{"id":3175,"date":"2013-07-08T20:23:44","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T13:23:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3175"},"modified":"2013-07-08T20:23:44","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T13:23:44","slug":"xa-hoi-tri-thuc-bai-hoc-rut-ra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3175","title":{"rendered":"X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c: b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc r\u00fat ra"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong kinh doanh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 M\u0129. Xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, Malaysia, Singapore, v\u00e0 \u0110\u00e0i Loan \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 8 % nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1980 l\u00ean 68% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u0103m 2007. Kinh doanh h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la n\u00e0y ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m khi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t trong k\u00edch th\u00edch t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb1ng sau s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0y, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Malaysia \u0111ang c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u00ednh: Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao l\u1edbn b\u1ecb s\u1edf h\u1eefu v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i v\u00f9ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec \u01b0u th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. Ch\u00ednh b\u1edfi l\u00ed do n\u00e0y m\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y l\u1ea1i h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u1edbn m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 c\u0169ng chia s\u1ebb ph\u1ea7n l\u1ee3i th\u1ebf trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00ed do ch\u00ednh cho t\u00ecnh th\u1ebf n\u00e0y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi World Bank, tr\u00ean 80% \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m hay ti\u1ec7n nghi nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn \u1edf m\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c gia hay m\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. V\u1edbi ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Singapore \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 hay \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (R&D) hay c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch kh\u00e1c. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m kinh doanh \u1edf c\u00e1c m\u1ee9c cao nh\u1ea5t thay \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ecd sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kia nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn, s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ec1n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 hay \u0111\u1ea1t tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, v\u00e0 cho t\u1edbi l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o quy\u1ec1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u00f9ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n mang t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o s\u1ebd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f3 trong th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Khi c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda doanh nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u00e0n ph\u00e1 cho n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. V\u1edbi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nhanh hi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eafm t\u1edbi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng cao vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ecb th\u1ebf t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u00ec n\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00e1c nhau khi h\u1ecd theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, m\u1ed7i n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i theo con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 kh\u00e1c nhau. Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed, Trung Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ebfn nhanh h\u01a1n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ecbu s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, B\u1eafc M\u0129 khi h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp nh\u01b0ng qua th\u1eddi gian, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00ean trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb trong m\u1ea1ng s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u00a0 Ng\u00e0y nay, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c chi ph\u1ed1i ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 \u00f4 t\u00f4, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thu\u1ed9c h\u1ea1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd khi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea9y t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u\u00a0 thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n

B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t c\u00e1c chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang l\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh l\u00e2u d\u00e0i v\u00e0 gian kh\u1ed5. Trong c\u1ea3 b\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn cho nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 thu l\u1ee3i kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed1i \u0111a. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u01b0\u1edbng ng\u1ea1i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf \u201cgi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u0169\u201d nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0o t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch hi\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c khoa h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, \u01b0u ti\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfm \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ebb c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ban h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i (FDI) thay v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c khoa h\u1ecdc cho v\u00e0i \u201csinh vi\u00ean \u01b0u t\u00fa.\u201d Tranh c\u00e3i gi\u1eefa hai quan \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u00e3 di\u1ec5n ra trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfn th\u00eam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u1edf Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, c\u00f3 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u00e0 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 v\u1ecb th\u1ebf \u201cl\u1ec7 thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u201d qua nh\u1eefng ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u00e0y nay hai n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong \u201cm\u01b0\u1eddi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t.\u201d B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc then ch\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 s\u1edf R&D m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ecdn con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u1eb9 (d\u1ec7t may, gi\u1ea7y d\u00e9p, qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o) v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng (th\u00e9p, trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng). G\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u1eb7ng \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh ch\u00f3ng do \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u1edbn v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd h\u01a1n g\u1ea5p ba l\u1ea7n m\u00e0 ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u ngu\u1ed9i \u0111i. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y, Trung Qu\u1ed1c ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ph\u1ea3i d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y. T\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c v\u00e0 s\u00e2n bay cho v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i nhanh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ra th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c xem x\u00e9t g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c trang thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u00e0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 ph\u1ee5 kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o n\u1eb7ng l\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m v\u00e0 ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ea3 ra s\u00f4ng ng\u00f2i, c\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u1eadn ra b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i sai v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 1990, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u “b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp” gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00fac b\u1ea9y \u0111a d\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 h\u00e0n h\u00e2m v\u1edbi H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, khi ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng ph\u00e1i nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung sang H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 tham gia \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng theo \u0111u\u1ed5i m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u1edbi Singapore b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c, c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eadp v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n nghi \u0111i\u1ec7n. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 m\u1eddi c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ed1c Trung Qu\u1ed1c t\u1eeb Singapore, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn \u1edf M\u0129, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u do ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Ng\u00e0y nay, c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n l\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng quay v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh v\u00e0o nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n (R&D) Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc then ch\u1ed1t \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch th\u00fac b\u1ea9y c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e1ng gi\u1ec1ng ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n

\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1eadm nh\u1ea5t trong b\u1ed1n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y trong vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00ec tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n di\u1ec5n ra. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb 1991, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh cam k\u1ebft r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Thay v\u00ec \u201cs\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m,\u201d k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 \u201cd\u1ecbch v\u1ee5\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i cho d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng kinh t\u1ebf, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 k\u00eau g\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1eeb khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n thay v\u00ec chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1ec1 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Thi\u1ebfu ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5p th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc “d\u01b0\u1edbi trung b\u00ecnh” \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh khu v\u1ef1c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nhanh nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 gi\u1eef vai tr\u00f2 then ch\u1ed1t trong s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y sinh ra 65 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m v\u00e0 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00e3ng 1 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi. \u0110\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010, l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean 1.5 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y s\u1ebd chi\u1ebfm t\u1edbi 15% GDP c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. S\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u00e0 14 tri\u1ec7u, l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. N\u00f3 g\u1ea5p 1.5 l\u1ea7n Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 2.3 l\u1ea7n M\u0129. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00ean t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec9nh c\u1ee1 2 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c do ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng ngang b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. B\u1edfi v\u00ec chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang b\u1ecb tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch xung \u0111\u1ed9t tu\u1ef3 theo \u0111\u1ea3ng n\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t l\u00f9 l\u00f9 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u00e0 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa nh\u1eefng nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y; \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef v\u1ecb tr\u00ed h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. B\u00e0i h\u1ecdc then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ecdc \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng, k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00edch nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e2ng \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean m\u1ee9c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y \u0111ang b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng t\u0103ng v\u00e0o t\u00e0i n\u0103ng khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm khai th\u00e1c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 h\u1ecd cung \u1ee9ng. C\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng qua vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Trong khi l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t k\u0129 s\u01b0 \u1edf M\u0129 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 trung b\u00ecnh l\u00e0 $85,000, m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 trung b\u00ecnh $35,000 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 $20,000 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c. Theo nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng gay g\u1eaft \u1edf ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 bu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf c\u1eeda bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1eddi \u201cc\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c\u201d v\u00e0o ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng cao n\u00e0y. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng c\u1ee7a c\u01b0\u1eddng qu\u1ed1c kinh t\u1ebf \u0111ang b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n sang m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nhanh, n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111ang x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Ti\u1ebfn ho\u00e1 c\u1ee7a khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

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—–English version—–<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Knowledge Society: Lessons to be learned<\/p>\n

Today Asia has an important role in high technology business. It is the source of many high-tech products and services export to Europe and United States. The combined high technology exports in world\u2019s market from China, South Korea, Malaysia, Singapore, and Taiwan, increased from 8 % in 1980s to 68% market in 2007. This hundred billion dollars business continues to grow every year as the demand for high technology products continues to increase. High tech has been considered as the key factor in stimulate economic growth and jobs creation. However, behind the impressive technological development, especially in China and Malaysia are some major weaknesses: Many large high technology companies are owned and operated by foreigners and most products designs are created by those outside the region and only manufactured there for the low costs advantages. It is for this reason that the profit issues have become so important, those who owned these companies enjoy significant advantages and profits although the host countries also share the advantage in having their people employed and their local economies improved.<\/p>\n

The main reason for this situation is the education systems in many Asian countries have not changed for years and could not produce talents for management and innovation skills. According to the study of the World Bank, over 80% of Asian universities do not have enough laboratories or research facilities to seriously engage in improving innovation capabilities at the national level or international level. With the exception of Japan, S. Korea and Singapore that already demonstrated some successes, most countries do not even invest or encourage research and development (R&D) or other incentive programs. Clearly, the ability to innovate, manage and do business at the highest levels varies from countries to countries but there are lessons that we could learn.<\/p>\n

For slow adopting countries, it will be many years before they can establish strong advanced science and engineering education or research excellence, and until then, the dependency to foreign ownership and technological supports are unavoidable. They will be the high technology manufacturing areas for foreign countries as long as their labor costs are competitive. There is no guarantee that the manufacturing will remain there for some time. When there are better areas, better government incentives, and lower labor costs, foreign companies can close business, relocate to other countries and that could create devastating effects to local economy. With the current financial crisis, it already happened in some countries and many will experience it in the next few years.<\/p>\n

The fast adopting countries understand the risk of foreign dependency. Many years ago, they have issued aggressive policies designed to improve their education systems, especially in science and technology and enhance skill trainings to improve their relative positions in the global market. The evolution of education systems among these advancing countries was very interesting as it affects the strategic balance of powers in Asia. Among these countries there were different strategies as they pursued their goals, each led to different path and consequences. Japan and S. Korea focused mostly on electronics, China focused on heavy manufacturing and India focused on information technology, some advanced faster and some struggled along the way, but they all learned from their mistakes and continue toward their goals. Of course, they were under enormous competitive pressures from the other global innovators in Europe, North America as they tried to establish themselves but overtime, some have achieved considerable successes in changing the balance of trade and moving up the value chain in global production networks.\u00a0 Today, Japan and Korea dominate electronics and automobile industries, China controls heavy equipments industry and India is world class in Information technology. It all begins with the improvement of their education systems as their governments put forward the changes needed to enable their countries to be the top high technology producers and innovators rather than just lower cost labor countries.<\/p>\n

By examine their strategies and plans we can see that they were long and hard journeys. In all four countries, there were strategic plans based on visions that by investing in university education with well-established research systems, they could generate innovation for new products and processes, allowing them new opportunities for maximum economic gains. However, they all faced obstacles from the \u201cOld education\u201d institutions who do not believe in their visions and their goals of scientific realization. For many people, the first priority should be focused on taking advantages of their own groups of inexpensive labor and kept them employed by issued more incentives for foreign direct investment (FDI) rather than invested in scientific education for few \u201celite students\u201d. The debates between two different views and priority for change had been going on for many years, preventing the education reforms from advancing further in India and China but it won public supports and rapidly accelerated in Japan and S. Korea. In the end, Japan and S. Korea, advanced much faster, had stronger positions in the global economy, and broke out positions of \u201ctechnological subordination\u201d through their own research and industrial innovations. Today these two countries occupied the top position among \u201cTen most advanced technological countries\u201d. The key lesson here is by focus on improving education and develops innovative capabilities from R&D establishments seriously; countries could catch up quickly and occupy better positions than the others.<\/p>\n

Another lesson that we could learn is China as this country selected different path and fell behind Japan and S. Korea in the high technology market\u00a0 China\u2019s initial plan is to focus on manufacturing, starting with light industries (Textile, shoes, clothes) and eventually move to heavy industry (Steel, machine equipment, energy). Recently, the manufacturing industries, especially heavy industries have advanced rapidly due to significant foreign investment and its economy has more than triple with no sign of cooling off. However, without the proper education to support this growth, China totally has to rely on foreign management to manage these industries. From the outside, one can see all the large manufactures, better infrastructures, better roads, highways and airports for fast transportation of products to the market. By examining closer, one can find that most key equipments of theses industries are all imported therefore the industries also depending on foreign control. Another side effect of the heavy manufacturing development is pollutions and toxic wastes being dumped into rivers, fields and permanently harms the agriculture areas. It did not take long for China to recognize the misstep of destroying their fertile agriculture lands by industrialization and the dependency on foreign equipments and management. Started in 1990, Chinese government began the education \u201cCatch-Up\u201d by leveraging a variety of commercial, governmental, and academic relationships with South Korea. As S. Korea\u2019s electronics and information technology industries expanded and moved to China. China also sent many middle-level managers to S. Korea for additional trainings. Chinese government also pursued better relationship with Singapore by collaborating with them on several large infrastructure projects such as building highways, bridges, dams, and electrical facilities. China also invited Chinese researchers from Singapore, many of whom have received advanced training in the U.S, to conduct government funded research in Chinese universities. Today, education improvement is progressing faster than expected with many well-established Chinese professors returning from oversea. By investing seriously in research and development (R&D) China has achieved significant position in scientific and technology innovations. The key lesson here are education should be a priority over industrialization to ensure independent and self sufficiency and by leveraging oversea professionals and advanced neighbor countries, China could improve much faster.<\/p>\n

India was probably the slowest among the four in adopting education reform as the debate on education investment is still going on. Started in 1991, India government issued a broad commitment to improve its education system by focusing on information technology. Instead of \u201cproducts\u201d, India\u2019s plan is on \u201cservices\u201d to compensate for their large and growing population. To encourage economic growth, India government called for investments from the private sector rather than a national strategy on education improvement. Lacking a cohesive and consistent direction, the quality of India\u2019s education system varies a great deal from world-class universities to significant \u201cbelow average\u201d universities. However, by allowing the private sector to invest in information technology services, India\u2019s outsourcing has become the world\u2019s largest and fastest growing sector and plays a key role in the country\u2019s overall economic growth. Currently, this industry generates 65 billion dollars a year and employs an estimated 1 million people. By 2010, that workforce will grow to 1.5 million people and the industry will account for 15% of Indian GDP. India\u2019s number of university graduates is estimated at 14 million, the largest in Asia. It is 1.5 times more than China and 2.3 times more than the U.S. This number is topped up by 2 million new graduates every year. However, only a small percent of them are suited for works due to the unequal quality of its education systems. Because the direction on investment in education is still being debated with conflicting policies depending on which party is controlling the parliament and government, there is a looming shortage of skilled workers in India and without a long term strategy to fix these weaknesses; India may not be able to hold on the top position. The key lesson to be learned here is education system should be a national investment with clear direction, plan and actions. Although private industry can help but it can not raise the country to the next level.<\/p>\n

Today, many western countries are showing increasing interest in the science and engineering talent found in Asian countries. Many seek to exploit the professional achievements and cost advantages that they offer. There is potential cost savings through outsourcing to countries such as China and India. Whereas the salary of an engineer in the United States may average $85,000, a comparably skilled and educated counterpart would average only $35,000 in India and $20,000 in China. According to several studies, the critical skills shortage in the west has force many western countries to either open their borders to invite the \u201cKnowledge workers\u201d in or outsource works to these high talented countries. Currently, the balance of economic power is beginning to shift toward some fast adopting Asian countries where their knowledge workers are building their economies for better future. The evolution of science and technology in these countries has demonstrated that investments in education are good investment and the right investment.<\/p>\n

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Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00e2u \u00c1 \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 quan tr\u1ecdng trong kinh doanh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u1ed9i ngu\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3175"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3177,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3175\/revisions\/3177"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}