{"id":3206,"date":"2013-07-08T22:20:17","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:20:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3206"},"modified":"2013-07-08T22:20:17","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T15:20:17","slug":"xa-hoi-tri-thuc-7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3206","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c-7"},"content":{"rendered":"

Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t cho ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn l\u00e1i ch\u00ednh cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh cho t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y nay c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0o t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia nh\u01b0 ngu\u1ed3n xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ch\u00ednh cho th\u1ecbnh v\u01b0\u1ee3ng kinh t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c. Ta h\u00e3y xem Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n t\u1eeb th\u1eddi Ph\u1ee5c h\u01b0ng Minh Tr\u1ecb n\u0103m 1863. Sau khi b\u1ecb ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7n v\u00e0 b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf c\u1eeda \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc cho th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c t\u1eadp trung n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec ph\u1ea3i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1 l\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n. Sau Th\u1ebf chi\u1ebfn 2, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c b\u1ecb t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00f9ng ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 kinh t\u1ebf nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi nh\u01b0 Ghana, Mozambique v\u00e0 Angola. B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, ng\u00e0y nay H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ee9ng th\u1ee9 hai \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ch\u1ec9 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n n\u1eeda ch\u1ea5m. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y \u1edf Singapore v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan, c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ec1u tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0. Danh s\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0. T\u00e1m trong s\u1ed1 m\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u1edf M\u0129 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Brazil, v\u00e0 Argentina kh\u00f4ng thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u1eb7t c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u201cch\u1ed1t l\u1ea1i\u201d trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p h\u00e0n l\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n, tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh cho ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c. Trong nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 trong c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 50-60 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m, c\u1ea3 d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, trong khi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1\u00a0 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n chi\u1ebfm \u00edt h\u01a1n 15-20 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng. V\u1edbi t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1edfi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng h\u01a1n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a. C\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c gi\u1eefa c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c. Trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec 1995-2000, v\u1ed1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 5 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 t\u1edbi 105 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la \u1edf USA; t\u1eeb 19 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 t\u1edbi 3 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la \u1edf Anh; t\u1eeb 21 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la t\u1edbi 2 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n; t\u1eeb13 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 t\u1edbi 2 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 \u1edf \u0110\u1ee9c; t\u1eeb 8 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la t\u1edbi 1.5 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la \u1edf Ph\u00e1p. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t sinh k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u1edbi n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao (m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i, ti vi, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v.v.) trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i\u00a0 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m n\u0103m 1976 t\u1edbi 84 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m n\u0103m 2000. T\u1ed5ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y l\u00e0 1097 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la. M\u0129, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, \u0110\u1ee9c v\u00e0 Anh chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 82 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng t\u00ednh n\u0103ng then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 \u1edf s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, c\u00e1i t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 thu nh\u1eadp l\u1edbn t\u1eeb s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea3n quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ph\u00ed s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u01a1i then ch\u1ed1t trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c, nh\u01b0ng d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u tr\u00ean, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf tri th\u1ee9c, d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t minh tri th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

V\u1eady t\u1ea1i sao m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i mu\u1ed1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c? V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, c\u1ea1nh tranh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean d\u1eef d\u1ed9i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau. V\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c x\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cao \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, do v\u1eady t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd gi\u1ea7u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean ngh\u00e8o h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u t\u1eeb Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t tr\u00ean 400 l\u1ea7n gi\u1eefa GDP theo \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a Thu\u1ef5 S\u0129 v\u00e0 Mozambique.\u00a0 Ts. Jeffrey Sachs c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Harvard \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n chia b\u1edfi tuy\u1ebfn “C\u00f3” v\u00e0 “Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3” c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y ca ng\u1ee3i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111ang lan r\u1ed9ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia. Theo t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1u d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m cho m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea7n c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n l\u1edbp l\u00e0 “b\u1ecb c\u1eaft r\u1eddi v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7”\u00a0 v\u00e0 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i ra ngo\u00e0i.\u00a0 V\u1edbi ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong t\u00ednh to\u00e1n, truy\u1ec1n th\u00f4ng, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u01a1 s\u1edf nh\u01b0 th\u1ee9c \u0103n, v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n

Ts Sachs d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp sau s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn tranh d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean v\u0169 kh\u00ed m\u00e0 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 v\u0169 kh\u00ed hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n\u00a0 b\u1ecb hu\u1ef7 di\u1ec7t to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh chi\u1ebfn tranh v\u1ec1 th\u1ee9c \u0103n v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y, Ts Sachs k\u00eau g\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 th\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eadp trung trong tay c\u1ee7a v\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec3u s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1eafn v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e3 len v\u00e0o li\u00ean minh c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Singapore, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Malaysia, v\u00e0 Mexico.<\/p>\n

H\u01a1n bao gi\u1edd h\u1ebft, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng. Kh\u00f4ng ai n\u00f3i \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 cho th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp. Ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i d\u1ed3n n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u00f9ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y c\u00f3 l\u00ed do g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—–English version ——<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Knowledge Society-7<\/p>\n

In the knowledge society, people with knowledge are key factors for innovations, main drivers of economic growth, and major determinants of competitiveness in global trades. Today countries can not depend solely on natural resources as main exports for economic prosperity but must increasingly focus on the combinations of technical innovations and application of knowledge. Let us look at Japan since the Meiji Restoration in 1863. After being humiliated by foreigners and forcing to open the country for trades, Japan immediately refocuses its effort on education, especially on scientific and technological research. It should come as no surprise that today the richest and most developed country in Asia is Japan. After World War 2, Korea\u2019s economy was devastated and had the same economy index as countries of Africa such as Ghana, Mozambique and Angola. By investing in education, today S. Korea is the second most developed country in Asia, only half point below Japan. Similar situations can be found in Singapore and Taiwan, both focusing on improving education, and both become strong economic powers.<\/p>\n

A key factor in the education improvement is the emerging of the private university. The list of top university in the world consists of mostly private university. Eight out of ten top universities in the U.S are all private. Countries such as India, Brazil, and Argentina failed to gain significant returns on their investment in education because their education were \u201clocked in\u201d the state universities, with academy hierarchy that has no incentive for change. In the knowledge economy, private universities have more money, knowledge and personnel for technological innovation because they have different motivation. Among developed nations the share of the private university in the national research and development activities is 50-60 percent, both in terms of financing and carrying out when state university typically undertaking less than 15-20 percent of the activities. With better finance by the industry, better research laboratories, private universities attract better professors, better students and be able to create more successful researches with significant results. The collaboration between industries and private university is one of the key factors in the knowledge society. In the period 1995-2000, capital invested in private research increased from $ 5 billion to $ 105 billion is the USA; from $ 19 million to $ 3 billion in the UK; from $ 21 million to $ 2 billion in Japan; from $ 13 million to 2 billion in Germany; from $ 8 million to $ 1.5 billion in France. All of these researches have resulted in trillion dollars in High tech business and these products have started to account for a rapidly increasing portion of global trade. The proportion of manufactured products with high-technology content (Computer, Phones, TV, and Electronics etc.) in international trade has gone from 30 percent in 1976 to 84 percent in 2000. The total volume of high-tech products exports of the leading countries in this area was $ 1097 billion. The USA, Japan, Germany and UK accounted for 82 percent of this market.<\/p>\n

Based on these data, I believe that the key feature of the knowledge economy is the existence of an education system with research and development that enables a country to be a significant recipient of income from high tech products as well as royalty and license fees. By having capability in high technology, a country can be a key player in global trade. Although there are several definitions for knowledge society, but based on the above data, I think we can define knowledge society as a nation populated by the highly educated workforce, driven by a knowledge-economy, based on knowledge creation and inventions.<\/p>\n

So why would a country want to become a knowledge society? With globalization, competition among nations will become fierce and without knowledge and skills to keep up, some countries will be left behind. With technology advancement, some countries will take advantage of the others by dumping toxic wastes and open highly polluted manufactures in others, thus destroy their lands. Without foods and clean water, they can not survive. Some developed countries will get richer and many developing countries could become poorer and may be not able to catch up. Data from the United Nation already proved that there is over 400-fold difference between the per capita GDP of Switzerland and Mozambique.\u00a0 Dr. Jeffrey Sachs of HarvardUniversity has talked about a future world divided along the lines of technological \u201cHave\u201d and \u201cHave not\u201d. He praises the impressive advance of science and technology, but also warns about a widening gap based on technology between nations. According to his calculation, only sixth of the world\u2019s population control nearly all of the world\u2019s technological innovations, selling goods and products to about half of the world population who can consume these technologies. The remaining of the world\u2019s population is classified as \u201ctechnologically disconnected\u201d and will be excluded.\u00a0 With advance in computing, telecommunication, and biotechnology, some nations could control most of the world because they have the mean as well as the basic human needs such as foods, and clean water.<\/p>\n

Dr Sachs predicts that the next world war will not be a war based on weapons but on foods since all developed countries already have weapon of mass destruction and do not want to get to total destruction so they will wage war on foods and water. To avoid this, Dr Sachs calls on financial and technological assistance from the developed countries to the developing nations to help them cross the technological gap. Many statistics already prove his point because technological capacity is indeed concentrated in the hands of the few. Understand this fact, recently a number of countries, through judicious investments in education and creative policies, have crossed into the league of the technical elites, among them are Singapore, Korea, Malaysia, and Mexico.<\/p>\n

More than ever, I believe that investment in education is important. Nobody said it is easy but we need to do that for our next generation. We must put our efforts to create the best education system with research and development. We need to invest more in technology to have a strong educated workforce to build our economy and keep up with the global trends. If we have overcome many obstacles in the past, I do not see any reason to stop now.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t cho ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1eabn l\u00e1i ch\u00ednh cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3206","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3206"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3206\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3207,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3206\/revisions\/3207"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3206"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3206"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3206"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}