{"id":3126,"date":"2013-07-08T18:23:29","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T11:23:29","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3126"},"modified":"2013-07-08T18:23:29","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T11:23:29","slug":"co-hoi-toan-cau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3126","title":{"rendered":"C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfi: \u201cEm mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u00f4ng?” Sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c h\u1ecfi: \u201cEm s\u1eafp t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh n\u0103m nay. Em mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Th\u1ea7y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p cho c\u1ea3 sinh vi\u00ean s\u1eafp t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111ang \u0111\u0103ng k\u00ed v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong mi\u1ec1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Khi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u, nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m bi\u1ebfn m\u1ea5t kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, doanh nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. S\u1ebd c\u00f3 l\u00fac nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y quay l\u1ea1i b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00ec hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1ecb b\u00e3o ho\u00e0 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ebf trong nh\u1eefng l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng. Trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o T\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng qu\u00e3ng 35% \u1edf ri\u00eang M\u0129 c\u00f2n b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p trong “t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7” n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd \u0111i t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m hay chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c. Trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT c\u0169ng m\u1ea5t vi\u1ec7c b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang gi\u1ea3m chi ti\u00eau v\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. Ng\u00e0y nay b\u00e1o ch\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7y nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129 c\u0169ng quan s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n

Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n th\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec sinh vi\u00ean tr\u1ebb \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u n\u01a1i h\u1ecd ngh\u0129 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m 40% v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan. Theo nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean t\u1ed3i. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 cha m\u1eb9 \u0111ang khuy\u00ean h\u1ecd r\u1eb1ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y g\u00e2y t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o c\u00e1c m\u00f4n c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ecb quan ni\u1ec7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang l\u00e0 d\u00e0nh cho “b\u1ecdn \u0111am m\u00ea v\u00e0 l\u1eadp d\u1ecb” v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e9 tr\u00e1nh \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 “l\u1eadp d\u1ecb.” Hollywood c\u0169ng th\u00edch kh\u1eafc ho\u1ea1 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 \u201cnh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u00ean\u201d trong nhi\u1ec1u phim c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra \u201ch\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh x\u1ea5u\u201d cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh.<\/p>\n

Khi “th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 tr\u1ebb con” (ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh t\u1eeb 1945 t\u1edbi 1965) v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, h\u1ecd \u0111em theo tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111i, l\u00e0m n\u1ea3y sinh l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng tri th\u1ee9c trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t \u1edf c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n, ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 ti\u1ec7n \u00edch c\u00f4ng c\u1ed9ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o thay th\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u01a1n. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y n\u0103m 2006 n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng, “Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ef1c nhi\u1ec1u giao t\u00e1c s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o.” “C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 50 hay 60 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 thanh ni\u00ean trong c\u00e1c mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u00f3 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c y t\u1ebf th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. Cho n\u00ean khi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u, ai s\u1ebd duy tr\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u00f3? Tu\u1ef3 ch\u1ecdn duy nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c hay thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c t\u1edbi v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ch\u00fang. V\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7n M\u0129, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111em c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ngu\u1ed3n, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n v\u00e0i tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ri\u00eang nh\u1eefng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1. T\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u1edf M\u0129 b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (\u0110\u1ee9c, Ph\u00e1p, Anh v\u00e0 Italy) c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00f9ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1ec1 h\u01b0u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng th\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn tho\u00e1i l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nan t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ngkh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c CIO \u0111\u1ec1u lo ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng t\u0103ng v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng h\u1ea1n h\u1eb9p n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd l\u00e0m b\u00f9ng ph\u00e1t cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng CNTT trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea9y nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0o r\u1ee7i ro nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho r\u1eb1ng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd ch\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 chung cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i mang c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n v\u00e0o l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb thay \u0111\u1ed5i lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p \u201cC\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c y t\u1ebf, \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u01b0\u1ee1ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\u201d \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u, nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c di d\u00e2n h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng chi ti\u00eau CNTT v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i s\u1ebd t\u0103ng t\u1edbi $168 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la, t\u0103ng l\u00ean t\u1eeb $64 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la trong 5 n\u0103m t\u1edbi b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n. S\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ea1nh tranh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u00ecm c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u00e0o chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 b\u1edfi kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi t\u1eeb lao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. 80% CIO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng \u00edt \u0111i. M\u1ed9t CIO n\u00f3i: “Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf B\u1eafc M\u0129, t\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u. T\u00f4i s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111i t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf M\u0129.” Nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n t\u1eeb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c t\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129, quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh CNTT \u0111ang d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao n\u00f3i r\u1eb1ng: “C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0o M\u0129 cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn t\u1eadp k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam nhi\u1ec1u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i cho nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.”<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1ec9 t\u1ea1o ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0o M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u t\u00ecm ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1ee9c cao c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t trong ti\u1ebfng Anh. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao x\u00e1c nh\u1eadn r\u1eb1ng \u0111a s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c kinh doanh, v\u00e0 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Do \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00f3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft t\u1ed1t, k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, k\u0129 n\u0103ng qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh b\u1eadc \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y. Donald Ingram, m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao \u1edf Google n\u00f3i: “Sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00fang t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00f3i, th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n tr\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ti\u1ebfn.” M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng n\u00f3i: “C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u1ebft th\u00fac; n\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1nh c\u1ed5ng v\u00e0o c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 kh\u00e1c trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Trong khi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1eddi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 th\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed CNTT kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t cho h\u1ecd. Tri th\u1ee9c qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111a d\u1ea1ng t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho nh\u01b0ng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao h\u01a1n n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u1edfi v\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nhi\u1ec1u trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c. C\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch d\u00f9ng h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta th\u00edch h\u1ecd b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh.”<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u00f3m t\u1eaft xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra. T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. H\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u1ea3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n ti\u1ec7n, quan \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I l\u00e0 “c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean x\u1ea3y ra\u201d hay \u201cc\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1edfi may m\u1eafn\u201d m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u201cc\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 x\u1ea3y ra khi b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho b\u1ea1n l\u00e0: \u201cB\u1ea1n s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng ch\u01b0a?\u201d, \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d, \u201cB\u1ea1n c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng?\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Global Opportunities<\/p>\n

I have received number questions regarding the job situation due to the financial crisis and the prospect to work for global companies. One student asked: \u201cI would like to work for a global company and travel to many countries, is it possible? Another asked: \u201cI am graduating from university in computer science this year. I would like to work in foreign countries. Can you give me some advises?\u201d<\/p>\n

Here are some trends in the industry for both graduating students and students who are enrolling in university regarding their career in the software area.<\/p>\n

As the financial crisis started, many jobs disappeared from companies worldwide, especially in the finance, business, banking, and global trading. It will be a while for these jobs to return to normal because currently the market is saturated with so many people in these fields that could not find employment. In the past few years, number of students enrolled in Finance, Banking and international trading has increased about 35% in U.S alone and now many are graduating in this \u201cbad situation\u201d so they are looking for jobs or moving into another study fields. In this crisis, many IT workers also lost their jobs because companies are reducing spending and outsource jobs to other countries. Today media press are full of stories about jobs going offshore, and many U.S universities also watched their enrollments in Computer and software fields drop significantly.<\/p>\n

The low enrollment actually started few years ago, because young students in U.S and Europe are enrolling in banking, finance, global trading where they think that they could make a lot of money. As a result, there was a 40% drop in students taking the computer science or related fields. According to several studies, Students have been given bad advice. Counselors and parents are advising them that most software jobs are outsourcing overseas, which is impacting the enrollment in software related majors. In addition, software is incorrectly perceived as area for “Nerd and Geek” and many students avoid it as they do not want to be considered as “Geek”. Hollywood also like to portrait computer scientists as \u201cMad scientists\u201d in many of their films and created \u201cbad image\u201d for people in computer fields.<\/p>\n

As the \u201cbaby boomers generation\u201d (People born from 1945 to 1965) are retiring, they are taking their specialized knowledge with them, raising knowledge gap issues in many companies. The impact will be felt the most are government jobs, hospital, healthcare, and public utilities, that for years unable to replace their systems with more modern technologies. The recent 2006 study stated, “Banks, Hospital, and government agencies which depend on transaction-intensive systems will be especially hard hit.” “There are so many systems managed by people in their late 50s or 60s but there are no young people in those areas because people who work in government and healthcare usually work there for a long time and do not change jobs. So when they retire, who will maintain those applications? The only option is to outsource more to other countries or hire workers from others to come in and maintain them. With strong opposition to outsource government jobs to foreign country from both U.S senate and congress, many predict that U.S government will have to bring workers from oversea to maintain these systems. According to some sources, U.S government will need several hundred thousands software people to maintain these systems alone and healthcare and other agencies would probably have similar demand. This situation is not unique in the U.S because Europe (Germany, France, England, and Italy) is also facing the same problem with so many people retiring and not enough skilled workers to replace them.<\/p>\n

Today, many industries are also facing similar dilemma with more automations, more computer systems but not enough skilled workers to do the work. Most CIOs worry that without an increase in the software workers, this narrow talent pool of will spark an IT crisis in the near future and put many organizations in serious risks. Some think that outsourcing will protect them against future shortages but not all the works can be outsourced and eventually they will have to bring workers to work for them. There are several proposal to change immigration laws to allow \u201cHigher skilled workers, especially in medical, nursing and software fields\u201d to enter and work in the U.S and Europe, as legal immigrant.<\/p>\n

Recent research forecasts that IT spending on outsourcing will increase to $168 billion, up from $64 billion in the next 5 years because the shortage of workers. Competitive pressure is not only focus on the search for lower-cost countries to outsource, but also on a strategy that future shortages can be mitigated by outsourcing whatever skills are required from a global pool. 80% CIO interviewed agreed that they will outsource more, not less. One CIO said: “The IT skills shortage already happened in North America, I will have to hire workers from anywhere. I will go to many colleges, but not necessarily colleges in the US.” Several studies already pointed out that many programming jobs will be outsourced to markets with lower-cost labor, but to hire workers from other countries to come and work in the U.S, IT executives are relying on workers who have command of the English language and people who already have knowledge on business processes, who can help design new and better ways to use technology. Several senior managers stated that: “There is so much investment in bringing people from foreign countries to work in the U.S so companies can choose skill sets that add a lot of value to the business such as software engineering, architects, designers and information system management. Most programming and testing will be outsourced to offshore providers”.<\/p>\n

However, recent studies in capabilities of several countries found that the knowledge and skills of students in most developing countries have not kept up with the demand of developed countries. Most universities in developing countries are only producing programmers and testers that can serve the outsourcing business well but not the software engineer or information system management skills that the software industry needed to import into U.S and Europe.<\/p>\n

Today’s most companies are looking for people with these high level technical skills with the ability to communicate well in English. Many senior managers confirmed that the majority of these jobs require constant interacting with other staff, business partners, and management. Therefore they require people with strong verbal and written communication skills, analytical skills, software process skills, and business knowledge. Many students complained that their undergraduate programs don’t emphasize these skills enough. Donald Ingram, a senior manager in Google said: “Students need to graduate right out of university with verbal, negotiating and process skills. If they did, they’d have more opportunities, and they’d get paid more on the way in.” Another senior manager also said:\u201d Information technology is not a finish line; it’s a gateway into other roles in the business. While employees were once able to join at the technical area and stay through a career, IT positions are no longer an end point for them. Process knowledge and diverse educational backgrounds enable these higher skilled workers to move on to other functions in the global company because the business is no longer in one country but the world. We find that technical people with business skills are highly sought after in other functions. Our management likes to use them to manage more effectively. Our operations people like them because they understand what is going on in our operations better than the people in operations do.”<\/p>\n

I have summarized the current trend in the industry so you know what is happening. I believe that with globalization everything is possible and future jobs would be everywhere if you have the knowledge and the skills. My advice to you is to select the best university and training program to invest your time and efforts. Focus on both technical skills and communication skills then you will have the opportunities that you want.<\/p>\n

By the way, my view of opportunity is NOT \u201csomething happens by chance\u201d or \u201csomething happens by luck\u201d but \u201cSomething only happens when you are ready\u201d.
\nMy questions to you are: \u201cAre you ready?\u201d, \u201cDo you have the skills that the industry needs?\u201d \u201cHave you invested your time and effort in improving your communication skill?\u201d, \u201cDo you have the right training program that can help improving your knowledge and skills?\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m do cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh l\u00e0m … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3126","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3126","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3126"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3127,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3126\/revisions\/3127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}