{"id":3227,"date":"2013-07-08T22:37:29","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:37:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3227"},"modified":"2013-07-08T22:37:29","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:37:29","slug":"nen-kinh-te-tri-thuc-4","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3227","title":{"rendered":"N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c – 4"},"content":{"rendered":"

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi: \u201cTheo quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng th\u00ec \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 r\u1ea5t th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1ecf qua pha c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m lo\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00f3?” T\u00f4i n\u00f3i v\u1edbi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201cC\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o pha c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n v\u1eadt t\u01b0 t\u1edbi nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1eeb nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. \u00d4ng ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o m\u00e1y m\u00f3c v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn nh\u01b0ng v\u00e0o n\u0103m 1991, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 th\u1ebf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111i\u1ec1u r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t cao, \u0111i\u1ec1u gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf. V\u1edbi ti\u1ec1n thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. T\u00f4i tin trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m n\u1eefa, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh”.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i g\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cV\u1eady th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf pha n\u00e0y m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea3o ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1.\u201d T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd: \u201cV\u00e2ng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00ec di\u1ec7u v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec \u00f4ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 nhau. Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111i theo l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n t\u1edbi thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng s\u00e1 l\u1edbn, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay, \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ed1t cho c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 thu h\u00fat nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng qua hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m, tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t, b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. \u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng may l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f9ng l\u00fac c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n cho n\u00ean khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u00fang. N\u1ebfu \u00f4ng nh\u00ecn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn, \u00f4ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c x\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e1y l\u1edbn \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn l\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 coi Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eebng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u th\u00ec b\u1ed7ng nhi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng x\u1ea5u: c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u r\u00fat ra v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea9y h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c. \u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra ti\u1ebfp th\u00ec v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u00fat ra k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.”<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i tr\u1edf n\u00ean y\u00ean l\u1eb7ng m\u1ed9t ch\u1ed1c r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u1eady \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 cho s\u1ef1 th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 cho qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ea3 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ee7 nh\u01b0ng \u00f4ng c\u0169ng n\u00f3i t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi l\u00e0 kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c, sao \u00f4ng ngh\u0129 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd?\u201d T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o \u00f4ng \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean c\u0169ng h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i c\u00f9ng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y – “T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t h\u01a1n 18 n\u0103m trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd t\u00f4i c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c. T\u00f4i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111i l\u00e0m, l\u00e0m ra ti\u1ec1n, mua xe, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng gia \u0111\u00ecnh, v\u00e0 t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i th\u1ea7y b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi m\u00ecnh. Sao t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc n\u1eefa?\u201d C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: “C\u00e1i nh\u00ecn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 n\u01a1i h\u1ecdc sinh t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c, \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng tri th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i cho ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u1ed7i th\u1eddi d\u00e0nh cho th\u1eddi n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, v\u1edbi c\u1ea1nh tranh cao gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 vi\u1ec7c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n hay vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi b\u1edfi v\u00ec tri th\u1ee9c thay \u0111\u1ed5i sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng gi\u1eef cho tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra kh\u1ecfi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. H\u1ecd c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean gia gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o t\u00e1ch r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1eadp c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c h\u00e0n l\u00e2m ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u1eafn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a n\u00f3, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c truy\u1ec1n tri th\u1ee9c, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ea7y.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 nhanh ch\u00f3ng cho n\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n giao cho m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u00f4ng minh. T\u00f4i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb \u201cC\u00f4ng d\u00e2n\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201csinh vi\u00ean\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean ch\u1ec9 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf d\u00e0nh cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf tu\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1eddng (5 t\u1edbi 25) m\u00e0 c\u00f2n cho c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh nghe m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc x\u1ea3y ra, n\u01a1i th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o t\u1ea1o \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn h\u1ecdc sinh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y lo\u1ea1i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y, tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c linh ho\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u giao ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf cho vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n khoa h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi bao qu\u00e1t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc phi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c trong s\u1ef1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi t\u1edbi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cho c\u00f4ng d\u00e2n. Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ti\u1ebfp di\u1ec5n v\u00e0 n\u00ean li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 th\u00edch nghi ch\u00fang v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u00e2n qu\u0129, do \u0111\u00f3, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn. Th\u1ee9 hai, quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n gi\u1eefa h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd gi\u00fap t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c ngu\u1ed3n t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea7n cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c bao la v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—–English version——-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Knowledge Economy-4
\nAs a history professor, my friend is very curious about what happened in India so he asked: \u201cIn your view India is very successful in building the knowledge society by skipping the industrial phase but why did they make that kind of decision? I told him: \u201cThe answer is simple. In order to go into the industrial phase you must invest in the infrastructures such as having good electricity, highways and transportation systems to get raw materials to the manufactures and products from the manufactures to the market. You must build sea-ports and airports and invest in machineries and equipments for industries. All of these require significant investments but in 1991, India economy was so bad and could not afford it so Indian government decided to invest in education which was much cheaper than infrastructures. By focusing in quality education, the government invests in the future and as a result, now India has very high skill workforce that help create the knowledge society and economic prosperity. With the money from export services such as outsourcing, India starts to improve the infrastructures and ready to industrialize the country. I believe in the next ten years, India will have many factories that operate and manage by high skilled Indian managers and eventually will become a very powerful industrial nation.<\/p>\n

My friend nods his head: \u201cSo actually India did not skip the phase but only reversed the order\u201d. I agreed: \u201cYes, but they did it wonderfully and that was the right decision at that time and even today. If you look at the industrialization of China then you will see that the result was not the same. China followed the development evolution theory by improved the infrastructures to established the industrial economy. China has great highways, good transportation systems with many seaports and airports, well established electricity, water for factories. Chinese government invested significant amount of money into large infrastructure projects and with these in place, China draw a lot of foreign investment and eventually over twenty years, become an industrial nation with the fastest growing economy that sell products all over the world. Unfortunately, China did not focus on education at the time of economic reform but focused more in infrastructures so when all things were in place, China did not have the knowledge and the skills to operate them. If you look carefully, you will see that most large factories in China are foreign owned, equipments are imported oversea and most high level managers of factories are foreigners. Not being recognized as having high skilled workers, developed countries only view China as a large low- cost labor for their factories. Today when global financial crisis happened, countries stop importing then suddenly China is in a bad situation: foreign companies begin to withdraw and close their factories putting million of workers out of jobs. What will happen next remain to be seen but you can draw your own conclusion.<\/p>\n

My friend become quiet for a while then asked: \u201cSo you think education is the key for economic prosperity because it gives country both the knowledge needed and the skills to be self sufficiency but you also mention about the lifelong learning as an important aspect of the knowledge society, why do you think people must study all their life?\u201d I told him that last week, a student also asked the same question – I have spent more than 18 years in school, now I have a degree and a job offering. I am ready to go to work, make money, buy a car, get married, and enjoy life but then you tell me that I need to continue to learn for my entire life. Why should I need more learning?\u201d My answer is: The traditional view of education stated that school is a place where students go to obtain knowledge, to receive degrees and use the knowledge that they learnt in school to make a living comfortably for the rest of their life. However, that view has been obsolete for quite sometime because today with globalization, with high competition among countries, there is no such thing as permanent jobs or lifetime employment because knowledge changes every few years, if you do not keep your knowledge up-to-date, you could be eliminated from the job market.<\/p>\n

Today, technological changes are challenging the traditional education because economic progress is largely depending on the knowledge and skills of its citizen. To eliminate poverty country must develop education strategies to deal with the globalization trend. They need to establish programs to improve their education systems. Of course, there are many theories and many answers from education experts but I believe that the building of the knowledge society is inseparable from lifelong learning, just as the knowledge economy cannot be developed without continuous learning. The rigid traditional education systems based on a set of academic knowledge must be reformed to provide people with lifelong learning opportunities that connect the education system with the needs of society and the economy. In order to do that we must review the goals of education, its content, its methods of knowledge transmission, as well as the mission of the school and the role of the teacher.<\/p>\n

We are living in a world of rapidly evolving knowledge so education system has to be organized, structured and transferred to every citizen so they could apply it intelligently. I use the word \u201cCitizen\u201d and not \u201cstudent\u201d because the new education system should not only design for people of school age (5 to 25) but also for adult who want to learn. School should not be a place where teacher teach and students listen passively but must be a place where learning happens, where teacher facilitate the learning by coaching students with the necessary skills so they can apply in their career. To promote this kind of education, schools must establish relationship with industry by making their programs in alignment with the demand of industry and adopting flexible forms of learning. Current economic development requires the interface of education, economy and the labor market. Education should be ready to react to the changing needs of economy, just like modern economy should be open to learning and scientific innovation. To ensure lifelong learning government needs to create a new education system that would cover the formal education system, the non-formal learning and the informal learning in order to develop different knowledge and skills in a variety of school, industry, and the community. Modern life requires a new approach to education of its citizen. In a rapidly changing society, education is an ongoing process and should be continuously updated and upgraded. Working people should be given a possibility to choose different plans of learning for improving their knowledge and skills.<\/p>\n

To enable the working people to improve their knowledge and to adapt them to the changing market, several conditions must be met. First, continuous education requires funding, therefore, government must have policies and direction to encourage continuous education and invest in adult education. Second, a closer partnership of the education system and the industry would help to fund resources necessary for improving the knowledge and skills of workers. To provide people with lifelong learning opportunities, government will need to provide more access to the vast educational knowledge with proper guidance and counseling services.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

L\u00e0 m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i r\u1ea5t t\u00f2 m\u00f2 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 cho n\u00ean \u00f4ng \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi: \u201cTheo … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3227","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3227","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3227"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3228,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3227\/revisions\/3228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}