{"id":3224,"date":"2013-07-08T22:35:33","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:35:33","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3224"},"modified":"2013-07-08T22:35:33","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:35:33","slug":"cong-nhan-tri-thuc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3224","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf then ch\u1ed1t, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u00e0ng t\u1ed1t. Tuy nhi\u00ean trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf cao h\u01a1n do nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ef1 gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 m\u1edbi, v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 “s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o” m\u00e0 l\u00e0 “s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7.\u201d Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch nh\u1eadp c\u01b0 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, khoa h\u1ecdc, v\u00e0 y h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111a d\u1ea1ng: Ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao nh\u01b0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tri th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0 nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc, hay ngu\u1ed3n l\u1ef1c cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 y t\u00e1 hay b\u00e1c s\u0129.\u00a0 Vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngu\u1ed3n, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00f3i chung nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3. \u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngu\u1ed3n, vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf. T\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n l\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i l\u1edbn t\u1eeb lu\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 M\u0129, ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 to\u00e1n, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00f4ng tin hay c\u00f3 tham gia v\u00e0o ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. Thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef chung l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c\u201d v\u00e0 h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c visa thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i \u0111\u1ec3 \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cao n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay nh\u00e0 xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c “c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c” n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i M\u0129. G\u1ea7n 85% sinh vi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u1ea5y qui ch\u1ebf c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n \u1edf t\u1ea1i M\u0129.\u00a0 Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y t\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o\u201d v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ecbu t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nga, Ukraine, Belarus, Hungary, v\u00e0 Ba Lan.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u00e0n l\u00e2m l\u00e0 ph\u00e2n kh\u00fac kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a \u201cC\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c.\u201d Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 v\u1eadt l\u00ed, to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao, ti\u1ec7n nghi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n; ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u0103ng th\u00eam tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu th\u1eadp t\u1eeb b\u1ea9y ngh\u00ecn nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc di c\u01b0 sang M\u0129 trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn c\u00e1c l\u00ed do v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh, vi\u1ec7c th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n, th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ti\u1ec7n nghi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh. Con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u00ednh qua \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd t\u1edbi nh\u01b0 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn b\u1eb1ng Th\u1ea1c s\u0129, b\u1eb1ng Ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 hay \u0111\u1ec3 theo \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ecdc b\u1ed5ng sau ti\u1ebfn s\u0129. R\u1ea5t \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong khi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 \u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, trung t\u00e2m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn quan tr\u1ecdng kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c di c\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi tr\u00ean b\u00e1o ch\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111em theo nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n cho n\u00ean vi\u1ec7c kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1edbn t\u1edbi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Theo c\u1ea3nh quan l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 Mellon, Vanderbilt, Rockefeller, v\u00e0 Rothschild t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n di c\u01b0 t\u1eeb ch\u00e2u \u00c2u sang M\u0129 v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 19. H\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u mang theo m\u00ecnh s\u1ed1 v\u1ed1n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0 gi\u00fap l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf M\u0129 l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u gi\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c doanh nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1ecf, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ti\u1ec7m \u0103n, kh\u00e1ch s\u1ea1n, cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gia \u0111\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, con s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7m \u0103n Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf M\u0129 g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7m \u0103n nhanh c\u1ee7a M\u0129 (McDonald, Burger-King, v\u00e0 Taco Bell v.v.). Doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 th\u1ea3m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ea1c b\u1ecb th\u1ed1ng tr\u1ecb b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi Th\u1ed5 nh\u0129 k\u00ec, Pakistani, v\u00e0 Ma r\u1ed1c. Nh\u1eefng doanh nghi\u1ec7p di c\u01b0 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1eadn. Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng, n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f3 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0 \u0111em theo v\u1ed1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9 tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u cao. Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 t\u00e0i th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ecdn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng danh ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c thu h\u1ed3i v\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 cao nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0o tri th\u1ee9c d\u1ed3n v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u1ed5i danh. \u1ede M\u0129, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Harvard, Stanford, hay Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf Anh, Ph\u00e1p, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt n\u01a1i c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng nh\u1ea5t cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u01b0a th\u00edch c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 h\u01a1n tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1edfi v\u00ec gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u1edbp nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi \u201cTh\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p\u201d h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u201cGi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u00e2m\u201d t\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn \u201cgi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m ph\u00ea ph\u00e1n khi h\u1ecd n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u201cTri th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n khi\u1ebft\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u201cCon ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u201cC\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c\u201d cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u00a0 C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f3ng v\u00e0i tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong \u201cvi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin cho sinh vi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d V\u1eady gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c gi\u00fap cho sinh vi\u00ean thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ch\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean th\u1ea5y kh\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tranh c\u00e3i n\u00e0y v\u1eabn c\u00f2n di\u1ec5n ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay vi\u1ec7c di chuy\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1ef1 c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1edbi n\u01a1i c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i v\u00e0 v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, s\u1ef1 l\u01b0u \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

———English version————–<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Knowledge Workers<\/p>\n

In the industrial age, manufactured products are the key economic factor, the more products export, the better the economy. However in the information age, knowledge and skill have higher economic values due to the high demand of these skills to build the knowledge society. Well educated people are needed to create the new wealth, as it is no longer \u201cmanufactured products\u201d but the \u201cintellectual products\u201d. Today skilled workers have more opportunities than unskilled labor workers and they receive favorable immigration policies because most developed countries have large demand for their skills. The economic values of information technology, science, and medical could contribute to various uses: A productive resource for high technology industry such as software engineers, a resource for financial industry such as business entrepreneur, a resource for knowledge industry such as scientists, or a resource for service industry such as nurse or medical doctor.\u00a0 The movement of these skills has important effects on the source countries, the receiving countries and the overall global economy as a whole. In source countries, the losing of these skills reduce the opportunities for them to grow economically. In contrast, receiving countries will benefit greatly from an inflow of these skills to strengthen their economy and reduces the shortages of high skills people.<\/p>\n

Based on several government researches, developed countries such as the U.S, Europe and Japan need lot of people in information technology, telecommunications and computer science. These are people have university degrees in mathematics, hardware engineering, and software engineering. They can be developers of software and hardware in the information industry or be engaged in high technology industry. The common term is \u201cknowledge workers\u201d and they often receive favourable visas to stay and work in these highly developed countries. Today the main exporter of these \u201cKnowledge workers\u201d is India, the country that accounts for the largest number of scientists and engineers working in the U.S. Almost 85% of Indian students study in U.S universities did not return to India and most of them receive favourable work permits and eventually permanent resident statuses to stay in the U.S.\u00a0 The lost of these skilled workers from their countries is called \u201cThe Brain Drain phenomena\u201d and today countries that suffer the most are India, China, Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, Hungary, and Poland.<\/p>\n

Scientists and academics professors are another segment of \u201cKnowledge workers\u201d. Most are people who have advanced degrees in physical sciences such as physics, math, and chemistry. If they have good qualifications with many publications they could easily find works in developed countries. Many scientists leave home because of higher salaries, better working facilities; better laboratories and the possibility of increasing their knowledge and interact with other scientists. Based on data collected from seven thousand scientists immigrated to the U.S in past five years, most cited the reasons of low salaries at home, limited professional recognition, poor career prospects and the absence research facilities in the home country. The main pathway through which many scientists come to developed countries is they come as graduate students to get a Master degree, a PhD or pursue a Post-doctoral fellowship. Very few return home after graduated while a majority stays to work in universities, research centers, and industry of the receiving countries.<\/p>\n

Another important feature of migration usually not mention in the news is the business entrepreneurs. These are people not necessarily with a lot of formal education but they have lot of money for investment and looking for better opportunities elsewhere than their own country. Because they bring with them a lot of money so their departure is likely to have a significant effect on the economy of their home countries. From historical perspective, successful people like Mellon, Vanderbilt, Rockefeller, and Rothschild are all business entrepreneurs migrated from Europe to the U.S in the late 19th century. They all brought with them significant capital for investment and help strengthen the U.S economy which were still under-development at that time. Of course, not everyone was rich like them and most business entrepreneurs were small business people who operate restaurants, hotels, provide services as family business. For example, today number of Chinese restaurant in the U.S is about three times the combination of all U.S fast food restaurants (McDonald, Burger-King, and Taco Bell etc.), The carpet and furniture business is a predominance of Turkish, Pakistani, and Moroccan. These immigrant businesses do not require large amounts of financial but they do contribute to the economy of the receiving countries. Occasionally, if conditions are favorable some do return home bringing along capital and contacts developed abroad.<\/p>\n

The movement of knowledge workers in the world stresses the importance of education in developing these skills to meet the high global demands. Talented students often choose reputable schools for better-paid careers because the highest return of investment in knowledge goes to the high skilled individuals who graduated from well known universities. In the U.S, there are significant different in salaries of students who graduated from top universities such as Harvard, Stanford, or Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as compare to most state universities. The same can also be found in England, France, Germany and Japan where top universities attract the best students and graduate the best talented workers for the industries. Although skills are very much depending on individual and their motivation but today most industries always prefer private schools over state schools because their curricula are more closely fit the \u201cPractices in the industries\u201d than the \u201cAcademic curricula\u201d at state universities. The critical notion of \u201ceducation as an investment\u201d approach to meet market demand has been criticized by the academic community as they stated that education should focus on \u201cPure knowledge\u201d to develop \u201cHuman being\u201d rather than \u201cKnowledge workers\u201d for the industry.\u00a0 The private schools claimed that education only plays an important role in \u201cproviding information to students who educate themselves about their own abilities\u201d. Thus education helps students to gather information about their capacities and potential in the markets after completing their studies. It is an individual choice to go where students see fit to meet their career goals. This debate is still going on and probably will not end in the near future but today the movement of knowledge workers globally has change the balance between developed countries and developing countries significantly. The key notion is people will go to where the opportunities are and with globalization, their mobility are much easier if they have the knowledge and the skills.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf then ch\u1ed1t, s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u, n\u1ec1n kinh … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3224","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3224","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3224"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3224\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3226,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3224\/revisions\/3226"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3224"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3224"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3224"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}