{"id":3243,"date":"2013-07-08T22:50:45","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:50:45","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3243"},"modified":"2013-07-08T22:50:45","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:50:45","slug":"hoc-tap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3243","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang ta h\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m cho n\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eb1ng l\u00f2ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc, c\u00e1ch d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i. T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc? B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n h\u1ee3p th\u1eddi, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean n\u00f3, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong COBOL v\u00e0 FORTRAN nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng COBOL v\u00e0 FORTRAN n\u1eefa cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc C++ hay JAVA. C\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p nhau, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang kh\u00e1c nhau n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i qu\u00ean COBOL v\u00e0 FORTRAN \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc C++ v\u00e0 JAVA.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

H\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng sang m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi. Ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn sang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t l\u00e0m v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t l\u00e0m l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft m\u1ecdi kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 theo qui tr\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1i g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00f3 v\u00e0 khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho t\u1ed5 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng hay xoay x\u1edf t\u1ed1t, cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c nhau cho h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, v\u00e0 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh chia s\u1ebb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi nhau m\u00e0 nh\u01b0 ai \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o h\u1ecd r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u00e0m n\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 khi b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n CH\u1ee8 KH\u00d4NG ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn m\u1edbi tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec n\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra xung \u0111\u1ed9t, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ee1 b\u1ecf k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Bu\u00f4ng b\u1ecf c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n li\u00ean quan n\u1eefa l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch trao th\u00f4ng tin cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb h\u1ecd; b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecd. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i t\u1ea1i sao nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 cho th\u00f4ng tin l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin l\u1eabn nhau m\u1ecdi l\u00fac.\u00a0 T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00f3i v\u1edbi nhau h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb tin t\u1ed1t hay tin x\u1ea5u, ch\u1eb3ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1ea5y, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb h\u1ecd r\u1ed3i th\u1ea9m tra l\u1ea1i n\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb b\u00f3p m\u00e9o, b\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u1eefa \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu tin l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 KH\u00d4NG n\u00f3i cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea9m tra n\u00f3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m tra th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc.<\/p>\n

L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng theo th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh sai. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00ec m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5: Chuy\u1ec3n giao ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ph\u1ea1m vi chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n h\u1ee9a v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed5 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch chung c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 gi\u1eef cho t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac. Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111em m\u00ecnh ra l\u00e0m g\u01b0\u01a1ng cho t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd theo b\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. Tr\u00ean h\u1ebft, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u0103m s\u00f3c h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u00e2n th\u00e0nh v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd tin c\u1eady b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 theo b\u1ea1n, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh r\u1ed3i.<\/p>\n

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—–English version—–<\/p>\n

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The concept of learning is facing fundamental changes due to the changes in technology and the global economy. What we learn today may be obsolete few years from now so a software engineer can not be content with what you know but must continuously learning new things because learning is a lifelong activity and you must know how to learn, to unlearn and re-learn. Why unlearn? Because you must forget what you already leaned if it is no longer valid, and if you do not forget it you may not be able to learn new thing. For example, you know how to program in COBOL and FORTRAN but today, people do not use COBOL and FORTRAN anymore so you must learn C++ or JAVA. These programming languages are not compatible, their structure and context are different so you must forget COBOL and FORTRAN in order to learn C++ and JAVA.<\/p>\n

Learning is a skill that can help you successfully transition to the new work environment. Let’s look at the learning need of a programmer who is advancing to project manager position because what a good programmer does and what a good project manager does are different. As a good programmer you know all the technical aspects of computing, be able to design and code according to the process, and work in team to achieve a common goal. As a project manager you will need more than technical aspects. You must understand what must be done in a project, how to do it and when it must be completed so you can clearly explain to project team and motivate them to get it done. As a project manager, you needs to recognize the differences between people in the project, not everybody have the same skill or get along well, so you must know how to assign different tasks to them based on their abilities, and help them solving any personal issues so they can work together as a team to achieve the project goals. As the project manager, you do not talk to them like programmer sharing technical solution with each others but as someone who clearly directs them, explain to them about their roles, responsibilities then motivate them to do it accordingly. Theses are the new skills that you must learn and when you learn these skills, you actually will change your view because management is the skill to get something done NOT just do something. You cannot build a new view on top of your existing view since it will create conflict, but you must unlearn the other skill to learn new skill. Letting go of non-relevant view is the first step of learning.<\/p>\n

As a project manager, you must know how to give information to people in the project as well as receive information from them; you must know their skills and what they needs so you can support them. As the manager, you must set yourself as an example to solve problem and evaluate their performance to ensure that they are working toward the common goal. Many people ask me why getting and giving information is a new skill when people talk and share information with each other all the time.<\/p>\n

Of course programmers talk to each other everyday but they are equal so sharing good new or bad new are not much an issue but to a project manager, programmers may not want to share everything so\u00a0 you must careful review the information that you receive from them then verify it. If you are not careful, the information may be distorted, changed and not factual especially if the new is not good. The people who give the information may NOT tell you everything so you must verify it and information verification is a new skill that you must learn. As a manager you must act according to the information that you have and if you do not have all the facts, you may make the wrong decision. The software project exists for a well defined goal: To deliver quality software within costs and schedule that you promise the customer and as the project manager you must be able to motivate and lead the team toward the common goal as well as keep the team happy. Managing project performance is a skill that you must learn by setting yourself up as an example for the team so they can follow. People will follow you if you are doing your job well, demonstrate your leadership ability, act accordingly, and show a positive attitude. Most of all, you must take care of them by being honest with them. If they trust you and follow you, half of the project work already been done.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng do s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3243","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3243"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3243\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3245,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3243\/revisions\/3245"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3243"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3243"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3243"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}