{"id":3128,"date":"2013-07-08T18:25:55","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T11:25:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3128"},"modified":"2013-07-08T18:25:55","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T11:25:55","slug":"khoa-hoc-may-tinh-va-ki-nghe-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3128","title":{"rendered":"Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: “Sao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i t\u00ean m\u1edbi cho “Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh” v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201cK\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m?\u201d T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa “M\u00e1y t\u00ednh” v\u00e0 “Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.” Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n m\u00f4n n\u00e0o kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1i t\u00ean m\u1edbi cho n\u00f3.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0y: “C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9, nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ta h\u00e3y b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. T\u00f4i tin kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho m\u00e1y bay theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch anh ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf m\u00e1y t\u00ednh cho tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i video, b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 nhau. T\u1eeb quan \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau. N\u1ebfu anh mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng website, t\u1ea1o ra nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1ecf d\u00f9ng Java hay C++ th\u00ec khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 \u0111ang v\u1eady. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn h\u01a1n; ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m hay \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f9ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.”<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd: \u201cAnh bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chia d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean n\u00f3. D\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u1edbn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf n\u01a1i t\u1eebng m\u1ea3nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi?\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n t\u00f4i xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n t\u1eeb gi\u1edbi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u01b0\u01a1ng quan v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ed7 trong c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng chia ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn th\u00e0nh nh\u1eefng ph\u1ea7n nh\u1ecf ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 chia b\u00e1nh b\u1eb1ng nhau v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng; ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh t\u1eadp c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0a t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft. Nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd: “T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 v\u1edbi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y nhu c\u1ea7u g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi ch\u00fang theo c\u00e1c c\u00e1i t\u00ean kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam nh\u01b0ng khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 d\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0o l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc h\u00e0nh v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 theo c\u00e1c m\u00f4n l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho n\u00ean th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00e2u m\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n th\u00eam? Anh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecf b\u1edbt \u0111i v\u00e0i m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc, v\u1eady ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd b\u1ecf m\u00f4n n\u00e0o? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh t\u1eeb 4 xu\u1ed1ng 2 n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean gi\u1ea3m c\u00e1c m\u00f4n l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u00e1y t\u00ednh kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 n\u00ean gi\u1ea3m s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c m\u00f4n to\u00e1n xu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng? Ch\u00fang ta n\u00ean th\u00eam m\u00f4n g\u00ec? Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c m\u00f4n y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay m\u00f4n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng? Theo c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a \u201cm\u00e1y t\u00ednh\u201d c\u00f2n k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1ea1i quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ra \u201cph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.\u201d C\u1ea3 hai ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 chung c\u00e1c m\u00f4n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng nh\u01b0ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i n\u00e0y hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi l\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i ch\u00ednh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ecdi gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quan \u0111i\u1ec3m ri\u00eang v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n n\u00e0o sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y trong \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng gi\u1eefa nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea1n. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0: Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i cung c\u1ea5p cho h\u1ecd tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng nhu c\u1ea7u bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i theo th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh h\u00e0n l\u00e2m b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eadn ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, vi\u1ebft b\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 xu\u1ea5t b\u1ea3n, hay d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian cho c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c kh\u00e1c. C\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1p c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u01b0u ti\u00ean th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft hay nhu c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng an to\u00e0n” kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh tranh nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh cao n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a internet.\u00a0 \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao sinh vi\u00ean b\u1ecb m\u1eafc gi\u1eefa nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1eadm c\u1ee7a h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 nh\u1ecbp \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng khi \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi th\u1ef1c, h\u1ecd kh\u1ed5 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. H\u1ecd ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m, c\u00e1ch h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n, \u0111\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng th\u1ee9 \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5, ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao qua web cho h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m hay h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 – Software as a Services (SaaS). Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng theo th\u1eddi gian th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u201cm\u00e3\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cqui tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5\u201d ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t c\u00e1ch nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n. Sinh vi\u00ean ch\u1ec9 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng “h\u01b0\u1edbng qui tr\u00ecnh” n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft qui tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 g\u00ec. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi v\u00e0 thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ea5y nh\u01b0ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00e0n l\u00e2m l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u201c\u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u01b0\u1edbng theo qui tr\u00ecnh\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft qui tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 l\u00e0 g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: “M\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c chung ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Sau khi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i ra v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c.\u201d<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00ec t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng \u201ctri th\u1ee9c h\u00e0n l\u00e2m\u201d ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00edch \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i. T\u01b0 duy r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng g\u00ec kh\u00e1c l\u00e0m cho t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m r\u1ed3i, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t cho d\u00f9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111ang ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Thay v\u00ec th\u00edch \u1ee9ng, nhi\u1ec1u ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh Khoa h\u1ecdc M\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u1eabn h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0n l\u00e2m ngh\u0129 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd coi to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng th\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n to\u00e1n v\u00e0o, n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd coi thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. Sau r\u1ed1t, c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 cai qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec h\u1ecd coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean t\u1edbi h\u1ecd, c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1eabn nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f4n ngoan l\u00e0 bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u \u00c1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec xu h\u01b0\u1edbng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y n\u01a1i \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang chi ph\u1ed1i v\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 USD $68 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc h\u01a1n, \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eadn t\u00e2m v\u1ec1 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. Cho n\u00ean l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng gi\u1eefa tri th\u1ee9c h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c r\u1ed9ng th\u00eam v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng, m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ea5t nhanh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 ch\u00ednh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 chung cu\u1ed9c sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian, n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed nh\u01b0 “Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng\u201d v\u00e0 trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kinh doanh, ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m kinh doanh v\u1edbi ai.<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

Computer Science and Software Engineering<\/p>\n

My friend, a computer science professor asked me: “Why do people create new name for \u201cComputer Science and called \u201cSoftware Engineering\u201d? I do not see the different between “Computer” and “Software”. Our students are doing fine with Computer Science course and do not need another course with new name to it\u201d.<\/p>\n

I was surprised at the question:” There are differences between the two programs but first let start with the computer. I believe not all computers are the same because no one would think that you could design computers for an airplane the same way you would approach the design of a computer for the videogames because not all computer hardwares are the same. From this view, I can point out that we can not approach software as if they were the same. If you want your students to be programmers and work on building websites, create small applications using Java or C++ than computer science is fine as it is. However, today most computer systems are getting larger; most software applications are getting more complex and require few hundreds or sometime thousand people to work together than the small programming approach will not work:<\/p>\n

My friend did not agree: \u201cYou can always break down a large project into many small parts so programmers can work on it. A large project can be divided into hundred small pieces where each could be given to a programmer so they will continue to program it the same way as they build a web application. I do not understand why we need a new approach?\u201d<\/p>\n

Because my friend come from the academic world and never works in the industry, it is difficult to explain all interrelates and interdependencies among software components. I told him that it is not easy to divide a large software to smaller parts just like dividing a cake equally and that is why we need special skills such as requirements analysts to work with users and customers; configuration managers to manage changes during development activities; process analysts to define development activities into a set of processes that developers must follow and of course programmers to implement the design using computer language and integration engineers to put all these parts into a cohesive systems. These special skills are the disciplines of software engineer that most computer science programs do not teach.<\/p>\n

My friend disagreed: “I think with additional trainings, programmers can also do that. I do not see the need of calling them by different names.\u201d<\/p>\n

I explained: \u201cIt is possible that programmers needs additional training but current computer science already put a lot of efforts on programming theories and techniques, most students are working hard to do so many programming courses so where are the time for additional training? You can not add things to current program without eliminate some courses so which course should we eliminate? Should we reduce programming classes from 4 to 2 years, should we reduce some computer theories courses? Should we reduce the number of mathematics courses? What courses should we add? Do we need more requirements courses or software architecture courses? From my perspective, computer science is focusing on the theories and methods involving the \u201ccomputer\u201d where software engineer is concerned with the practical problems of producing \u201csoftware\u201d. Both programs do share some fundamental courses but the application is different.<\/p>\n

This conversation is currently a major debate among universities around the world. Every professor has an opinion about training program and every university has its own view of what subject students must learn and I do not think we can solve it in a casual conversation among friends. My personal view is: Students need skills to make a living and university must provide them with that knowledge so they can find works in the industry. In order to do that, university must understand the need of the industry, knowing that need always change with time and constantly adjust the trainings to meet industry demands. However, it is difficult to change the academic program because most professors are busy conducting researches, writing papers for publications, or spent time on other businesses. Update training courses is the lowest priority to many of them and they do not get reward for that. Many do not see the urgency or the need to change because academic world is a \u201csafe environment \u201cwith no competition but the software industry is a highly competitive environment where things change at the speed of the internet.\u00a0 That is why students are caught between a slow pace of academic and the fast pace of industry when they graduate. Many are doing well in school but when facing the real world, they fail miserably. They never taught what to do, how to act, and what skills do they need, sometime what they have studied is already obsolete.<\/p>\n

Let me give you an example, today many software engineers are working on applications that are delivered via the web to hundreds or thousands of customers all over the word called Software as a Services (SaaS). This new concept requires special skills to adapt to the demand of customers in real time. These are not really \u201ccode\u201d but \u201cbusiness processes\u201d that control the way customer business are executing. A students that only know how to code will not be able to modify and adjust these “process oriented” applications because they do not even know what a process is. However, these are skills that the software industry is demanding and hiring but the academic world is very reluctant to adapt \u201cProcess oriented training\u201d because most professors also do not know what a business process is.<\/p>\n

My friend told me:” The goal of education is develop people with general knowledge but not about jobs. After having an education they can go out and get jobs themselves\u201d.<\/p>\n

This is where we are not in agreement since I believe that the \u201cacademic knowledge\u201d must be changed to adapt to the demand of society. The thinking that school is only responsible for educate but nothing else makes me wonder about the future of many students. For so many years, schools continue to train programmers who are essentially unable to get good jobs even there are so many opportunities waiting all over the world. Instead of adapting, many Computer Science programs are still focus on what the academic community thinks these are the knowledge that student must have regardless what industry need and fail to prepare students to compete with students in other countries. If they think mathematic is important then they add more math courses, if they think algorithms are necessary, they could add more computer algorithm courses to the program. After all, professors run the university and they can do whatever they think is right for the students since students come to them, compete with each others to enroll in their schools.<\/p>\n

It\u2019s widely known that enrollments in science and technology programs have increased in many Asian countries because the trend in global outsourcing. Today almost every country is focusing on this business where India is dominating with export exceeding USD $68 Billion a year but facing a critical shortage of software developers for the global market. Most university administrators are aware of the situation and they react by opening more courses, enroll more students without concern about the need of the industry. So the gap between academic knowledge and industry needs are continue to widening and many students who have been trained in these programs are not prepared to compete globally. However, I believe that with the fast changing job market, things already change very quickly and it is not the university who can dictate the training programs but it is the industry and ultimately the student, who demand certain training programs. Students invest their time, their efforts and pay the tuitions and they should be treated as \u201cCustomer\u201d and in the business world, it is the customer that makes the decision on who they want to do business with.<\/p>\n

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B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: “Sao m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1i t\u00ean m\u1edbi cho “Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh” v\u00e0 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[25,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3128","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-khoa-hoc-may-tinh","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3128","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3128"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3128\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3129,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3128\/revisions\/3129"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3128"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3128"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3128"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}