{"id":3203,"date":"2013-07-08T21:19:28","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T14:19:28","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3203"},"modified":"2013-07-08T21:19:28","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T14:19:28","slug":"tuong-lai-cua-quan-li-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3203","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1edd th\u1eddi thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n quay l\u1ea1i, c\u1ea1nh tranh s\u1ebd tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t h\u01a1n. Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u01a1i c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a bi\u1ebft t\u1edbi. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, kinh doanh c\u00f2n t\u1ed1t, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3 l\u1ecfng, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n vi\u1ec7c n\u00e2ng cao n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho th\u1eddi k\u00ec x\u1ea5u. Cho n\u00ean khi th\u1eddi k\u00ec x\u1ea5u t\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean h\u1ecd l\u00e0m l\u00e0 c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed nhanh ch\u00f3ng. V\u00ec chi ph\u00ed nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, h\u1ecd bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ee3 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ch\u1edd th\u1eddi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n quay l\u1ea1i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i tin l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111i theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u00fang, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u00e0i n\u0103m k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb b\u00e2y gi\u1edd, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd c\u00f3 “c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 c\u1ea1nh tranh” cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111i chi\u1ebfm l\u1ea5y th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00fac m\u00e0 k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c m\u1edbi nh\u1eadn ra b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t c\u1ea3nh gi\u00e1c. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m g\u00ec ngo\u00e0i ch\u1edd th\u1eddi s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng m\u1ea5t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 kinh doanh. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u qui t\u1eafc to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o: \u201cK\u1ebb l\u1edbn s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i k\u1ebb nh\u1ecf, nh\u01b0ng k\u1ebb nhanh S\u1ebc \u0111\u00e1nh b\u1ea1i k\u1ebb ch\u1eadm.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u1eady th\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec trong th\u1eddi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y? T\u00f4i tin v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, nhi\u1ec1u\u00a0 \u0111i\u1ec1u s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 qui t\u1eafc kinh doanh v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. \u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ea7n ngh\u0129 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 phong c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. C\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00e0i l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean:<\/p>\n

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  1. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, tri th\u1ee9c, n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi (ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng). Kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, m\u00e0 b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec quan tr\u1ecdng trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u00edch \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/li>\n
  2. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i thu th\u1eadp \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t danh s\u00e1ch. \u0110i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y trong nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ef1c k\u00ec gi\u1ecfi. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hay phi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt.<\/li>\n
  3. V\u1edbi t\u1eebng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u201cvai tr\u00f2 l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, gi\u00f3ng th\u1eb3ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m (\u0111am m\u00ea) v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt b\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti.<\/li>\n
  4. \u00c1nh x\u1ea1 c\u00e1c \u201cvai tr\u00f2 l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d n\u00e0y v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u00f2ng ban, t\u1ed5 hay nh\u00f3m. T\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00ean c\u00f3 vai tr\u00f2, tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m, k\u0129 n\u0103ng, \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1ee9 m\u1ec7nh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u1ea5y hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5.<\/li>\n
  5. Tr\u00e1nh vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u00e0 thay v\u00ec th\u1ebf, \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, tr\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n c\u1ea5p v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac m\u1edbi n\u00e0y th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t khi ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh th\u1ecb tru\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng chi ph\u1ed1i nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. Thay v\u00ec t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5, b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 gh\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o. Thay v\u00ec thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c t\u1eeb tr\u00ean xu\u1ed1ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 n\u00f3 ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 t\u1eeb d\u01b0\u1edbi l\u00ean. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd \u0111em ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c thay v\u00ec \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd l\u00e0m c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0i l\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t t\u1eeb t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. T\u00f4i tin c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi.<\/p>\n

    M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e2y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eafm c\u0169ng l\u00e0 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng ho\u00e1. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ng\u00e0y nay \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Harvard, Stanford, MIT v\u00e0 Carnegie Mellon. Trong c\u1ea1nh tranh cao c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n nh\u01b0ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng theo ni\u1ec1m \u0111am m\u00ea c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1edbi. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn c\u0169 v\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1edfng (ti\u1ec1n) hay n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u00e1i t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac nh\u01b0 d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9. \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u01a1i thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean l\u00e0 cao, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t k\u00ec khi n\u00e0o h\u1ecd th\u1ea5y c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111em tri th\u1ee9c \u0111i theo m\u00ecnh. C\u00f4ng ti m\u1ea5t nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n h\u1ecd. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian, ti\u1ec1n b\u1ea1c v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf ch\u1eadm, vi\u1ec7c thay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 s\u1ebd kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf qui m\u00f4 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, kh\u00f4ng \u1edf qui m\u00f4 qu\u1ed1c gia. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1eadm th\u00edch nghi \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng s\u1ed1ng s\u00f3t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 trong x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ai s\u1ebd s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n v\u00e0 ai kh\u00f4ng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 phong c\u00e1ch qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi; c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u00edch l\u1ee3i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed chu\u1ea9n, n\u01a1i v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gh\u00e9p h\u1ecd v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng vai tr\u00f2 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 b\u00e1nh xe nh\u1ecf trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n l\u1eafp r\u00e1p l\u1edbn.\u00a0 Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng cho ph\u00e9p m\u00ecnh b\u1ecb gh\u00e9p v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee9ng nh\u1eafc nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho n\u00ean ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 qui t\u1eafc qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u:<\/p>\n

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh h\u01a1n m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 kh\u00f3 tin v\u1ec1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd nhanh h\u01a1n c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.<\/p>\n

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nh\u1eefng c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u s\u1ebd ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m khan hi\u1ebfm, ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1eed th\u00e1ch gay go h\u01a1n, l\u00e0m th\u00eam gi\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi, v\u00e0 ti\u00eau hao nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u1eddi c\u1ed5 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u phi l\u00ed m\u1eb7c cho l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u c\u00f3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a g\u00ec hay kh\u00f4ng, cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 nhanh h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa n\u00f3 v\u1ec1 sau.<\/p>\n

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh trong th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

    6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao s\u1ebd b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 phong c\u00e1ch m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

    7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn s\u1ebd l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti th\u00edch \u1ee9ng nh\u1ea5t s\u1ebd chi ph\u1ed1i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

    8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Kinh doanh c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao trong \u201cph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5\u201d;<\/p>\n

    9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd t\u1eadp trung nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 \u00edt v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh do ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 trong c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    ———English version——<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Future of software management<\/p>\n

    In time of financial crisis like today, many people tend NOT to make any important decision and wait for better time. I think it is a mistake because when better economy return, competition will become more severe. We are living in a globalized world where competitions are happening from everywhere, including from unknown competitors. In past few years, business was good, many companies were relaxing, and they did not consistently pursue productivity enhancements to be ready for bad times. So when bad time comes, the first thing they do is cut costs quickly. Since resource costs are often the most significant, they always cut people jobs and that will bring low morale for their employees. Everybody is afraid and does not want to do anything so they wait for better time return. However, I believe this time when economy begin to move to the right direction, probably few years from now, some companies will have \u201ccompetitive things\u201d that allow them to move quickly to capture the market when others will be caught off-guard. Companies that not do anything but wait will not be able to compete and eventually lose the market and the business. This is what globalization rule has dictated: \u201cThe big will NOT beat the small, but the fast WILL beat the slow\u201d.<\/p>\n

    So what should a company do in this time of crisis? I believe with the current trends, many things will change, including business rules and management methods. To prepare for the future, senior manager needs to think differently about employees, roles and job descriptions. It will require changes in management method and styles. The new management will focus more on understand their people than technology and this is a new skill today, especially in the software industry. Following are some advises:<\/p>\n

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Manager must know their employees\u2019 skills, knowledge, capabilities and what they really care about (Their passion in life). Not just technology-related, but anything important in their life for example, if they likes music then you must know about it.<\/p>\n

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Manager must gather the strengths of their employees into a list. Strength is found in thing someone does exceedingly well. It could be technical or non-technical things.<\/p>\n

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 For each employee, define an \u201cideal role\u201d that aligns what they really care (Passions) and strengths with technical activities within the work of the company.<\/p>\n

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Map these \u201cIdeal roles\u201d into departments, teams, or groups. Each should have well defined roles, responsibilities, skills, strengths and a clear mission so it is obvious to the members why they are part of the team.<\/p>\n

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Avoid creating independent functional groups but instead, let the relationships between these groups be defined by the needs of the company. In other words, avoid permanent hierarchies and allow this new structure to be more adaptable to change, especially when market conditions change.<\/p>\n

    This new approach will prevent the dominant functionality view as seen in the past. Instead of finding people to fill positions, you find positions to attach to people. Instead of designing an organizational structure top-down, you let it evolves from bottom up. Instead of putting employees into rigid roles, you let them construct their own boundaries. As senior manager, you must allow them to engage their passions into their works rather than force them to do something irrelevant to their passions. If senior manager can implement this new approach, they would get at least several times in productivity improvement from their teams. I believe this new management approach would be better to manage in the time of the current financial crisis.<\/p>\n

    People may think that this is much an ideal situation from an idealist. Actually this is the new management methods, being taught today at top universities such as Harvard, Stanford, MIT and Carnegie Mellon. In the highly competition of global market, companies need knowledge and skills to survive but knowledge and skills belong to the workers so treating workers according to their passion is the new management method. This is a better approach than the old method of reward (Monetary) or attempt to reorganize the structure as the assembly-line that we have seen in the past. For the software industry where employee turnover is high, people change jobs whenever they find something better and they take their knowledge with them. Company that loses the skills and knowledge must hire new people and train them. It takes time, money and efforts to replace skilled persons. In the slow economy, replacing people is acceptable and possible but with the fast changing environment of globalization, things will be different because competition happens at the global scale, not national scale. If company is slow to adapt to change, it will not survive and in the knowledge society, skills and knowledge are the key factors that determine who will survive and who will not. By having different style of management that focusing on what people really care about; companies can achieve more benefits than the standard management method, where a few managers can manage a large group of unskilled people by fitting them into certain roles just like small wheels in a large assembly-line production.\u00a0 Today most workers have the essential knowledge and skills and they will not allow to be fitted in rigid roles like unskilled workers so management method and rules must change to accommodate this trend. Based on several researches at top universities, following are some predictions that software companies may encounter:<\/p>\n

    1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The challenges will be increasing more rapidly than people can master them.<\/p>\n

    2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The incredible rate of technology change and demands will be faster than the way many companies operate.<\/p>\n

    3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Feature competitions among leading companies will consume scarce software resources, destroying smaller companies.<\/p>\n

    4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Unprepared companies will encounter more hardships, more overtime, low morale, burnout, and high attrition. Many old time managers would continue to impose unreasonable schedule whether or not the schedule really meant anything, so people have to do things faster but do not have time to build quality into products and eventually have to fix it afterwards.<\/p>\n

    5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 The lack of an established software engineering skills and best practices will leave many companies without the capability to meet their challenges and unable to compete in a global trades.<\/p>\n

    6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Managers who do not have the skills to make employees feel appreciated will be replaced by new style of managers.<\/p>\n

    7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Improvement with leading-edge technologies will change productivities, quality and most adaptable companies will dominate the market.<\/p>\n

    8.\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0The business of software market will change significantly with more opportunities for highly skilled companies in \u201csoftware as a services\u201d;<\/p>\n

    9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Training of software will focus more on architecture, design and integration and less on programming due to advancing in programming languages.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    V\u00e0o th\u1eddi k\u00ec kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh nh\u01b0 ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0a ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh quan tr\u1ecdng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ch\u1edd … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3203","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-he-thong-tin","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3203","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3203"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3203\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3205,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3203\/revisions\/3205"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3203"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3203"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3203"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}