{"id":3229,"date":"2013-07-08T22:39:12","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:39:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3229"},"modified":"2013-07-08T22:39:12","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:39:12","slug":"nen-kinh-te-tri-thuc-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3229","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c -3"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn b\u1edfi tri th\u1ee9c, do \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ti\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t cho c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o. V\u00ec c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n. Ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc Microsoft l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1eb3ng ai bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp b\u1edfi v\u00e0i sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard, nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp ra n\u00f3, Bill Gates l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng ai nghe n\u00f3i g\u00ec t\u1edbi Google, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y, c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp b\u1edfi hai sinh vi\u00ean \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford, \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t cho Microsoft v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 Google s\u1ebd thay th\u1ebf Microsoft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti tr\u00ean ch\u00f3p trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec Microsoft v\u00e0 Google c\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i tin vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a t\u1edbi ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c pha c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 kinh t\u1ebf \u2013 t\u1eeb n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ea3nh quan l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua pha c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 nh\u1ea3y th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0o pha tri th\u1ee9c. Logic c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 theo c\u1ea3nh quan l\u1ecbch s\u1eed? T\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c?\u00a0 B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i tr\u00edch d\u1eabn m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft kinh t\u1ebf d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u0129 r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n theo tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i \u0111i t\u1edbi x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng c\u00f3 cho r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf sau c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng? \u00d4ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 nh\u1eefng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 s\u00e2u trong \u201cL\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba\u201d \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi r\u1ed3i sao?\u201d\u00a0 Logic c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u00e1n d\u1eabn, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a internet. C\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec \u00f4ng \u1ea5y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, t\u00f4i d\u00f9ng \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5. \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp n\u0103m 1947, trong g\u1ea7n 40 n\u0103m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111i t\u1edbi b\u1edd s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng theo k\u1ecbp nh\u1ecbp ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, khi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng nhanh ch\u00f3ng. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1991, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi kinh t\u1ebf v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 mang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1eeb \u201cH\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba\u201d sang th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c “h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7” \u0111\u00e1ng k\u00ednh. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. N\u0103m 1990 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho GDP \u00edt h\u01a1n 0.1% nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n t\u1edbi 15% GDP v\u1edbi kinh doanh 80 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la v\u00e0 tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c.\u00a0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t th\u00ec c\u0169ng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u01b0ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf qua m\u1ed9t pha \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i t\u1eeb x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p sang x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u01b0a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u00f4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: ‘L\u1ea5y \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0m v\u00ed d\u1ee5 th\u00ec d\u1ec5 cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t sao?\u2019 T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. T\u00f4i tin vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111em t\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a tri th\u1ee9c v\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea5t b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh, kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169ng n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c song h\u00e0nh v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1eadp c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu r\u1ed3i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc n\u00ean l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u1eadp trung then ch\u1ed1t b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng cho b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00e2ng cao n\u00e0o. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecdc sinh m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ecdc, vi\u1ebft v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 h\u1ecdc, s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 cho h\u1ecd tham gia v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 trong h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 trung h\u1ecdc, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tr\u00ean m\u1ee9c ti\u1ec3u h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ea5u \u0111\u00e1o, n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho c\u00e1c tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p v\u00e0o t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t trong ng\u1eef c\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi\u00a0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 s\u1edf do nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u00e0n l\u00e2m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n theo nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf M\u0129 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 l\u1edbn t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c may \u0111o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1edbi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t, l\u1eadp ra c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t. Trong lo\u1ea1i quan h\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho sinh vi\u00ean truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nhanh ch\u00f3ng, theo c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c t\u1ef1 l\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p b\u1edfi e-learning trong vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n tri th\u1ee9c gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Trong c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c, l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n chung cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (ki\u1ec3u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n Capstone), sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u1edf ch\u1ed7 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c qua m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c t\u1eadp, v\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1eafn li\u00ean c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc-c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng n\u1ebfu sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft hay kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p h\u00e0n l\u00e2m. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft trong sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3n c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi: \u201cTrong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u00f3, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd g\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u00e1i g\u00ec?\u201d T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ph\u1ea7n t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

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———English version——–<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Knowledge Economy-3<\/p>\n

Today knowledge society is no longer a vision for the future but a reality. Economic development is determined mostly by knowledge therefore education is an essential prerequisite for economic improvement and poverty reduction. Since the Information revolution started fifty years ago, all developed countries\u2019 growth and prosperity are mostly determined by the production of knowledge and innovations. Let\u2019s look at the software industry, thirty years ago Microsoft was an unknown company founded by a few students in HarvardUniversity but today it is the largest software company with hundred billion dollars capital and makes its founder, Bill Gates the richest man in the world. Ten years ago, nobody heard of Google but this company, also founded by two students at StanfordUniversity, has become the biggest threat to Microsoft and it is possible that Google may replace Microsoft to be the top company in software industry. What Microsoft and Google have but others do not? The answer is knowledge and that is why I believe having a good education to obtain knowledge will have significant influence on a person\u2019s careers and wealth.<\/p>\n

My friend, a professor in history told me that every country must follow phases of economic evolution \u2013 from agriculture to industrial then to knowledge based on historical perspective. I did not agree with him because I believe that we can skip the industrial phase and jump directly into the knowledge phase. My logic was: Why do we have to base progress according to historical perspective? Why can\u2019t we break the sequence?\u00a0 My friend cited several economic theories based on evidences in Europe and the U.S that developed countries evolve by following the sequence of agriculture, industrial then moving toward knowledge society. I told him: \u201cIn that case, don\u2019t you think developing countries will never be able to catch up and always have to stay behind developed countries? Don\u2019t you think those theories which deeply rooted in \u201cColonial sentiment\u201d is already obsolete?\u201d\u00a0 My logic: Today there are factors that can accelerate economic progress such as the development of semiconductor technology, the establishment of computing and software industry, and the influence of the internet. These factors contribute to the globalization and the creation of knowledge society that never happen before in human history.<\/p>\n

Since he is a history professor, I used India as an example. India is an agriculture society that gained independent in 1947, for almost 40 years India has not making much progress. Its economy had not grown but almost come to the verse of collapse because domestic progress failed to keep pace the rest of the world as its population expanded rapidly. Begin in 1991, the Indian government started economic reforms with many successful actions but one of the key reforms was education that brought India from a \u201cColonial education system\u201d into a respected \u201cscience and technology focus\u201d education system. By having a knowledgeable workforce, India has evolved quickly to establish a knowledge society as evidence by its software industry. In 1990 India\u2019s software industry contribution to GDP was less than 0.1% but today it has grown to 15% of GDP with 80 billion dollars business and over million people employed.\u00a0 India is not known as an industrial country, at least not yet, but nobody can deny its knowledge industry symbolize by the software industry so I think it is possible to skip a phase to go from agriculture to knowledge society.<\/p>\n

My friend seemed not quite convinced yet and he said:\u201d It is easy for anybody to use India as an example but don\u2019t you think it was a special case?\u2019 I told him that it is not a special case and the lesson in India can be applied to other agriculture society as well if it starts with education. I believe the establishment of a high-quality education system can bring significant change in economy of developing country but this increasing importance of knowledge for economic development can also produce inequality between developing and developed countries if no action is taken. Without a good education, the gap will continue to grow larger and it will be difficult to fix. Since knowledge and technology are changing very fast, the key aspect of education should also be focused on lifelong learning to keep people current with changes. The tradition way of providing education as a set of basic knowledge to qualify people for their jobs is obsolete and must be changed to focus on giving people access to an ever-growing knowledge. Primary education should be the key focus because it is the foundation for any advanced development. If student has not mastered the basic skills of reading, writing and arithmetic, it will be hard for them to engage in continued learning as in lifelong learning. Secondary and tertiary education, which builds on the primary level, must also be improved based on a comprehensive plan where students could be given options for education and employment that enable them to contribute to economic growth and development.<\/p>\n

Since education is a key component of economic prosperity, education systems must be viewed in the context of the skills needed in industry rather than a basic knowledge dictated by people in academia. Therefore the collaboration between industry and education institutions is essential. In a knowledge society, industry plays an increasing role in determine what is needed and what is not based on their needs. In developed countries, private schools have an important role in the education system because they are in a better position than public schools to develop training for the specific needs of the industry. People often ask why most of the top universities in the U.S are private schools? The simple answer could be they all receive significant fundings from industry because their education programs are tailored to meet the need of the industry. With fundings private schools can hire the best professors, establishes the best research laboratories, creates the best curricula and recruits the best students. In this kind of relationship, industry can require private schools to establish programs to help people become self-motivated lifelong learners in respond to the increasing need in industry for certain skills and knowledge. For better efficiency, many private schools have utilized modern computing and communication technologies to enable students to access specialized knowledge quickly, in a self-reliant manner. This includes the opportunities offered by e-learning in the transfer of knowledge between schools and industry. In this practical collaboration, students can interact with other students in other schools, work on joint projects for industry (Capstone type of projects), students can also learn at the workplace through a wide range of internships, and university-industry co-operation joint researches. However, this kind of approach will not work if students don\u2019t feel a sense of urgency or a need to continue learning as opposed to just receive academic degrees. I think a lot of work needs to be done in raising awareness among students and society about how to become a knowledge society and the benefits of lifelong learning.<\/p>\n

My friend seemed to agree so he asked: \u201cIn that case, what would you suggest?\u201d I told him that we need to invest more in education and training and adjust the education systems to meet the needs of the industry and make lifelong learning a key aspect of education so people can help growing the economy and make it a knowledge economy.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai m\u00e0 l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3229","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3229","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3229"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3229\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3231,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3229\/revisions\/3231"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3229"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3229"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3229"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}