{"id":3241,"date":"2013-07-08T22:49:29","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:49:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3241"},"modified":"2013-07-08T22:49:29","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:49:29","slug":"nen-kinh-te-tri-thuc-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3241","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c – 1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng khai th\u00e1c lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf trong \u0111\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, thu nh\u1eadn, truy\u1ec1n trao, v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 b\u1edfi c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.\u00a0 Ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u1edf n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o, \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3m \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 cung c\u1ea5p nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi cho vi\u1ec7c truy nh\u1eadp d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u00e0o th\u00f4ng tin t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t sinh v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin qua internet, m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng. M\u1ea1ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 x\u00fac ti\u1ebfn ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ho\u00e1 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u00e1n d\u1eabn ch\u1ea1y nhanh h\u01a1n, b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra, v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n h\u1ea1 xu\u1ed1ng. Chi ph\u00ed truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9t ng\u1ed9t v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m, gi\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00e1y ch\u1ee7 Internet c\u1ee9 nh\u00e2n l\u00ean m\u00e3i trong m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, gia t\u0103ng th\u00eam nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn. C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kinh doanh to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00edch h\u1ee3p n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Ireland v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf nhanh ch\u00f3ng n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nhanh h\u01a1n v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebb nhanh h\u01a1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i k\u1ebb ch\u1eadm.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i n\u00eau cho b\u1ea1n v\u00e0i v\u00ed d\u1ee5: V\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c qu\u00e3ng n\u0103m 1990, ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t s\u00e1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1eeb quan ni\u1ec7m t\u1edbi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ea5t hai n\u0103m. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Honda, Toyota \u0111\u01b0a ra xe m\u1edbi c\u1ee9 hai n\u0103m m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn v\u1eefng nh\u01b0 GM, Ford, Mercedes, v\u00e0 Renault, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0a ra xe m\u1edbi trong b\u1ed1n t\u1edbi n\u0103m n\u0103m. \u0110o\u00e1n xem ai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1eafng. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra trong kinh doanh \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea7u Motorola chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfc \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee9 sau m\u1ed7i hai n\u0103m th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i Nokia t\u1ea1o ra \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t n\u0103m v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng chi\u1ebfm l\u0129nh th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0y nay Samsung, LG, Sony v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00e2u \u00c1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t m\u01b0\u1eddi cho t\u1edbi hai m\u01b0\u01a1i \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i m\u1edbi c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1ec1 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. L\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 nhanh v\u1eady? B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo c\u00e1c pha ch\u1eddm l\u1ea5p nhau trong x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hay v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00e2u \u00c1 nh\u01b0 Toyota, Honda, v\u00e0 Sony \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho c\u1ea3nh quan d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n n\u01a1i m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u l\u1ea1i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng coi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao.<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1ed1n c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n:<\/p>\n

1) Ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch cho vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 tri th\u1ee9c hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

2) C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra, chia s\u1ebb, v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u01b0u th\u1ebf kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

3) K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, ph\u00e1t t\u00e1n v\u00e0 x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u01b0 internet, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i di \u0111\u1ed9ng v.v.<\/p>\n

4) H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti, trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f3c v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ti\u00eau ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng n\u00f3 cho nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ea1nh tranh trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi, m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p r\u1ed3i \u0111i l\u00e0m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb g\u00ec n\u1eefa. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 COBOL hay FORTRAN l\u00e0 hai ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ecdi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 1950 t\u1edbi 1980 nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 C, C++ hay JAVA. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec sai v\u1edbi COBOL hay FORTRAN nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 th\u00eam n\u1eefa b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. Vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb th\u1eddi th\u01a1 \u1ea5u cho t\u1edbi l\u00fac v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u; n\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c: Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o phi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 \u1edf nh\u00e0, c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, hay ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. N\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, k\u00e8m ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ngh\u1ec1 hay h\u1ecdc \u1edf n\u01a1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0 duy t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p hay ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 sang vi\u1ec7c d\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 thu nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch lu\u1ef9 nh\u01b0 c\u00e1i v\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3i kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh th\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o v\u1ec1 v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111o k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh. B\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c, m\u1ecdi k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u1ebd kh\u1ea5u hao d\u1ea7n qua th\u1eddi gian cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean n\u00e0y, m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef vi\u1ec7c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u1edfi v\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c nhanh ch\u00f3ng th\u1ebf n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea m\u01b0\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi, m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. B\u1edfi v\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 d\u1ea1y cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc theo ki\u1ec3u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh (H\u1ecdc qua l\u00e0m) v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c (H\u1ecdc theo t\u1ed5).<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ea1nh tranh trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111em l\u1ea1i th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng; n\u1ebfu c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft d\u00ednh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i hay r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i tr\u00e1nh xa vi\u1ec7c g\u1eedi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 k\u00edch th\u00edch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. \u0110\u1ec3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn, t\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f2n m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t h\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

———English version————–<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Knowledge Economy-1<\/p>\n

By definition, a knowledge-based economy relies on the use of ideas rather than physical abilities and on the application of technology rather than the exploitation of cheap labor. It is an economy in which knowledge is created, acquired, transmitted, and used more effectively by individuals, companies, and communities to promote economic and social development.\u00a0 Today in industrial countries such as the U.S and Europe, knowledge-based industries are expanding rapidly where new technologies have been introduced, demand for high-skilled workers, particularly in information technology workers has increased significantly but at the same time, demand for lower-skilled workers has declined and this put a lot of pressure on the current education system of industrial countries to produce more high skilled people.<\/p>\n

The information technology revolution has provided new opportunities for easy access to information from anywhere. It has also created new opportunities for generating and transferring information via the internet, the personal computer, and the mobile phone. Knowledge networks and sharing of information have expedited innovation and adaptation worldwide. Changes in information technology have revolutionized the transmission of information as semiconductors are getting faster, computer memories are expanding, and computing prices are falling. Data transmission costs have fallen dramatically and continue to fall, bandwidth is growing, and Internet hosts are multiplying in every country. Cellular phone usage is also growing worldwide, adding to the pace of and capacity for change and innovation. The information technology revolution has promoted more trading and business worldwide and countries that are able to integrate their economy into the world economy have experienced significant economic growth as in cases of India, China, Ireland and some Eastern European countries. The global economy also provided opportunities to smaller companies to take advantage quickly if they can adapt faster to changes comparing with larger companies because in this new knowledge-based economy, the bigger companies can not overcome the smaller one anymore but it is the faster will beat the slow.<\/p>\n

Let me give you some examples: In the early day of the knowledge-based economy around 1990, it took six years to go from concept to production in the automobile industry but today that process takes just two years. Companies like Honda, Toyota create new cars every two years to compete with well established companies like GM, Ford, Mercedes, and Renault which introduce new cars every four to five years. Guess who come out as winners. The same thing happened in the mobile phone business, in the early day Motorola dominates this market by having a new phone every two years then Nokia created new phone every year and eventually took over the market. Today Samsung, LG, Sony and many Asian companies can produce ten to twenty new phones every six months and the competition for global cell phone market continue. How can they do things that fast? By having multiple teams working in incremental overlapping phases of building phone products and invest heavily in education and training or their workers. Many Asian companies such as Toyota, Honda, and Sony have invested significantly in education and training, they also invested a large part of their capital in research and development for the long term perspective where many U.S and European companies are so focus on the short term profits and do not consider education as the high priority.<\/p>\n

A typical knowledge economy is based on four components:<\/p>\n

1) A supportive government policy on economic to provide incentives for the efficient use of existing and new knowledge.<\/p>\n

2) An educated and skilled workers to create, shares, and use knowledge for economic advantages<\/p>\n

3) A dynamic information infrastructure to facilitate the effective communication, dissemination, and processing of information such as internet, mobile phones etc.<\/p>\n

4) An efficient system of companies, university research centers and government agencies to tap into the growing global knowledge, assimilate and adapt it to local needs, and create new technology.<\/p>\n

Preparing workers to compete in the knowledge economy requires a new model of education and training, a model of lifelong learning to keep up with the change in technology. In the past, students go to schools get degrees then go to work in industry and they can function for a long time because what they know are still valid but today information technology revolution changes everything. What was valid few years ago may not be valid anymore. For example, programming languages such as COBOL or FORTRAN are the two main languages in every computer systems during 1950 to 1980 but today most computer systems requires different languages such as C, C++ or JAVA. There is nothing wrong with COBOL or FORTRAN but there is no need for those skills anymore because technology has changed. To stay current with the change, people must learn new thing and continue to learn throughout their life. A lifelong learning encompasses learning from childhood to retirement; it includes formal and informal education: Formal education includes structured training that are taught at universities and recognized by formal education system that lead to degrees and certificates. Informal education includes unstructured training, which can take place anywhere, including the home, community, or workplace. It includes on-the-job training, mentoring and apprentice or workplace learning. In order to make lifelong learning effective, we must change our thinking from go to school for a degree or certificate to attending school to acquire knowledge and to mature as individual in the knowledge\u2013based economy.<\/p>\n

From the economic theory, overall knowledge and skills can be accumulated as inputs in the production of economic wealth of a country. In addition to measure capital and production, knowledge-based economy will also measure skills and knowledge, ideas and inventions. Because the speed of change in the knowledge economy, every skill will depreciate over time so to compete effectively in this constantly changing environment, every worker must continue to upgrade their skills and government must keep continue education as the top priority. Because change in the knowledge economy is so rapid companies can not rely solely on hiring new graduates as the primary source of new skills and knowledge but must rely on other training institutions to prepare workers for lifelong learning. Because of the rapid changes, educational systems can no longer emphasize academic theories and task-specific skills such as programming languages in information technology training but must focus instead on the total system such as developing decision making and problem-solving skills and teaching students on how to learn on their own (Learning by doing) and with others (Team learning).<\/p>\n

I strongly believe that Lifelong learning is crucial in enabling workers to compete in the global economy. A good education can help reduce poverty and brings prosperity; if countries do not promote lifelong learning, the skills and technology gap between them and industrial countries will continue to grow and it will be very difficult to catch up. By improving people\u2019s ability to function as members of their communities, education and training can also increase social cohesion or local ties. We must moving away from sending workers to where the jobs are but creating jobs where people live thereby helping to build human capital, increase local economic growth, and stimulate overall development. In conclusion, I strongly believe that education and training is fundamental to economic development and it is more than ever critical in the knowledge and global economy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng thay v\u00ec nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1eadt l\u00ed v\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean \u1ee9ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3241","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3241","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3241"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3241\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3242,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3241\/revisions\/3242"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3241"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3241"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3241"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}