{"id":315,"date":"2013-06-18T22:18:13","date_gmt":"2013-06-18T15:18:13","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=315"},"modified":"2013-06-18T22:18:13","modified_gmt":"2013-06-18T15:18:13","slug":"do-do-du-an","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=315","title":{"rendered":"\u0110\u1ed9 \u0111o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ed9 \u0111o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a y\u00eau c\u1ea7u (Bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n ch\u00fang thay \u0111\u1ed5i) hay t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a qui tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ed7i \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n). B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m; nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00ec d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa.<\/span><\/p>\n

L\u00ed do c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec quan ni\u1ec7m sai v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tin \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1ecb \u0111o. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1n, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng che gi\u1ea5u sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chia s\u1ebb th\u00f4ng tin. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 hay ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd t\u1edbi m\u00e3i cho t\u1edbi khi qu\u00e1 mu\u1ed9n. Khi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng l\u00e2m v\u00e0o t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i cho nhau v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i ho\u00e0 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 b\u1ecb tan v\u1ee1.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch r\u1eb1ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111o kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed5 l\u1ed7i, \u0111e do\u1ea1, hay ph\u00e1n x\u00e9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n m\u00e0 CH\u1ec8 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u00fang s\u1edbm tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh qu\u00e1 l\u1edbn. Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap cho h\u1ecd nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1edbm h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o n\u00e0o x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ea1o ra ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o sau khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u hay khi s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 cao, hay khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ecb mu\u1ed9n. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 qu\u00e1 tr\u1ec5 b\u1edfi v\u00ec thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb g\u00e2y ra r\u1ed3i. B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111o khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00f4ng tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i trong nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1ed1t. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00f2ng ng\u1eeba h\u01a1n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m l\u1ed7i l\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 danh s\u00e1ch ki\u1ec3m chi li, c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 v\u00e0 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng cho ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 theo d\u00f5i s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u l\u1ed7i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ra v\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa t\u1eeb s\u1edbm h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch \u0111o v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111o cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch quan v\u1ec1 ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i, v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u00e0 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh nhanh h\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng \u0111o\u00e1n. Th\u00f4ng tin s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n n\u00e0y c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn hay tranh c\u00e3i n\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. Nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m, b\u1ea1n s\u1eeda n\u00f3.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Project metrics<\/p>\n

Project metrics are used to measure the progress of a project and the quality of its products. Metrics also can be used to monitor the development process such as the stability of the requirements (How many times they change) or the effectiveness of the software inspection process (How many defects have been identified). By having metrics, project managers can improve the software development; identify weaknesses as measurement data can warn of possible problems, so development team members can take corrective action.<\/p>\n

The reason project metrics program often fail because the misconception about metrics. Some developers believe metrics can point to their faults since they are being measured. When developers feel threatened, they often hide their mistakes and do not share information. Without factual information, project managers do not know about the problems or where they come from until it is too late. When the problem become too big, it is easy to get into the blaming situation when people begin to blame each other and the team\u2019s harmony is shattered.<\/p>\n

Experienced project managers know how to explain that measurement data are never used for blame, threats, or judge developers but ONLY to identify potential problems and fix them earlier before they become too big. When developers understand metrics can help them to identify problem earlier, they will collaborate. That is why it is important to start metrics education before any metrics program take place to avoid the situation when developers do not cooperate.<\/p>\n

Many projects create metrics program after the project start or when the number of defects is high, or when the project is late. Basically it is too late because the damages are done. Starting to measure when the project is having problems will create uncomfortable among developers. Metrics program should start at the beginning of the project as a good project management control mechanism. It is important to have preventive rather than reactive actions. The best way to reduce defects is having formal software inspection. By having extensive checklists, clearly defined roles and responsibilities for the review, managers can track the numbers and the types of defects found and take corrective actions earlier.<\/p>\n

Measurements and metrics provide an objective view of the project\u2019s progress, status, problems, successes, and failures. By having all these facts and data, project managers can make decision faster than just guessing. This factual information also provides a clear view that does not need any discussion or debate among team members. As one member often said: \u201cIf you make the mistake, you fix it.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ed9 \u0111o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/315","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=315"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/315\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":317,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/315\/revisions\/317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}