{"id":3248,"date":"2013-07-08T22:55:37","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:55:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3248"},"modified":"2013-07-08T22:55:37","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:55:37","slug":"cmmi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3248","title":{"rendered":"CMMI"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 CMMI \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd:<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong to\u00e0n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. (D\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo n\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng theo). T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed tin t\u01b0\u1edfng r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. (Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c m\u1eabu hay khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd xem nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 CMMI nh\u01b0ng ch\u1eb3ng m\u1ea5y c\u00f3 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf)<\/p>\n

Mi\u1ec1n gay c\u1ea5n nh\u1ea5t t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111o v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111o \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ed1i \u01b0u c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111o v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, v\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh doanh c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u, s\u01a1p \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00e1ch \u0111o, xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u0103ng t\u1ea3i \u1edf kh\u1eafp ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea5y v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ra “v\u0103n ho\u00e1 \u0111o”, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n khi t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, t\u00f4i t\u00ecm \u201cv\u0103n ho\u00e1\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cth\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t\u201d. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. \u201cTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t” l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t trong t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c; n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m, khu\u00f4n m\u1eabu, c\u00e1ch \u0111o, l\u1edbp hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, lu\u1ed3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c v.v. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh then ch\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i trong c\u00e1c s\u00e1ch CMMI, m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1ed1t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u trong CMMI v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201cv\u0103n ho\u00e1\u201d, c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 thao t\u00e1c s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh. Cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i t\u00ecm:<\/p>\n

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  1. ROI v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn : N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng CMMI trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, h\u1ecd n\u00ean c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn – h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 bao nhi\u00eau v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh (t\u1ed5ng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c tr\u00ean t\u1eebng k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m) v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i \u00edch l\u1ee3i kinh doanh n\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng chi ph\u00ed, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i sau khi \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ebfn X% trong v\u00f2ng X n\u0103m, t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng t\u1edbi X% trong X n\u0103m, v.v.). M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1 ch\u1ec9 ra xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qua th\u1eddi gian cho t\u1eebng m\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kinh doanh.<\/li>\n
  2. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh duy nh\u1ea5t : M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp t\u1edbi v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh sai l\u1ea7m. (C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00ean website n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p). T\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecm ra r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn n\u00e0o h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua. Nh\u1eefng r\u00e0o ch\u1eafn n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 trong qui tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e1ch \u0111o, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh, hay quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u00dd \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m theo c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh. Li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng v\u00e0 b\u1ecf d\u1edf b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m kh\u00f4ng. T\u00f4i t\u00ecm c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh duy nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m b\u00e2y gi\u1edd b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho d\u00f9 n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong s\u00e1ch CMMI. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p quan tr\u1ecdng cho s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ee9ng minh l\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cao. M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cao bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u1ef1 \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i li\u00ean nh\u00f3m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 ki\u1ec3u n\u00e0y x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ra m\u1ee9c 4\/5 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, trong cu\u1ed9c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng nghe th\u1ea5y ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf l\u00e0 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (B\u00e1o c\u00e1o h\u1ecdp) n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eadt ph\u1ea9m t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i cho t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 5 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf ph\u1ea3i nghe n\u00f3i t\u1edbi ch\u00fang \u1edf m\u1ee9c 4. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong c\u00e1c pha v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, qu\u00e3ng 85% hay 90% vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i \u1edf m\u1ee9c 4\/5. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m, \u00edt h\u01a1n 80% c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c 3 ch\u1eafc nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ee9c 4. T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n – standard process document (OSSP) \u1edf m\u1ee9c 4 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tinh ch\u1ebf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 sai l\u1ec7ch l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, l\u1ed7i, v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 trong Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qui tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea. C\u00e1c c\u1eadn tr\u00ean v\u00e0 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 b\u1edfi \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1ec7ch chu\u1ea9n nh\u01b0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng. T\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qui tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u h\u1ecd l\u00e0 M\u1ee9c 4 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc hay kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n
  3. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 : Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c 4\/5 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u01b0\u1edbng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u00e8m c\u1eb7p ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 quay v\u00f2ng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1eef v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u v\u1ec1 tinh th\u1ea7n nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qui tr\u00ecnh. Theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m, t\u00f4i c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m g\u00ec ti\u1ebfp. M\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c m\u1ee9c 4\/5 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c “M\u1ee9c 4\/5 s\u01a1 sinh” kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a M\u1ee9c 4\/5 ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi M\u1ee9c 5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc 2010 v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u1eady. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbng M\u1ee9c 5 v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc l\u00e0 c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi cho \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o h\u1ecd \u0111ang tinh luy\u1ec7n hay t\u1ed1i \u01b0u. R\u00e0o ch\u1eafn n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd s\u1ebd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua ch\u00fang?<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. “L\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ee9c 4\/5 hay l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cao nh\u1ea5t \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec? S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong tinh th\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kinh doanh nh\u01b0 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng, v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc, v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng th\u00ec sao? V\u00ec M\u1ee9c 4 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t qui tr\u00ecnh th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea (SPC), t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o n\u00e0o l\u00e0 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng. K\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u00e2n t\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn s\u00e2u s\u1eafc? Ai d\u00f9ng SPC, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb n\u00e0o? C\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh th\u1ebf n\u00e0o \u1edf m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n? V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau m\u1ee9c 3 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec xu\u1ea5t s\u1eafc sau khi \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi M\u1ee9c 4 hay 5?<\/p>\n

    Khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i t\u1edbi th\u0103m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, n\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t th\u00ec t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu x\u1ebfp cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 CMMI.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    —-English version—–<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Blog 25: CMMI<\/p>\n

    As your company is defining the standard process based on the CMMI framework for improvement, following are some suggestions:<\/p>\n

    It is important to have the standard processes well documented, trained and used throughout the organization (New project must follow it but existing project may not have to). I want to stress the important of training to make sure everybody in your company understand the important of following the defined process. This will give management confident that your organization is on solid ground for future process improvement (Most consultants will focus on documentation and will provide samples or templates for their clients as evidences just to pass the CMMI appraisal but not much in the real result)<\/p>\n

    The most critical area is all about measurements and the application of measurements to optimize the way you build software. A solid measurement plan with clearly defined measurements for project, organization, and business and how these measures are fully integrated in alignment with organization business goals are the most important. Data, metric charts, trends must be used and posted throughout the workplace for people to see and build a “measurement culture”, what get measured will get done.<\/p>\n

    Typically when I conduct an appraisal, I look for the \u201cculture\u201d and \u201cbest practices\u201d. Most organizations have a lot of best practices in place but they may not know it. \u201cBest practices are things that work well in an organization; it could be a checklist, a template, a measurement, a training class, a method, a workflow etc. In addition to looking for document artifacts and key practices as stated in the CMMI books, a good organization must have significant data and practices not documented in CMMI and this is where I pay a lot of attention because it is the \u201cculture\u201d, the way people do work and operate that will really mature the organization. So I am looking for:<\/p>\n

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 ROI and Improvement Trend Data<\/p>\n

    If an organization has used CMMI for many years, they should have improvement trend data – how much they have invested in process improvement (total efforts per software engineer) and what kind of business benefit they have obtained in terms of cost, schedule, and quality (e.g., decrease in post released defects by X% within X years, increase in customer satisfaction to X% within X years, etc.). A well-run organization would have graphics that show improvement trends over time for each maturity level against business goals and objectives.<\/p>\n

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lessons Learned and Unique Practices<\/p>\n

    A matured organization also has lessons learned documented somewhere so people can access and avoid mistakes. (The best way is to have a website where people can access and contribute) I want to find out what barriers that they had to overcome. These barriers may be in process, measurement, cultural, business environment, or customer relations. The intent is to identify the things that had to be done differently to get the business results. Are there any things that they tried and abandoned because they weren’t working. I am looking for unique practices that they do now because it is their strength and skills even it is not required in the CMMI book. Maybe this is an important contribution to their business success and it can be demonstrated as high maturity capability. A highly matured organization always involves customers, most inter-group coordination always cover customer activities and this kind of team building determines the solid level 4\/5. Typically, in an appraisal interviews, you will not hear about complain on management or customer but rather a significant attitude toward teaming and working together. Data on customer meetings (Meeting reports) results of those meetings are good artifacts to look into. You do not wait until level 5 for defect prevention but rather hear about them at level 4. If there are significant reviews per life cycle phase, people know how many defects are discovered and fixed them before release. Typically, an 85% or 90% defect detection rate is expected at level 4\/5. As a rule of thumb, less than 80% may be a solid 3 but not quite a 4. The standard process document (OSSP) at level 4 is much more organized and refined with significant reuse and tailoring. Data on schedule variance, defects, and time are always under Statistical Process Control. Upper and lower bound are determined by historical data not just by typical standard deviation as common practice. I always ask how they come up with their Statistical Process control to determine if they are a solid Level 4 or not.<\/p>\n

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 People and Cultural Issues<\/p>\n

    Most Level 4\/5 organizations are also doing something right about people issues. Typically I find a lot of team building, people-oriented management, and skills building activities. Many have an established formal mentoring program and have a significant orientation program for new hires. Data on employee turnover is kept and known by management. Some have data on employee morale, which has improved as a result of the process improvement activities. As a rule of thumb, I also ask what they are working on next. A solid Level 4\/5 knows what to do next and a “fluffy Level 4\/5” does not have vision past Level 4\/5 typical answer such as achieve Level 5 by 2010 and that is it. One factor that determines a solid Level 5 is the answer to what they will do next and their improvement objectives. What kind of practices are they refining or optimizing. What barriers may they be facing and how will they overcome them?<\/p>\n

    Finally, I always ask people organization questions. “What does it mean to be level 4\/5 or to be the top software company? What is different? Are there changes in employee morale and motivation? Are there changes in business results such as productivity and quality what about performance excellence, operational excellence, and customer satisfaction? Since Level 4 focuses on quantitative management and apply Statistical Process Control (SPC), I want to know what measures are useful. What analytic techniques provide insight? Who is using SPC, and what value are they obtaining? How does management operate at higher maturity level differs from lower levels? Do sponsorship issues change after Level 3? What are the issues in maintaining excellence after achieving Level 4 or 5?<\/p>\n

    As you have things in place, I can ask one of my staff to visit your organization for a review, if things are good then I can arrange for a CMMI appraisal.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ea1n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 CMMI \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn, sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 g\u1ee3i \u00fd: \u0110i\u1ec1u … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[27],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3248","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tang-truong-nang-luc-to-chuc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3248","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3248"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3248\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3250,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3248\/revisions\/3250"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3248"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3248"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3248"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}