{"id":3115,"date":"2013-07-08T17:59:01","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T10:59:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3115"},"modified":"2013-07-08T17:59:01","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T10:59:01","slug":"vung-dia-li-cua-dua-viec-ra-nuoc-ngoai-dang-dich-chuyen","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3115","title":{"rendered":"V\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a A.T. Kearney, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u00edch t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i; nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung\/\u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u l\u1ea1i t\u1ee5t xu\u1ed1ng trong khi \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean.<\/span><\/p>\n

Chicago (May 18, 2009) \u2013 Suy gi\u1ea3m \u01b0u th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00e2ng cao \u0111ang d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n l\u1edbn lao v\u1ec1 v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed c\u1ee7a \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n bi\u00ean t\u1eadp m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u Global Services Location Index (GSLI) c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u A.T. Kearney, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u00edch t\u1edbi h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn nh\u1ea5t cho \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Trong khi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Malaysia v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u1edf ba v\u1ecb tr\u00ed tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh m\u00e0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1eef t\u1eeb khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp GSLI n\u0103m 2004, d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra khi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung \u00c2u m\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00e3 nh\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ed7 cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Phi.<\/p>\n

GSLI ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng 50 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 CNTT, c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m li\u00ean l\u1ea1c v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1eadu v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. \u0110i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c so\u1ea1n theo t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m li\u00ean quan tr\u00ean 43 c\u00e1ch \u0111o, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00f3m theo ba ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i: s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc Trung \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 uy t\u00edn bao g\u1ed3m Ba Lan, C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 S\u00e9c, Hungary v\u00e0 Slovakia, c\u00f3 th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 trong s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00edch t\u1edbi c\u1ee7a chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti T\u00e2y \u00c2u, \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ee5t m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 xu\u1ed1ng do vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed b\u1ecb d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 l\u1ea1m ph\u00e1t l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7 so v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la. Trong khi \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p \u1edf \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00e0 Trung \u0110\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 trong n\u0103m nay v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 t\u00ednh s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ai C\u1eadp, Jordan v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng trong s\u1ed1 10 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u trong x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a GSLI l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean.<\/p>\n

\u201cTrong khi chi ph\u00ed v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1ef1c ch\u00ednh trong c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 n\u01a1i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111ang gi\u00e0nh l\u1ea5y ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u00ecn th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng qua \u1ed1ng k\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1eabn l\u00e1i b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t t\u00e0i n\u0103ng t\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e0, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb gia t\u0103ng, cao h\u01a1n,\u201d Norbert Jorek, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed1i t\u00e1c v\u1edbi A.T. Kearney v\u00e0 l\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a H\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ed3ng ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u Global Business Policy Council c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng n\u00e0y, n\u00f3i. \u201c\u0110\u00e1p \u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o v\u1ed1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi do c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e0m c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.\u201d<\/p>\n

K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 trong n\u0103m nay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau ra d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y. Ph\u00e2n t\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u1edf www.atkearney.com.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt trong GSLI c\u1ee7a n\u0103m nay bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

Trung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 B\u1eafc Phi \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean nh\u01b0 mi\u1ec1n nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i then ch\u1ed1t b\u1edfi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh Ai C\u1eadp v\u00e0 Jordan, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u v\u00e0 th\u1ee9 ch\u00edn, t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng, Tunisia (th\u1ee9 17), United Arab Emirates (th\u1ee9 29) v\u00e0 Morocco (th\u1ee9 30) t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ea7u 30 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a GSLI. \u201cTrung \u0110\u00f4ng v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00f3 ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i b\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0a ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y \u0111em t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft v\u00ec c\u00f3 l\u1edbp ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, b\u00e1n th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p l\u1edbn,\u201d Johan Gott, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho Global Services Location Index n\u00f3i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2u Phi Sahara c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh. Ghana \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee915, Mauritius th\u1ee9 25, Senegal th\u1ee9 26 v\u00e0 Nam Phi th\u1ee9 39.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf M\u0129 Latin v\u00e0 Caribbe ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi M\u0129 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00edch t\u1edbi cho \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c ra n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n. Chile chi\u1ebfm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed cao nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc trong v\u00f9ng, x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 8 v\u1ec1 s\u1ee9c m\u1ea1nh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i. Nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ea1nh trong v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 Mexico (th\u1ee9 11), Brazil (th\u1ee9 12) v\u00e0 Jamaica, l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed th\u1ee9 11 trong x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng th\u1ee9 23.<\/p>\n

\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Malaysia ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi l\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng qua vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p duy nh\u1ea5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi cao, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kinh doanh thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. N\u00f3i ri\u00eang, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean phong c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p qua vi\u1ec7c b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng nh\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u0129, nh\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n b\u1edfi ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 “l\u1edbp II” nh\u01b0 San Antonio, \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean th\u1ee9 14 trong x\u1ebfp h\u1ea1ng do l\u1ee3i \u00edch t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c s\u1ee5t gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la. N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111ang t\u0103ng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c \u00e9p ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111ang l\u00e0m t\u0103ng m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi nh\u1eefng kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1i ch\u1ed7 trong nh\u1eefng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean \u1edf M\u0129, Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0110\u1ee9c, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y c\u0169ng v\u01b0\u01a1n l\u00ean trong GSLI.<\/p>\n

Trong khi kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0a vi\u1ec7c ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n thu\u00ea vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi l\u00e0m \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd m\u1edbi h\u01a1n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi l\u00e0m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

\u201cT\u00ednh n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a giao vi\u1ec7c ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng \u0111ang d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u1ea1i r\u1ee7i ro ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, bu\u00f4n b\u00e1n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh h\u1eadu kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u,\u201d Paul A. Laudicina, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh A.T. Kearney n\u00f3i. \u201cQu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1ee7i ro s\u1ebd l\u1ea5y t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb gi\u00e1n \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb t\u1eadp trung\u00a0 v\u00e0o v\u00e0i v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chi ph\u00ed-hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.\u201d<\/p>\n

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Geography of Offshoring is Shifting,<\/p>\n

According to A.T. KearneyStudy, India and China continue as top off shoring destinations; but Central\/Eastern Europe falls while Southeast Asia and Middle East countries rise<\/p>\n

Chicago (May 18, 2009) \u2013 Deteriorating cost advantages and improved labor quality are driving a dramatic shift in the geography of off shoring according to the latest edition of global management consulting firm A.T. Kearney\u2019s Global Services Location Index (GSLI), a ranking of the most attractive off shoring destinations.<\/p>\n

While India, China and Malaysia retain the top three spots they\u2019ve occupied since the inaugural GSLI in 2004, a fundamental shift in the index has taken place as once strong Central European countries have yielded ground to countries in Asia, the Middle East and North Africa.<\/p>\n

The GSLI analyzes and ranks the top 50 countries worldwide for locating outsourcing activities, including IT services and support, contact centers and back-office support. Each country\u2019s score is composed of a weighted combination of relative scores on 43 measurements, which are grouped into three categories: financial attractiveness, people and skills availability and business environment.<\/p>\n

Established Central European countries including Poland, the CzechRepublic, Hungary and Slovakia, once among the premier off shoring destinations for Western Europe companies, have fallen significantly due to a rapid increase in costs driven by both wage inflation and currency appreciation against the dollar. Meanwhile, low-cost countries in Southeast Asia and the Middle East made significant gains this year as the quality and availability of their labor forces improved. Egypt, Jordan and Vietnam ranked in the GSLI\u2019s top 10 for the first time ever.<\/p>\n

\u201cWhile cost remains a major driver in decisions about where to outsource, the quality of the labor pool is gaining importance as companies view the labor market through a global lens driven by talent shortages at home, particularly in higher, value-added functions,\u201d said Norbert Jorek, a partner with A.T. Kearney and managing director of the firm\u2019s Global Business Policy Council. \u201cIn response, governments all over the world are investing in the human capital demanded by the off shoring industry.\u201d<\/p>\n

The complete results of this year\u2019s Index are provided below. A more detailed analysis and information on regional performance can be found at www.atkearney.com.<\/p>\n

Highlights from this year\u2019s GSLI include:<\/p>\n

The Middle East and North Africa is emerging as a key off shoring region because of its large, well educated population and its proximity to Europe. In addition to Egypt and Jordan, ranked at sixth and ninth, respectively, Tunisia (17th), United Arab Emirates (29th) and Morocco (30th) all rank among in the GSLI\u2019s top 30 countries. \u201cThe Middle East and Africa area has the potential to redraw the off shoring map and in the process bring much needed opportunities for its large, underemployed educated class,\u201d said Johan Gott, project manager for the Global Services Location Index.<\/p>\n

Saharan Africa also showed strength. Ghana ranked 15th, Mauritius 25th, Senegal 26th and South Africa 39th.<\/p>\n

Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean continue to capitalize on their proximity to the United States as nearshore destinations. Chile placed highest among countries from the region, ranking 8th on the strength of its political stability and favorable business environment. Other strong performers in the region include Mexico (11th), Brazil (12th) and Jamaica, which rose 11 places to rank 23rd.<\/p>\n

India, China and Malaysia continue to lead the index by a wide margin through a unique combination of high people skills, favorable business environment and low cost. In particular, India has remained at the forefront of the outsourcing industry and actually has become an enabler for industry growth through expansion of Indian offshoring firms into other countries.<\/p>\n

The United States, as represented by the onshoring potential of smaller \u201ctier II\u201d cities such as San Antonio, rose to 14th in the rankings due to the financial benefits of a falling dollar. The country is the leader in the people skills category and the combination of rising unemployment and political pressure to create jobs is increasing interest in onshoring possibilities among smaller inland locations. Similar trends are evident in the UK, France and Germany, all of which also rose in the GSLI.<\/p>\n

While the global financial crisis has slowed recent offshoring moves, the percentage of companies\u2019 staff offshore may very well increase as a result of the crisis. Layoffs at home are not translating to layoffs among offshore workers as companies seek to maintain service but reduce costs. Additionally, offshore facilities tend to be more efficient because they are newer and lack years of inefficiencies often built up in onshore facilities.<\/p>\n

\u201cThe dynamics of global offshoring are clearly shifting as companies re-evaluate the political risks, labor arbitrage and skill requirements in the context of the likely aftermath of the global economic crisis,\u201d said Paul A. Laudicina, A.T. Kearney chairman and managing officer. \u201cRisk management will take on new importance to protect global service delivery from interruption and ensure capabilities are strategically dispersed rather than concentrated in a few cost-effective locations.\u201d<\/p>\n

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