{"id":3106,"date":"2013-07-08T17:52:22","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T10:52:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3106"},"modified":"2013-07-08T17:52:22","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T10:52:22","slug":"trung-quoc-va-an-do-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3106","title":{"rendered":"Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 blog m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i:<\/span><\/p>\n

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y \u1edf K-Park, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng vi\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf V\u00f4 T\u00edch, Trung qu\u1ed1c. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb9p n\u1eb1m c\u1ea1nh Th\u00e1i H\u1ed3 v\u1edbi th\u1ea3m c\u1ecf \u0111\u1eb9p v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2y c\u1ed1i m\u1edbi tr\u1ed3ng v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ph\u00f2ng h\u1ecdc hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, \u0111i\u1ec1u cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong khu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao n\u00e0y, nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m danh gi\u00e1 nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y nay. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng t\u1edbi h\u1ecdc k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh. Gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd: \u201cCh\u1ec9 h\u1ecdc ti\u1ebfng Anh th\u00f4i, b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai n\u00f3i c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1u s\u1ebd b\u1ecb ph\u1ea1t.\u201d C\u1ea3 l\u1edbp c\u01b0\u1eddi khi t\u00f4i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u v\u1edbi h\u1ecd. G\u1ea7n ba th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh \u201cTrung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o cho th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi\u201d Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 ra \u00edch l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Trong 25 n\u0103m qua, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng v\u1edbi n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u00ecn ra ch\u1ed7 kh\u00e1c, khi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp qu\u1ea3n ng\u00e0nh kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i sinh l\u1eddi. Ng\u00e0y nay do cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c v\u1ec1 s\u00fat gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i v.v ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 s\u1edf ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, chuy\u1ec3n h\u1ecd sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1ch m\u1edbi: C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1: N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao m\u1eb7c cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 tr\u00ean 400 000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u00edt th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c to\u00e0n c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i v\u1eabn \u0111ang d\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc ghi nh\u1edb c\u0169 r\u00edch truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 trong c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi, sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u00edch d\u1eabn g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c do c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. C\u00e1c gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft v\u00e0o l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Ngay c\u1ea3 sinh vi\u00ean \u1edf c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ch\u00e1n v\u1edbi c\u00e1c “m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t” v\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u00f3 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 cho v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00e1c.\u201d T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y: \u201c\u00d4ng ngh\u0129 bao l\u00e2u \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd x\u1ea3y ra?\u201d \u00d4ng \u1ea5y m\u1ec9m c\u01b0\u1eddi: \u201cC\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u0103m n\u0103m, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. Th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ba m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m n\u1eefa k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u n\u00e2ng c\u1ea5p ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u00e0o trong kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. M\u1ed9t gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: “V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao. T\u1eeb b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u1edbi h\u01a1n 1 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p v\u00f4 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n lao \u0111\u1ed9ng sang c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. T\u00f4i r\u1ea5t m\u1eebng l\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u00e2y gi\u1edd nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 l\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh d\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.\u201d<\/p>\n

M\u1eb7c cho cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tri th\u1ee9c trong mi\u1ec1n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1eabn cao, ngay c\u1ea3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u1ecbp. Theo Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (NASSCOM), \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng qu\u00e3ng 500,000 nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i, \u0111\u00f3 \u0111ang l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng nhanh t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 cao. C\u00f4ng ti Tata Consultancy Services, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, thu\u00ea qu\u00e3ng 3,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. Infosys, c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thu\u00ea 2,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea 8,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi v\u00e0 IBM s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n h\u01a1n 50,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ee5 \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2010. Thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea5y: L\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n. Th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00ec \u00edt ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Malaysia hay Philippines v\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u01b0\u1ee3t ch\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd thay v\u00ec ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Khu tr\u01b0\u1eddng Mysore c\u1ee7a Infosys l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5. Th\u00e1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi th\u0103m trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t \u1ea5n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ti\u1ec7n nghi.\u00a0 Trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 120 gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean c\u01a1 h\u1eefu, h\u01a1n 80 to\u00e0 nh\u00e0 v\u1edbi 2,350 ph\u00f2ng v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p chi\u1ebfu phim cho sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 4,500 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u0103ng tuy\u1ec3n trong m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc 16 tu\u1ea7n d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o 15,000 sinh vi\u00ean trong n\u0103m t\u1edbi.\u00a0 C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n b\u00f3ng \u0111\u00e1, m\u1ed9t s\u00e2n cricket, m\u1ed9t b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i, m\u1ed9t b\u00e3i ch\u01a1i bowling v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u00f2ng t\u1eadp th\u1ec3 d\u1ee5c l\u1edbn. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a Infosys b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111ang l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trung t\u00e2m n\u00e0y trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u201d\u00a0 M\u1ed9t ti\u1ec7n nghi \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi th\u0103m l\u00e0 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a IBM, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ed7 cho 10,000 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n cho n\u00ean d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd v\u1eabn c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean Kiran Karnik, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch NASSCOM b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: “Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u1eabn thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1eaft r\u1ec5 v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c thi\u1ebfu s\u00f3t s\u00e2u s\u1eafc m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn. Khi kinh t\u1ebf ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u00f9ng n\u1ed5 trong 10 n\u0103m qua, nhi\u1ec1u gia \u0111\u00ecnh th\u00fac con em h\u1ecd v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. S\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea7n g\u1ea5p ba nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 hi\u1ebfm khi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec7n, v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y m\u1ed9t tu\u1ea7n, c\u00e1c l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed9 di\u1ec7n v\u00ec h\u1ecd b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n m\u1edf c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 k\u00e8m c\u1eb7p sinh vi\u00ean. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee7 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng nhu c\u1ea7u cao c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng cho h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ee7 cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ebfm th\u00eam ti\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y k\u00e8m t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n c\u00e1c m\u00f4n. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn s\u00e1ch gi\u00e1o khoa \u0111\u1ec1u c\u0169 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eaft cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng chung s\u00e1ch n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng th\u1eadt n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t. Ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t nh\u01b0 Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. C\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u00e0y ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i d\u00e0nh \u00edt nh\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t n\u0103m hay h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u00e8m c\u00e1c m\u00f4n ri\u00eang \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ec thi \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o, cho n\u00ean gi\u1ea3ng d\u1ea1y ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc c\u0169 r\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ec3m tra cao. Vi\u1ec7c t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u1ecdc nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t v\u00e0 nh\u1ed3i nh\u00e9t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ee9 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ngh\u0129 hay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5 b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1eabn nhau b\u1eb1ng m\u1ecdi gi\u00e1.\u201d<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 c\u1ea3 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111ang chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecd \u0111ang t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o cung c\u1ea5p c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec khi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1eebng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111i v\u00e0o v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ho\u00e0i nghi g\u00ec r\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u201cMicrosoft\u201d hay \u201cGoogle\u201d c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd d\u00f9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c hay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i ng\u1ed3i tr\u00ean m\u00e1y bay, t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 21 l\u00e0 “t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9.” V\u00e2ng, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111ang x\u1ea3y ra v\u1edbi t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a internet v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111i nhanh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ee5t l\u1ea1i sau. H\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1ec1 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh h\u00e0ng h\u00e0ng l\u1edbp l\u1edbp sinh vi\u00ean ng\u1ed3i y\u00ean t\u0129nh trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc, ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y.<\/p>\n

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Last few weeks I was in China and India for business, here is my recent blog:<\/p>\n

Last week, I spent several days in K-Park, an industrial park in Wuxi, China. There are many beautiful buildings located next to Tai lake (Thai Ho) with nice lawns and many trees just planted few months ago. The classroom was modern with many young engineers. They are China\u2019s best graduates that allow them to get jobs in this high-tech industry, the most prestigious jobs in China today. They do not come to learn software engineering or computer science but English. The instructor reminded them: \u201cEnglish only, anyone saying something else will be punished\u201d. The class laughed as I was introduced to them. Nearly three decades of efforts to become the \u201cManufacturing center for the world\u201d China discovered the benefit of information technology. For the past 25 years, China\u2019s information technology was only consumed domestically to support manufactures and telecommunication industries with minimum effort to look elsewhere when India moved up and took over the lucrative outsourcing business. Today due to the financial crisis and other issues about declining exports, pollution, toxic wastes etc. the government begin to shut down many manufactures, move them to other countries, and start a new clean industry: Information technology, especially software for outsourcing.<\/p>\n

However, China has a problem: It does not have enough highly skilled software workers despite the fact that China graduates over 400,000 new engineers every year but only a few are actually could do the work because the education systems are not adequate for global works and need improvement. One professor told me: \u201cWe are still using the traditional rote memorization in classes and in the exams, our students can recite almost everything but they can not apply to real works required by the global software industry. Our university curricula are focusing mostly in theories rather than practices. Even students from the best schools are fed-up with \u201ccram courses\u201d and graduate without the basic skills. That is why we are improving it now so few years from now we could catch up with others\u201d. I asked him: \u201cHow long do you think it would take?\u201d He smiled: \u201cMaybe five years, maybe ten years but it does not matter. Time is not important as long as we are making progress toward our goal. Thirty years ago, we start the manufacturing effort and today we are the manufacturing center of the world. Maybe twenty year from now we will be the information technology center of the world\u201d.<\/p>\n

Even before the government\u2019s technology education improvement initiative, China\u2018s high-tech companies already began to staff up their people to prepare for the move into outsourcing business. One software company CEO told me: “The problem is not a shortage of people, but a shortage of highly skilled software people.\u00a0 From the outside, this country with over 1 billion people may appear to have an unlimited supply of workers but the transition from labor to knowledge workers require significant investment in education. I am very glad that our government realizes it now and takes a very strong approach to improve the information technology education programs\u201d.<\/p>\n

Despite the financial crisis, demand for knowledge workers in Information Technology area is still high, even India is not able to keep up. According to the National Association of Software Services Companies of India (NASSCOM), India has a potential shortfall of 500,000 technology professionals by 2010. Actually, it is a problem of success. The outsourcing industry is expanding so fast that the population can’t keep up with the demand for high-skilled workers. Tata Consultancy Services, India’s largest software company, hires around 3,000 people a month. Infosys, the second largest plans to hire 2,000 people a month. Accenture plans to hire 8,000 in the next six months and IBM will need more than 50,000 additional people in India by 2010. A shortage means something India companies do not want to see: Higher wages. India’s success is based on the fact that its programmers work for less than those in developed countries such as the U.S and Europe. If India\u2018s industry can’t find enough workers to keep wages low, India may not be able to compete with China or other countries like Vietnam, Malaysia or Philippines and the entire software industry could stumble.<\/p>\n

Of course, to make sure that they will have enough workers, many India\u2019s companies started their own training centers rather than depending on their own universities. The Mysore campus of Infosys is an example. Last month, I visited this training center and was very impressed with the facilities.\u00a0 The training center has over 120 faculty members, more than 80 buildings with 2,350 rooms and even a movie complex for their students. It already had 4,500 students enrolled in the 16-week course for new employees but it is planned for 15,000 students in the near future.\u00a0 There is a soccer field, a cricket field, a swimming pool, a bowling alley and a large gym. An Infosys manager told me: \u201cWe are planning for several training centers like this in other cities so we will have enough workers to meet global demand\u201d.\u00a0 Another training facility that I visited was IBM\u2019s training center that could accommodate 10,000 workers so it seems India will remain very competitive.<\/p>\n

However Kiran Karnik, the NASSCOM chairman told me: “Even with several training centers like these, we still have actual shortage of skilled people. Much of the problem is rooted in a deeply flawed education system that can not be improved in a short time. As our economy booming in the past 10 years, more families push their children into information technology. The number of student has nearly tripled but the problems have simply grown worse because India has many universities that seldom have enough electricity, several days a week, classrooms have to shut down because no electricity, no computers. There are many universities where professors do not show up because they are busy opening up special courses at homes for tutoring students. We do not have enough qualified professors to meet the high demand of the industry and do not pay them enough so many have to earn additional money by having their own private tutoring courses. Most Textbooks are old and expensive so many students have to share books which are not very productive. Even the best schools such as Indian Institutes of Technology (IIT) with top-level professors also have problems. The competition to get into this university means students must spend at least a year or more in special private tutoring to pass the entrance exams, so instruction is strictly focus on rote learning to have high test scores. The focus is on cram and crams a lot of things without the capacity to think or to get along with people. The result is our well-educated software people always have problem to work on team because they are taught to compete with each others at all cost\u201d.<\/p>\n

It is obviously that both China and India are preparing for their future in information technology industry. Today they are focusing in provide skilled workers for the outsourcing business but this is only short term because when their education systems improve, they will not stop there but will move into better position of leading the software industry. I have no doubt that someday there will be a \u201cMicrosoft\u201d or \u201cGoogle\u201d of China or India and it is possible that people will use software created in China or India.<\/p>\n

As I sat on the airplane, I was thinking about the key factor of the 21st century which is \u201cspeed\u201d. Yes, everything is happening at the speed of the internet and if you do not move fast, you will be left behind. My last vivid image of China and India is a picture of row after row of students sat quietly in classrooms, waiting to be taught.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 blog m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i: Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc, t\u00f4i d\u00e0nh v\u00e0i ng\u00e0y … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3106","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3106"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3106\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3108,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3106\/revisions\/3108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3106"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3106"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3106"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}