{"id":3191,"date":"2013-07-08T20:37:07","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T13:37:07","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3191"},"modified":"2013-07-08T20:37:07","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T13:37:07","slug":"quan-li-rui-ro-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3191","title":{"rendered":"Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro"},"content":{"rendered":"

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n bao g\u1ed3m x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ee7i ro, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t r\u1ee7i ro, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a r\u1ee7i ro, cung c\u1ea5p \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 chung cu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro, th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a r\u1ee7i ro, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, trao \u0111\u1ed5i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i r\u1ee7i ro gi\u00fap cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1eabn \u1edf tr\u00ean ng\u1ecdn c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. \u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 r\u1ee7i ro k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, r\u1ee7i ro nh\u00e2n s\u1ef1 v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh r\u1ee7i ro chung c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 duy nh\u1ea5t cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u l\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra t\u1eeb d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00edch trong nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro duy nh\u1ea5t n\u00e0y. B\u1ea3ng r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng trong vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c r\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ebf n\u00e0o v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1ebd l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft r\u1ee7i ro. R\u1ee7i ro c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hay r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ebd g\u00e2y ra t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ngl\u1edbn n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quan s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. R\u1ee7i ro c\u00e0ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 s\u1edbm, t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ecb ph\u00ed t\u1ed5n.<\/p>\n

\u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf qua l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u00fang m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau kh\u00f4ng. R\u1ea5t th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u0169ng s\u1ebd n\u1ea3y sinh. Nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00fang \u0111\u1eb7t ra c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng cho l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0o r\u1ee7i ro kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00fang h\u1ea1n. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi, qui tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7. Vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan kh\u00f4ng m\u1ea5t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch ch\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

K\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u1eef m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n then ch\u1ed1t trong kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t c\u1ea3 hai khi \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, th\u1eddi gian, chi ph\u00ed hay ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u m\u1eb7c c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. \u01afu ti\u00ean c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n r\u1ee7i ro, th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00fang, x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p, l\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Qui tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u1edbi \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi x\u1ea3y t\u1edbi tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n

R\u1ee7i\u00a0 ro x\u1ea3y ra trong m\u1ecdi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ba v\u00ed d\u1ee5 minh ho\u1ea1 cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi r\u1ee7i ro.<\/p>\n

1) C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng: R\u1ee7i ro ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y nh\u00e0 m\u1edbi. Th\u1eddi gian c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 th\u1ea7u th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n kh\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra r\u1ee7i ro n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 n\u00fat th\u1eaft c\u1ed5 chai. N\u1ebfu m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m n\u1ec1n m\u00f3ng kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 c\u1ed9t, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00e1i. Nh\u1eefng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u00e0y n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh s\u1edbm nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u khi c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

2) C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4: R\u1ee7i ro thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n

Tin t\u1ee9c g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ebf n\u00e0o l\u00ean c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u xe l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y; nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 xe h\u01a1i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Nh\u1eefng r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o nh\u01b0ng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 v\u00e0 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

3) Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1ed1c : R\u1ee7i ro th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qui tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro l\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c v\u1edbi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n thu\u1ed1c v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh cao. N\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng. Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3ng r\u1ee7i ro cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
\u00a0<\/b><\/td>\n\n

R\u1ee7i ro<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

X\u00e1c su\u1ea5t<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

L\u01b0u \u00fd<\/b><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

1<\/b><\/td>\n\u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5p<\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/td>\n55%<\/td>\nG\u0103ng<\/td>\n\u01af\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch c\u1ee1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
2<\/b><\/td>\nNg\u00e2n qu\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 15%<\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

40%<\/td>\nL\u1edbn<\/td>\nCh\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m b\u1edbt d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean danh s\u00e1ch \u01b0u ti\u00ean..<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

3<\/b><\/td>\nD\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p<\/b><\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/td>\n45%<\/td>\nG\u0103ng<\/td>\nPh\u1ea7n ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u00ecnh dung ra. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh vi\u1ec7c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u.<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
4<\/b><\/td>\nH\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi<\/b><\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7<\/td>\n85%<\/td>\nG\u0103ng<\/td>\nNg\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi m\u00e0 s\u1ebd l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 l\u00fac kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
5<\/b><\/td>\nNhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tham gia<\/b><\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

35%<\/td>\nL\u1edbn<\/td>\nS\u1ebd kh\u00f3 l\u00e0m h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u0103ng gi\u00e1ng l\u1edbn.<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
6<\/b><\/td>\nNhu c\u1ea7u th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i<\/b><\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

25%<\/td>\nL\u1edbn<\/td>\nNhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i s\u1edbm. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c.<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
7<\/b><\/td>\nThay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9<\/b><\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro con ng\u01b0\u1eddi<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\nL\u1edbn<\/td>\nVi\u1ec7c thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng cao v\u00e0o t\u1eebng l\u00fac nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t.<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
8<\/b><\/td>\nThay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea1m vi\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng<\/td>\n75%<\/td>\nG\u0103ng<\/td>\nB\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan tham gia n\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro thay \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e0 cao. Qui tr\u00ecnh thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft r\u1ee7i ro n\u00e0y.<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
9<\/b><\/td>\nPh\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o chuy\u1ec3n giao ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng<\/b><\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n

 <\/td>\n

30%<\/td>\nG\u0103ng<\/td>\nC\u00f3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng l\u00e0 g\u0103ng cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n n\u00e0y. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ch\u1eadm tr\u1ec5 trong chuy\u1ec3n giao, l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh.<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
10<\/b><\/td>\nPh\u1ea7n kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0<\/b><\/td>\nR\u1ee7i ro d\u1ef1 \u00e1n<\/td>\n35%<\/td>\nL\u1edbn<\/td>\nD\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho n\u00ean r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c li\u1ec7t k\u00ea d\u01b0\u1edbi th\u1ea5p s\u1ebd nh\u00e2n l\u00ean trong th\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1ee7i ro..<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/i><\/b><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/b><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Risk Management<\/p>\n

Risk management plays a key role in determining a software project\u2019s success.\u00a0 A large part of managing a project consists of determining risks, planning prevention measures, monitoring risks, and dealing with changes.\u00a0\u00a0 By understanding risk management, project manager can avoid and reduce the impact of risks, provide better schedule and budget estimations and ultimately increase customer satisfaction.<\/p>\n

Risk management consists of identifying risks, assessing consequences of risks, determining solutions, and taking action.\u00a0 Along with these steps, continuous communication and risk tracking helps project managers stay on top of changes.\u00a0 In order to identify risks, managers can consider typical software project issues such as technical risks, personnel risks and estimation risks.\u00a0 In addition to common risks there can be specific risks unique to a project.\u00a0 Any historical data or lessons learned from similar projects can be helpful in identifying these unique risks.\u00a0 A risk table can be useful in assessing how likely risks will occur and how big the impact would be.\u00a0 Based on this information, plans can be made to mitigate and handle the risks.\u00a0 Risks that are likely to occur or risks that will cause a great deal of impact should be watched closely and addressed as early as possible.\u00a0 The earlier that risks are mitigated, the less costly the impact.<\/p>\n

Estimation risks are commonplace in software projects because it is difficult to accurately predict how long development will take.\u00a0 A project manager can track the actual progress versus the schedule to determine if the project is on target.\u00a0 Most likely changes in requirements will occur and issues with development will arise as well.\u00a0 These changes are part of risk management because they place a strain on the schedule and put the project at risk for not being completed on time.\u00a0 In order to deal with the inevitable requirement changes, a change control process needs to be in place.\u00a0 This ensures that changes are carefully monitored and stakeholders don\u2019t lose sight of main goals.<\/p>\n

Negotiation skills play a key part in a project manager\u2019s ability to handle changes.\u00a0 A project manager must balance employee satisfaction and customer satisfaction by considering both when evaluating requirement and schedule changes.\u00a0 Changes may be addressed by adjusting resources, time, cost or functionality.\u00a0 This requires bargaining with the customer and perhaps employees to determine the best solution.\u00a0 Priorities must also be determined to develop an updated realistic plan.<\/p>\n

Though software project managers encounter changes and issues because of the complex nature of software development they can use risk management skills to prevent issues and handle them.\u00a0 This includes identifying risks, assessing them, determining solutions, taking action and constantly monitoring the project.\u00a0\u00a0 This risk management process along with good estimation and negotiation skills enables project managers to deal with the inevitable changes that come up along the way.<\/p>\n

Risk happened in every field, not just software. Here are three examples that illustrate the problems associated with risk.<\/p>\n

1)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Construction industry:\u00a0 Dependency risks<\/b><\/p>\n

Construction projects often consist of many specialized contractors who work together to build a new house.\u00a0 The contractors\u2019 timelines often depend on other workers which can create risk if there is a bottleneck.\u00a0 If people work on the foundation is not finish, you can not build walls and without walls and columns, you can not put on the roof These dependencies should be determined as early as possible and monitored in order to adjust the schedule as necessary.<\/p>\n

2)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>\u00a0Automobile industry: \u00a0Market change risks<\/b><\/p>\n

Recent news has shown how market changes have impacted the automobile industries\u2019 projects.\u00a0 Though large vehicles have been popular in the recent years; the demand for fuel efficient cars has increased.\u00a0 These risks are particularly difficult to predict but they can have a huge impact and should be monitored and addressed if possible.<\/p>\n

3)\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>\u00a0Pharmaceutical research and development :\u00a0 Experimentation risks<\/b><\/p>\n

Implementing a risk management process is challenging for pharmaceutical research and development projects because there are high degrees of complexity and uncertainty.\u00a0 Effort can be put towards proofs of concept that may or may not be used.\u00a0 These attempts can be difficult to predict and easily change costs and schedules.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

    \n
  1. 1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b>Example for Risk table for a software project . <\/b><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
     <\/td>\nRisk<\/td>\nCategory<\/td>\nProbability<\/td>\nImpact<\/td>\nNotes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    1<\/td>\nSize estimates may be low<\/td>\nProject risk<\/td>\n55%<\/td>\nCritical<\/td>\n\u00a0Sizes estimates may need to be adjusted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2<\/td>\nFunding may be reduced by 15%<\/td>\nCustomer risk<\/td>\n40%<\/td>\nSignificant<\/td>\n\u00a0Functionality may need to be reduced based on a prioritized list.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3<\/td>\nComplex project<\/td>\nTechnology risk<\/td>\n45%<\/td>\nCritical<\/td>\n\u00a0Complex parts of the software may take time to figure out. This may result in adjusting the schedule.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    4<\/td>\nLearning new technology<\/td>\nTechnology risk<\/td>\n85%<\/td>\nCritical<\/td>\nDevelopers will be learning new technology which will slow down progress initially.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    5<\/td>\nMany stakeholders involved<\/td>\nCustomer risk<\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n

    		35%<\/td>\nSignificant<\/td>\nIt will be difficult to please all stakeholders and requirements may fluctuate greatly.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    6<\/td>\nMarket demand may change<\/td>\nBusiness Impact risk<\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n

    		25%<\/td>\nSignificant<\/td>\nThe demand for certain project management software may change soon.\u00a0 This may result in different functional requirements.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    7<\/td>\nStaff turnover<\/td>\nPeople risk<\/td>\n15%<\/td>\nSignificant<\/td>\nThe staff turnover is not high at the moment but it is a risk that should be monitored.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    8<\/td>\nScope creep<\/td>\nEstimation risk<\/td>\n75%<\/td>\nCritical<\/td>\nBecause there are so many stakeholders involved the risk for scope creep is high.\u00a0 A good change process can help with this risk.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    9<\/td>\nExternal dependency on hardware delivery<\/td>\nBusiness Impact risk<\/p>\n

     <\/td>\n

    		30%<\/td>\nCritical<\/td>\nThere is a hardware dependency that is critical to this project.\u00a0 If there is a delay in delivery, the schedule will have to be adjusted.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    10<\/td>\nOutsourcing part of the project<\/td>\nProject risk<\/td>\n35%<\/td>\nSignificant<\/td>\nPart of the project is outsourced so the risk listed below will factor into the risk assessment.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

     <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3191","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3191","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3191"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3191\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3192,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3191\/revisions\/3192"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3191"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3191"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3191"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}