{"id":3217,"date":"2013-07-08T22:30:28","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3217"},"modified":"2013-07-08T22:30:28","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:30:28","slug":"giao-duc-trong-xa-hoi-tri-thuc-1","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3217","title":{"rendered":"Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c-1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Khi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u00edt nh\u1ea5t trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m v\u00e0 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ebd l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eabn \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c trong t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 kinh doanh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c v\u1eabn s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 trong “C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tri th\u1ee9c” v\u00e0 t\u00f4i tin vi\u1ec7c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y n\u00ean l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cao nh\u1ea5t b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00fang, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Ch\u00fang ta h\u00e3y nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 khu v\u1ef1c kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00ednh trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho gi\u1edbi tr\u1ebb:<\/span><\/p>\n

Khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t \u0111i t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00ec n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u m\u1ea5y theo kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Khu v\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 hai \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang suy gi\u1ea3m nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ea5p do kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh cao t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1 kh\u00e1c. B\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ra c\u00f3 l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi gi\u00e1 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111i\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n kh\u00e1 l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y v\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n r\u1ed3i m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u00e3 n\u1eafm gi\u1eef th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o khu v\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 ba v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5, m\u1ed9t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 r\u1ed9ng m\u1edf. \u0110\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i t\u1eadp trung n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

N\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 trong “X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c” c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ef1c l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n, \u0111i\u1ec1u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. V\u00ec nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u00eam n\u1eefa v\u1edbi nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh do vi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 nhanh, vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i linh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1edbn \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Lo\u1ea1i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0 duy m\u1edbi, c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p d\u1ea1y m\u1edbi.\u00a0 N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00fang, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap tr\u00e1nh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 thanh ni\u00ean th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0m t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ea1nh tranh cho qu\u1ed1c gia. B\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong d\u1eef li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00c1o v\u00e0 Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p, B\u1ec9, Italy v\u00e0 T\u00e2y Ban Nha.<\/p>\n

\u1ede c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p, B\u1ec9, Hi L\u1ea1p v\u00e0 Italy, gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chung \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi thi c\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 ban h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i trong c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c nh\u01b0: a) C\u1ea1nh tranh m\u1ea1nh trong vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, b) T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc cao v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c) Th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i, d) \u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ch\u1ec9 d\u00e0nh ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 \u201ctri th\u1ee9c h\u00e0n l\u00e2m\u201d, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m t\u1ea1o ra th\u01b0\u1eddng lo\u1ea1i ra ngo\u00e0i tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n. Do \u0111\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn thanh ni\u00ean th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec5n c\u1ea3nh v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c r\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. Sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng tham gia v\u00e0o th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i b\u1ea5t h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p hay tham gia v\u00e0o t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m. Chung cu\u1ed9c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng b\u1edfi th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p cao \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean, trong khi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trong c\u1ea1nh tranh cao c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c m\u1ea5t c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ef1c k\u00ec l\u1edbn c\u1ea3 \u1edf m\u1ee9c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 m\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf m\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t h\u1eadu v\u1edbi ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n l\u1edbn v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u1ed9i ph\u1ea1m cao.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chung th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ec9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong khi \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 thanh ni\u00ean l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u01a1n t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p hay nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb b\u00ean trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, Italy, Hi L\u1ea1p \u0111\u1ec3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua xu h\u01b0\u1edbng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. Ngay c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y nay, truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 t\u1eeb ch\u1ed1i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, \u0110\u1ee9c, \u00c1o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Scandinavia c\u0169ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m m\u1ea1nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 Ph\u00e1p, Italy v\u00e0 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 khi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e0y t\u1ecf nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. N\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn t\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 th\u00e0nh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf t\u1ed1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p l\u1ea1i v\u00e0o trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chung.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eafc t\u1edbi \u1edf tr\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi v\u00e0o r\u1ed3i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ebd b\u1ecf h\u1ecdc. \u201c\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u00e0n l\u00e2m\u201d trong nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Do \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ri\u00eang. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, cho vi\u1ec7c t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111o c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed1i gi\u1eefa c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 cung.\u00a0 \u1ede \u0110\u1ee9c, c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea1i th\u1ec3 380 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m l\u1ea1i trong 13 l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c. Do thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng qua to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem x\u00e9t l\u1ea1i c\u1ee9 sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m b\u1edfi c\u00e1c u\u1ef7 ban li\u00ean h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9. Ch\u00fang l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qua h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi.\u00a0 Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o\u201d y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, trong \u0111\u00f3 sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i theo h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ed1n n\u0103m m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n cao \u0111\u1eb3ng hai n\u0103m hay tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thanh ni\u00ean, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u201cH\u1ecdc qua H\u00e0nh\u201d b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p hai m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp: tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, sinh vi\u00ean tham d\u1ef1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong 2 ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh 3 ng\u00e0y kh\u00e1c trong tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean \u201cCo-op\u201d (c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m). H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn l\u01b0\u01a1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec \u201cCo-op\u201d v\u00e0 sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n sinh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o l\u00e0m \u1edf c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00f3. Ki\u1ec3u hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ed1t cho m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, t\u00ednh to\u00e1n to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc hay l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.\u00a0 V\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00f4 t\u1ea3, sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c h\u00e0n l\u00e2m m\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi th\u0103m v\u00e0i c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Scandinavian v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t. Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan, c\u00f3 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 cho sinh vi\u00ean d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. Trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n ba n\u0103m (v\u1ec1 trung b\u00ecnh, tu\u1ef3 theo l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c), sinh vi\u00ean hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi tham gia hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n \u201cCo-Op\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0o trong qui tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. V\u1edbi \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f9 lao h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng qu\u00e3ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c to\u00e0n th\u1eddi (x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 $ 700) v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u0169ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thu\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn sinh vi\u00ean \u201cCo-Op\u201d n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean Co-Op \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng ti qua \u201cTh\u1ea7y hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n\u201d, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o vi\u00ean \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 tr\u1ea3i qua gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mang danh hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n thanh ni\u00ean. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ed1i b\u1edfi Ph\u00f2ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p hay c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m kh\u00e1c. \u1ede c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 th\u1ea7y hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd. Vi\u1ec7c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n k\u1ebft th\u00fac b\u1eb1ng hai k\u00ec thi, m\u1ed9t k\u00ec do tr\u01b0\u1eddng 2 n\u0103m t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, k\u00ec kia do c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Vi\u1ec7c qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho sinh vi\u00ean Ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn. V\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, s\u1ed1 thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 r\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea h\u1ecd d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u1ebb c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 th\u00edch nghi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o r\u1ea5t linh ho\u1ea1t d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ee9c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o\u201d y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng v\u00e0 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed h\u1ecdc to\u00e0n th\u1eddi trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc trong 9 th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh 3 th\u00e1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eadp s\u1ef1\u201d trong c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. H\u1ecd nh\u1eadn l\u01b0\u01a1ng trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng trong n\u0103m cu\u1ed1i, tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u201cCapstone\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1eb1ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c s\u1edbm v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, sinh vi\u00ean bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 t\u1eadp trung vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Sinh vi\u00ean trong \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh 2 n\u0103m. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn, tu\u1ef3 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1eabn c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tranh c\u00e3i gi\u1eefa tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u01b0 v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi, n\u01a1i m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u201ctri th\u1ee9c thu\u1ea7n tu\u00fd v\u1ec1 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d hay \u201ctri th\u1ee9c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n\u201d nh\u01b0ng s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1edbi, s\u1ed1 thanh ni\u00ean c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m qu\u00e3ng 30% t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c chung. S\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u cho m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed1t cho k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng blog ng\u1eafn n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u cho th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta v\u1ec1 \u201cx\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c.\u201d T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin s\u1ef1 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi. C\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p ch\u00fang ta tham gia t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c thay v\u00ec l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quan s\u00e1t t\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—–<\/p>\n

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Education in knowledge societies<\/p>\n

When it comes to student employment, everybody is pointing to the economic situation, especially to the global financial crisis. It seems that the financial situation will not improve for at least several years and finding works for graduating students would be impossible when companies are still reducing jobs and put many people in unemployment category. Most jobs in finance, banking, trading and business will take many years to recover but there are many jobs still available in the \u201cKnowledge industry\u201d and I believe preparing students for these careers should be the highest priority because without proper guidance and direction, we may lose a whole generation of people who could build the economy to prosperity. Let\u2019s look at some major economic sectors in relationship to the youth employment:<\/p>\n

The primary sector such as agriculture has already lost its importance since it does not provide much in the employment aspect. The secondary sector representing industrial production is decreasing rapidly because of low demand due to the financial crisis and highly competitions from other industrialized countries. Somehow, many developing countries are still investing heavily in this sector without a clear understanding of the globalization trends. What can be build is probably already being built by others at much cheaper price and better quality because countries such as China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan have been focusing on industrializes their economy for many years. Instead of investing in industry sector which require significant money to build factories and machineries that may take several years to implement then find out that the competitors already capture the market, we must look at the third sector which is the high technology and service sector, a relatively new and wide open market. To quickly keep up with this global trend, we must focus our effort and investment in education and training in this sector.<\/p>\n

A fully developed economy in the \u201cKnowledge society\u201d has a tremendous need for a wide variety of specialized skills which require highly quality training. Since these skills are further developing and changing at a fast rate due to fast changing technologies, the training must be flexible to keep up with the industry needs with both training of college students and retraining of working adults. This kind of training requires a new thinking, new approach, and new method of teaching.\u00a0 If execute correctly, it can help avoid higher youth unemployment rates and maintain high qualification of the workforce as a competitive asset for the nation. This evidence can be seen in the statistical data for unemployment in many developed countries such as the U.S, and Europe. Countries like Germany, Austria, and Switzerland have applied this concept for successfully and their unemployment is much lower than in France, Belgium, Italy and Spain.<\/p>\n

In countries like France, Belgium, Greece and Italy, general education represents the only type of formal education with examinations and degrees issued by government and recognized by employers. In this case, most students attend universities expecting the benefit in employment opportunities. This concept creates various issues to the education system such as: a) Strong competition for university admission, b) High dropout rate for those who cannot make it, c) Education institution become a monopoly and has no incentive to change, d) Training aims exclusively in \u201cacademic knowledge\u201d, creates by academic community usually excluding knowledge and skills needed by the industry. Therefore many university graduates do not find employments they had expected and face unemployment problems. Countries with large number of youth unemployment with no prospect of the future usually have very high crime rate and many social problems. Drop-out students do not have any alternative to build a better future will also tend to involve in illegal trades or participate in crimes. Finally the labor market is characterized by high unemployment for many students, while the industry is lacking skilled workers to develop. In the highly competition of globalization, there are tremendous economic opportunity losses at both personal and national level and without a skilled workforce to build the new economy, some countries will be left behind with significant poverty and high crime rate.<\/p>\n

The main issue arises from the fact that general education is often exclusively geared to the access to state university, while the majority of youngsters will not reach it and would rather need other training such as vocational or some practical skills for their life. Many reform attempts from inside the education system in France, Italy, Greece, to overcome the academic bias, which does not reflect the actual structures of economy, have failed. Even today, the academic tradition is still lingering on and refuses to accept the reality of changing time. In the mean time, Germany, Austria and the Scandinavia countries that also have strong academic systems similar to France, Italy and also have many failed attempts in the past, have learned their lessons. Early in the 1980s when industry expressed its needs, government began to review its education functions to produce highly skilled workers for the industry. They have created an education system based on the collaboration between the industry and private universities and encouraged them to come up with better training programs. This new education has significant impacts on the whole structure of its economy and evolved into a well design education systems that can be integrated back into the general education system.<\/p>\n

As mentioned above, not everybody could get into universities and even when get in, some will drop out. The \u201cacademic training\u201d in many state schools do not reflect the need of industry or response to the economy. Therefore, the new education system requires the industry to issue a clear definition of job profiles within special fields. This is a precondition for organize relevant training, for job counseling and government measures to match demand and supply.\u00a0 In Germany, there are roughly 380 job profiles grouped into 13 fields. Due to fast changes through globalization and technological innovations, these job definitions will be revised every few years by joint committees of the government and industries. Job profiles describe the main activities and necessary qualifications of a particular field. They are the starting point for training through the new education system.\u00a0 For example, in the software field, the job profile \u201cEntry-level Programmer\u201d requires certain knowledge of programming languages, computing system, software process, and testing techniques in which students do not have to attend a four year university but only need a Two-year college or vocational school. To promote youth employment, the new education system applied the \u201cLearning by Doing\u201d method by combining two learning environments: School and industry. Typically, students attend school for 2 days a week and spent the other 3 working days per week apply it in a software company as \u201cCo-op\u201d students. They receive salaries during the \u201cCo-op\u201d period and after complete the training; students usually get hired by the company. This type of training is working well for some job categories where students learn basic technical knowledge, math calculation or programming.\u00a0 Since the training program is based on the job profiles, described by the industry, students do not spend time learning academic knowledge but focus on what they must learn within the real work environment. I have visited several companies in Germany and Scandinavian and found that this education system has worked very well. Within the industry, there are relevant equipments, computing and well-defined work processes for students to use and be productive. During the training period of three years (in average, depending on the field), the \u201cCo-Op\u201d students or trainees are gradually being integrated into the work process. For their contribution, they receive a monthly compensation about half of a full time employee (approx. $ 700) and the company also receive tax incentive from government for hiring these students. I also found that large companies have many training fields and can hire thousand of \u201cCo-Op\u201d students where smaller companies may not be in a position to offer the full range of training opportunities in the respective field. All Co-Op students receive practical training at the company by the \u201cTraining Masters\u201d, special teachers that undergo further special education before being entitled to train young people. Their qualifications and the whole process are being monitored by the Chambers of Trade and Industry or other responsible industry representatives. In smaller companies, the owners and managers very often are master trainer themselves. Training ends with two exams, one set by the 2 year school, the other by the industry. Passing these exams entitles students to a Certificate which is recognized by all potential employers. Since this education program was established in the early 1990s, numbers of youth employment have increased significantly. Most companies were very pleased to have skilled workers for their industry because they rely on the fact that the job experience is already there, and that they already know the students well enough to hire them based on their performance. Of course, the young skilled worker is free to go for employment in other companies if she or he wants to do so.<\/p>\n

A similar program is also established with university students based on the job profiles. Most private universities have adapted a very flexible training curricula based on industry needs. In the software field, the job profile \u201cEntry-Level Software Analyst\u201d requires certain knowledge of the software life cycle, methods, and tools as well as the technical knowledge of analyze, architect, design, build and verify a software system. In this case, students typically enroll full time in a university for 9 months and spend 3 months working as \u201cIntern\u201d in a software company. They receive salaries during the internship and usually in the last year, before graduate they have to work on a \u201cCapstone\u201d project directed by a software company to verify their skills and know ledges. By collaborate early with the software industry, students know what are needed and focus their studies on certain areas. Student in university have much more choices to guide their career than the 2 years program. They take number of required courses but have several choices on the optional courses, depend on what they want to focus on.<\/p>\n

Today, there still are many debates between private schools and state schools on the purpose, goals and mission of the new education system whether as educator must educate \u201cPure knowledge for human being\u201d or \u201cSpecific industry knowledge for workers\u201d but the fact is with the new education system, the number of youth employment is about 30% better than the general education system. It will take several years to gather enough data for a good research for conclusive results but we could use this short blog as a starting point for our discussion about the \u201cknowledge society\u201d. Of course, we can not solve all problems and there are many but I believe the collaboration between industry and education institution is the first step to improve the current education system. To have a highly skilled workforce to build our economy will allow us to actively participate in the knowledge society rather being an observer from the outside.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Khi sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac \u0111i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u l\u01b0u \u00fd v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kinh t\u1ebf, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[29,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-giao-vien","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3217"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3219,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3217\/revisions\/3219"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}