{"id":3178,"date":"2013-07-08T20:26:04","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T13:26:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3178"},"modified":"2013-07-08T20:26:04","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T13:26:04","slug":"gui-sinh-vien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3178","title":{"rendered":"G\u1eedi sinh vi\u00ean"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n sinh vi\u00ean th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn,<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n kh\u00f3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai h\u00f4m nay h\u01a1n khi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh h\u01a1n \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00f5 tr\u00ean b\u00e0n ph\u00edm. V\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, d\u1ea7u gi\u00e1 $130 m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng n\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00ean t\u1edbi $150 r\u1ed3i t\u1edbi $200. V\u00e0i ng\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc, d\u1ea7u gi\u00e1 qu\u00e3ng $60 m\u1ed9t th\u00f9ng v\u00e0 ch\u1eb3ng ai n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 d\u1ea7u ch\u00fat n\u00e0o n\u1eefa. H\u00f4m nay ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 “ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4” M\u0129 v\u00e0 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n s\u1eafp t\u1edbi t\u1eeb gi\u1edd, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi n\u00e0o n\u00f3 s\u1ebd k\u1ebft th\u00fac. B\u1edfi s\u1ef1 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a suy tho\u00e1i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p d\u1eebng chi ti\u00eau cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee3i ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u00fat l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Khi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 v\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n. C\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1eebng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u00f3p m\u00e9o t\u01b0 duy c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n; \u0111\u1eebng ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eebng ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u00e1i qu\u00e1. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, ngay c\u1ea3 trong th\u1eddi gian kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean kh\u00f4n ngoan h\u01a1n trong th\u1eddi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111ang s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ea7n m\u1eabn trong nh\u1eefng th\u1eddi thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. D\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1ecb tr\u00e0n ng\u1eadp b\u1edfi bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 n\u00e0y, b\u1edfi \u0111\u00e1m m\u00e2y \u0111en bao ph\u1ee7 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i t\u00ecm ra l\u00f2ng d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp m\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m nay b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u00e2y gi\u1edd s\u1ebd x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn l\u1ea1i trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ngo\u1eb7t sang c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 bu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng c\u00e1i m\u1edbi v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. Sau cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i c\u1ee7a M\u0129 n\u0103m 1979, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. Sau cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i “dot-com” c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 2001, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed k\u00e9m \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb lo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea1nh th\u00eam c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Amazon, eBay v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti m\u1edbi nh\u01b0 Google. Cho n\u00ean l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u00f4i l\u1ea1c quan r\u1eb1ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng canh t\u00e2n m\u1edbi, \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, c\u00f4ng ti m\u1edbi, nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y. V\u00ec cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y l\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ebd kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed3i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 v.v. nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi n\u1ed5i l\u00ean v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u1edf M\u0129 hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 canh t\u00e2n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 “v\u00f4 danh ti\u1ec3u t\u1ed1t” l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y v\u00e0i n\u0103m s\u1eafp t\u1edbi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n k\u00ec di\u1ec7u m\u00e0 s\u1ebd thay \u0111\u1ed5i to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh vi\u00ean Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e1ng gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nay. B\u1ea5t k\u00ec cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o c\u0169ng l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch v\u01b0\u1ee3t qua n\u00f3. M\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i, ba sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Stanford \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft ra m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201c\u0110\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm\u201d trong k\u00ed t\u00fac x\u00e1 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u201cGoogle.\u201d Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, trong cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i kh\u00e1c, hai sinh vi\u00ean Harvard \u0111\u00e3 m\u01a1 t\u1ea1o ra \u201ch\u1ec7 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n r\u1ed3i g\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti hai ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201cMicrosoft.\u201d T\u00f4i ch\u1eafc c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra cho \u201cGoogle\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cMicrosoft\u201d c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1ng l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang \u1edf ch\u1ed7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, n\u01a1i c\u00e1c bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1edbn t\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 chung cu\u1ed9c t\u1edbi to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1edfi v\u00ec to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 r\u1ed3i. Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c x\u00ec h\u01a1i gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng kho\u00e1n c\u1ee7a M\u0129 nh\u01b0ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh M\u0129, h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng khi gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n gi\u1ea3m \u0111i v\u00e0 k\u00e9o xu\u1ed1ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Cho n\u00ean trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb xo\u00e1 s\u1ed5 nh\u01b0ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng mi\u1ec1n n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. T\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang trong “th\u1eddi k\u00ec ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3\u201d n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1eaft chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed \u00edt h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang ra l\u1ec7nh nh\u01b0: Kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea th\u00eam ng\u01b0\u1eddi, kh\u00f4ng th\u00eam thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi, kh\u00f4ng gia h\u1ea1n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng, gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n then ch\u1ed1t h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c duy tr\u00ec. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1ecdi doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 \u0111em ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 cho n\u00ean sau “th\u1eddi k\u00ec ho\u1ea3ng s\u1ee3\u201d c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd chuy\u1ec3n sang \u201cth\u1eddi k\u00ec \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d n\u01a1i h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed \u201cm\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch d\u1ef1 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m l\u00e0m nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cho n\u00ean sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng \u201cPh\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 -Software as a Service\u201d (SaaS) thay v\u00ec mua ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi v\u00e0 trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ngay c\u1ea3 trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y; c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Salefore.com v\u1eabn l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t cho n\u00ean \u201cmi\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng\u201d s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5\u201d v\u00e0 t\u00f4i khuy\u00ean l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. \u201cMi\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng\u201d kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1ed5i l\u00ean m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cNgu\u1ed3n m\u1edf\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 do. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi. \u201cMi\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng\u201d th\u1ee9 ba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cWeb 2.0\u201d n\u01a1i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5; c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf n\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng web (Xem b\u00e0i b\u00e1o c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 Web 2.0). \u201cMi\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng\u201d kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro.\u201d Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh bu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 ngh\u0129 l\u1ea1i chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 can thi\u1ec7p khi c\u1ea7n. L\u00ed do cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u1edf ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng; nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro. H\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thu th\u1eadp th\u00f4ng tin r\u1ee7i ro hay kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m r\u1ee7i ro hay ki\u1ec3m to\u00e1n t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh cho n\u00ean qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed3i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 lu\u00e2n \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 t\u1eeb gi\u1edd tr\u1edf \u0111i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u th\u00f4ng tin h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng ti, v\u1ec1 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111o. \u0110\u00e2y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi. \u201cMi\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng\u201d ti\u1ebfp s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u201cKho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed. V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n ai \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb th\u1ea3i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0m, cho n\u00ean gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p logic l\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. T\u00f4i tin trong suy tho\u00e1i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt h\u01a1n.\u00a0 \u201cMi\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng\u201d kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin\u201d (MIS) b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin nh\u01b0 \u201cTrinh s\u00e1t doanh nghi\u1ec7p,\u201d qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 r\u1ee7i ro v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c n\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 tin t\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed th\u00f4ng tin li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng trong th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n l\u00e0 qua gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u1ea5t v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n hay v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng. V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0y c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y tr\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng n\u00e0o s\u1ebd c\u1eaft b\u1edbt kinh doanh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh kho \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m thi\u1ec3u t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin n\u1ed9i b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho ph\u00e2n t\u00edch r\u1ee7i ro nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 ph\u00f2ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh MIS v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao t\u00f4i tin trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh MIS s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean. \u201cMi\u1ec1n n\u00f3ng\u201d kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p Agile\u201d (SCRUM hay L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ef1c \u0111oan) b\u1edfi v\u00ec v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean (ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ti\u1ec1n), c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn k\u00e9o d\u00e0i v\u00e0i n\u0103m m\u00e0 chia nh\u1ecf ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gia t\u0103ng cho n\u00ean Agile s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a. T\u00f4i khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0y (t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u blog v\u1ec1 Agile v\u1ec1 sau).<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n cho d\u00f9 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. V\u1eady m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ec3 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb t\u00ea li\u1ec7t b\u1edfi s\u1ee3 h\u00e3i v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i. \u0110\u00e3 \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00fac cho m\u1ecdi sinh vi\u00ean ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 d\u0169ng c\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00fang. Khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 tr\u1edf n\u00ean kh\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7t, sinh vi\u00ean n\u00ean ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1eddi k\u00ec x\u1ea5u l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1eddi k\u00ec t\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfp theo.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—–English version——<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

To students<\/p>\n

Dear Students,<\/p>\n

Some of you ask me about the global financial crisis and worry about what will happen when you graduate. Of course, it is difficult to predict the future. It is even more difficult to predict the future today as the world is changing faster than what people can type on the key board. Few months ago, oil costs $130 a barrel and people predicted that it would reach $150 then to $200. Few days ago, oil costs about $60 a barrel and nobody is talking about oil anymore. Today the topic is the U.S \u201cautomobile industry\u201d and probably few weeks from now, it could be another topic. The global financial crisis has impacted every country, every industry, everybody, everything and nobody can predict when it would end. Because the severity of the recession, most industries stop spending so we can expect the software industry would do the same. Software budget would be reducing by some percentage, and the next thing would be more cost reductions.<\/p>\n

As many of you look into the future and it does not look good. It is okay to feel uncomfortable. We are all feeling uncomfortable because this is challenging time. But do not let it distort your thinking; do not get panic, and do not overreact. You must be strong, even in this time of crisis. You must believe that you will survive and emerge wiser into the better times that are to come. You must continue to study hard in these changing times. During the next few years, your goals should be learning, improving your knowledge and that will help you on the path to long-term success. It is easy to be overwhelmed by the event, by the dark cloud that covers ahead. You must find the courage to look beyond the immediate situation toward the better future. You must know that your learning is the most important investment that you make today because what you decide now will define your future.<\/p>\n

If you look back in history, you will find that financial crisis tends to be a turning point for something because it forces people to create new ideas, new things and new industries. After the U.S recession of 1979, there was the emerging of the personal computer industry. After the “dot-com” recession of 2001, many poorly managed companies were eliminated but it also strengthened companies such as Amazon, eBay and created new companies such as Google. So as a software professional, I am optimistic that there will be new innovations, new ideas, new companies; new industries emerge from this crisis. Since this financial crisis is global, I think we will see different a turning point that could end some poorly managed businesses such as the financial services, the banking industries, the stock markets, the automotive industries etc. but there will be many new ideas, new industries emerge and they may come not be in the U.S or Europe. Maybe an \u201cunknown\u201d Indian innovator is working on something that will change the industry few years from now. Maybe a Chinese scientist is working on a miracle algorithms that would change the entire software industry in the next few years. Maybe some Vietnamese students are working on ideas that will create a company that worth million dollars few years from now. Any crisis is also an opportunity, if you know how to overcome it. Ten years ago, during the recession, three StanfordUniversity students wrote a \u201cSearch engine\u201d program in their dormitory and created \u201cGoogle\u201d. Thirty years ago, during another recession, two Harvard students dreamed of creating an \u201coperating system\u201d that can be used on a personal computer then called their two-person company \u201cMicrosoft\u201d. I am sure you all know what happened to \u201cGoogle\u201d and \u201cMicrosoft\u201d as well as their founders.<\/p>\n

We are at the beginning of the globalization era, where events in one place also have significant impact on other places and eventually the whole world because the whole world is fully connected. The current crisis started with the deflation of values in the U.S housing and stock markets but because so many countries invested in U.S banks and financial services, they all felt the impact as the assets value decreased and dragged the entire global economy down. So in this crisis, many companies will not survive, some industries may be eliminated but there will be areas that emerge stronger and better. At this time, the software industry is in the \u201cPanic period\u201d where people cut costs and try to do more with less. Software managers are giving orders such as: No more hiring, no new equipments, no new upgrade, no renewal of contracts, reduce number of projects, only key projects that support business can be maintained. However, every business still needs the support of information technology to operate and bring in money so after the \u201cPanic period\u201d companies will transition to the \u201cStabilize period\u201d where they will make decisions on how to achieve the goal of reduce costs \u201cpro-actively\u201d.<\/p>\n

I have spent several years doing research on technology trends so following is my best guess: To reduce costs, many companies will use \u201cSoftware as a Service\u201d (SaaS) rather than buy new software and new equipments. I did some reviews and found that even in this crisis; company such as Salefore.com is still doing well so the \u201cHot area\u201d would be \u201cSoftware as a Service\u201d and I recommend that students pay attention to this field. Another \u201cHot area\u201d that may emerge stronger could be \u201cOpen source\u201d because it is free. This is another area that students may also want to pay attention. The third \u201cHot area\u201d could be \u201cWeb 2.0\u201d where there are many tools; programs that company could utilize and replace their current platforms with the web (See my articles on Web 2.0). Another \u201cHot area\u201d that many companies will focus is \u201cRisk management.\u201d The financial crisis forces every company to change the way they manage risks and to re-think their risk strategies. Their mitigation plans will focus more on providing information in real time so management can intervene when needed. The reason for this global crisis was the banking; housing and financial industries did not have risk management. They did not collect risk information or created risk mitigation plan. Many did not even have risks reviews or financial audits so the mismanagement and unethical practices happened with no management oversight. I think from now on, business owners and governments will demand more information about company finances, operations, decisions, and metrics. This would be another area that students need to pay attention. The next \u201cHot area\u201d would be \u201cSoftware outsourcing\u201d to reduce costs. Since company already laid-off people but they still need someone do the jobs that their laid-off people used to do, so the logical solution is to outsource more to lower cost countries. I believe in the recession, most companies will outsource more, not less.\u00a0 Another \u201cHot area\u201d could be the \u201cManagement of Information System\u201d (MIS) because every company must use information system to detect changes, make better decisions and communicate direction to people in the company and to government. By using information system tools such as \u201cBusiness Intelligence\u201d, senior manager can identify which organization has the risk and which do not. For example, business intelligence tools could provide management with information regarding market change in real time rather than a slow paperwork that may take weeks or months. With these tools management can anticipate which customers will cut back their business and adjust the inventory to minimize loss. These kinds of decisions require highly skilled workers to analyze a wide range of internal and external information to support rapid risk analysis and contingency planning. That is the skills taught in most MIS program and this is why I believe in the next few years, the MIS program would be students\u2019 favorite. Another \u201cHot Area\u201d is the \u201cAgile methods\u201d (SCRUM or Extreme Programming) because the reducing in resources (people and money), companies can not afford to do large projects that last several years but break them into many smaller projects using incremental development so Agile would be the method of choice. I recommend that students learn and practice this method (I will have more Agile Blogs later).<\/p>\n

To summary, I have made some predictions even knowing that it is difficult to predict the future. Yet I do not want to let this crisis make students paralyze with fear and feel uncomfortable. It is time for all students to continue their studies and have the courage to make the right decisions. When things get tough, students should make tough decision because bad times are the beginning of the next good times.<\/p>\n

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C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n sinh vi\u00ean th\u00e2n m\u1ebfn, M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 lo ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3178","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3178","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3178"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3178\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3180,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3178\/revisions\/3180"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3178"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3178"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3178"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}