) th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u00ecnh ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ed7i \u1edf l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 trong ph\u1ea1m vi l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u chuy\u1ec3n giao v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n

9) Li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi \u00edt l\u1ed7i h\u01a1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 kh\u1eed b\u1ecf nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi gian trong l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y s\u1ebd gi\u00fap d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh c\u1ea3 100% th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ra kho\u1ea3ng 20% \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Project Manager train<\/p>\n

Today many software projects fail because project managers do not receive any training, or the training that they received is not taught by people who have experience managing projects. Following are some advises that you may find useful:<\/p>\n

1) Understand project success criteria.<\/p>\n

At the beginning of the project, you must ask the customer how they determine whether this project is successful. You need to know which criteria, such as schedule, cost, or functionality, is important to them. Some customers want to have product on the market first to capture the market share, in that case schedule is very important. Some customers want high quality product due to the important of their operation volume and correctness. In that case quality is the most important. Remember that it is the customer who determine your project success and you must ask them.<\/p>\n

2) Define product release criteria.<\/p>\n

Early in the project, you must decide what criteria will determine whether or not the product is ready for release to the customer. You may want to base release criteria on specific functionality being fully implemented, number of defects has reduced to fewer counts or other indicators that the project has met its goals. Whatever criteria you choose, it should be realistic, measurable, and aligned with what your customers wants.<\/p>\n

3) Be Honest.<\/p>\n

Do not promise what you can not accomplish. Be honest with customer and team members and tell them what is realistically achievable. They may not like what you proposed but you need to persuade them that you are doing your best to meet their need.<\/p>\n

4) Plan activities.<\/p>\n

As project manager you must write down every activities needed to be done in the project plan. You must follow a planning process to estimate how long it will take, how much it will cost, how many people you will need, how to set priority and how to negotiate with customer etc. The time you spend in determine what is needed to manage the project will reduce the number of problems that you have to solve later in the project.<\/p>\n

5) Decompose requirements into tasks.<\/p>\n

Customer requirements are usually large, complex and difficult to estimate so you must break these requirements into multiple small tasks to helps you estimate them accurately, and determine what activities you must do and what activities you may not have thought of otherwise.<\/p>\n

6) Set aside time for training<\/p>\n

Every new project is a challenge and every team member must have the skills necessary to do work. You must set aside time early in the project for team members to receive training so they can be effective. The key focus of training is on removing the gap between the current skills of each team member and the skills required to perform project works. Although training budget is always limited, you must convince management that these skills are critical, if not performed effectively could jeopardize the successful performance of the project.<\/p>\n

7) Monitor progress<\/p>\n

Project manager must know what are the important things in a project and monitor them on a daily or weekly basis to ensure that they are progressing accordingly.<\/p>\n

You must ask yourself: How is the project progressing against the schedule? How is the project progressing against budget? What kind of risk have been identified and how are they being managed? What new problems have arisen and how are they being managed? How is the project communicating with customers?<\/p>\n

How quality is progressing on the project? How much time certain team members are spending on the project? How many defect will be fixed this week and next week? How many meetings that I have to go to?<\/p>\n

As you can see, as project manager you must ask those questions because if you do not have the answers then things may get out of control and you can not fix it.<\/p>\n

8) Plan for rework after testing.<\/p>\n

Every software product has defects. After testing, you will find defects and you have to fix them before deliver to customer. This kind of rework (To fix defects) is usually not in your original project plan because you do not know how many defects you will have at the start of the project. You will need time and people for this kind of work. This will impact on your original schedule and cost so you must discuss that with both customer and team members to extend the delivery schedule and budget.<\/p>\n

9) Continuously improving the process.<\/p>\n

Team members are always busy with their project works but if you want to build better software with fewer defects, you must invest time to improve the process and eliminate the causes of defects. You must set aside some time from your busy project schedule for improvement because these changes will help your next project be more successful. That is why I never assign my team members 100% of their time to work on project but set aside about 20% to do process improvement.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, hay h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3274","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3274","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3274"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3274\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3275,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3274\/revisions\/3275"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3274"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3274"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3274"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}