{"id":3103,"date":"2013-07-08T16:05:43","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T09:05:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3103"},"modified":"2013-07-08T16:05:43","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T09:05:43","slug":"loi-khuyen-cho-nguoi-lam-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3103","title":{"rendered":"L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tin tri th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0: Java, C++, Linux, Windows NT, .Net, v.v. nh\u1eefng tri th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. H\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ti thu\u00ea h\u1ecd vi\u1ebft ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh trong Java, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 Java v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ti mu\u1ed1n .Net th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft .Net v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc. V\u00ec ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec1u thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3i theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft h\u00f4m nay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i tri th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1ea5y v\u00e0 k\u00e9o d\u00e0i theo th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 “b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m” v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t then ch\u1ed1t gi\u1eefa \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u1ed9 m\u00f4n k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3, b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 hay ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. “Tri th\u1ee9c b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t” n\u00e0y l\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec3u chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c doanh nghi\u1ec7p, thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf giao di\u1ec7n gi\u1eefa ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nguy\u00ean g\u1ed1c v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v.v. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m so v\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed7i ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Ng\u00e0y nay, d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng t\u00ecm ra ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eabn d\u1eaft d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1edbi th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Theo m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 l\u01b0\u01a1ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn r\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi r\u1ed3i, cho n\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee9ng l\u1ea1i hay h\u01a1i gi\u1ea3m \u0111i trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua. Ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u kh\u00f4ng thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u1eefa b\u1edfi v\u00ec r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ec9 v\u00ec m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u01a1ng so v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m \u1edf M\u0129 hay ch\u00e2u \u00c2u y\u00eau c\u1ea7u. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n l\u00e0 d\u1ecbch chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh sang \u201ck\u0129 n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p-k\u0129 thu\u1eadt\u201d v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1eb7t ra chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn cho nhu c\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ngh\u0129 r\u1eb1ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u01b0 duy ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 \u0111i theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay b\u1ea1n \u0111ang c\u1ea1nh tranh trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u1edf Nam M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u Phi n\u01a1i h\u1ecd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m:<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a xu h\u01b0\u1edbng, \u0111\u1eebng theo sau. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111i l\u00ean trong c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01b0\u1edbng theo doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, hay ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ti\u1ebfp n\u01a1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u00f3. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 c\u1ea3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a c\u1ea3 hai xu h\u01b0\u1edbng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi v\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai thay v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 \u0111i theo ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m qua m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00eam. S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 s\u1ebd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p sang n\u0103m, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean mong \u0111\u1ee3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t v\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0 cao v\u00e0 s\u1ebd gay g\u1eaft h\u01a1n khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i v\u00e0o kinh doanh n\u00e0y. Tuy nhi\u00ean, n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam v\u1ec1 “ph\u00eda doanh nghi\u1ec7p-k\u0129 thu\u1eadt’ c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay \u00edt ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc th\u00eam v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n \u201cDoanh nghi\u1ec7p-K\u0129 thu\u1eadt\u201d nh\u01b0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac hay qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc ng\u1eafn ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0y v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Qua th\u1eddi gian, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd nh\u1eadn ra \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 trao cho b\u1ea1n nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 th\u0103ng c\u1ea5p. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n kinh nghi\u1ec7m th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00e0ng nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng khuy\u00ean r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n n\u00ean l\u1ea5y \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd sung s\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea5y ra r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft ch\u00fang nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. B\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p, b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0, v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong c\u00e1c r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t. T\u00f4i khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n n\u00ean h\u1ecdc th\u00eam c\u00e1c m\u00f4n ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y kh\u00f3a \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 trong mi\u1ec1n ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cao bao h\u00e0m c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh then ch\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1eadp t\u1edbi c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. \u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ti\u1ec7n d\u1ee5ng, chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 may r\u1ee7i c\u1ee7a gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea3i ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 v\u00e0 c\u00f4 l\u1eadp c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi, c\u00e1ch kh\u1edbp c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd th\u00e0nh th\u1ea3m h\u1ecda n\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e0 l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

K\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c \u0111ang c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thu\u00ea c\u00e1n b\u1ed9, l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 theo d\u00f5i d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 qua m\u1ecdi pha ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111ang th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00ecnh \u0111ang qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi” v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a k\u0129 thu\u1eadt” \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. C\u00e1 nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ea1i m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay, \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111i theo chi\u1ec1u h\u01b0\u1edbng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n. Ch\u00eca kh\u00f3a \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong vi\u1ec7c thu nh\u1eadn tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 hai k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan tr\u1ecdng: trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef nh\u01b0ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang gi\u1eefa kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nhi\u1ec1u kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1eadt chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh doanh nghi\u1ec7p b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 trao \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. H\u1ecdc trao \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c t\u1eeb kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3.<\/p>\n

K\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qua \u0111\u00eam. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, thay v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, h\u00e3y t\u1ef1 m\u00ecnh nh\u1eadn n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra l\u1eddi gi\u1ea3i cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3. C\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng l\u00e2u m\u1ea5y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n t\u1edbi h\u1ecfi \u00fd ki\u1ebfn khi c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n s\u1eeda hay d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi c\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i, n\u00f3 c\u00f2n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean \u1edf m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nhi\u1ec1u tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c “ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh” \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Advise to software people<\/p>\n

Many programmers believe software knowledge is programming languages or computing technologies such as: Java, C++, Linux, Windows NT, .Net, etc. Knowledge that allows programmer to build software that can be run in a computer. They believe that if company hires them to write program in Java, they have to know something about Java and if the company wants .Net then they need to know .Net and that is all they have to learn. Since programming languages and technologies change often, programmers must keep up with these changes because what they know today can be obsolete within the next few years. However, there is another kind of software knowledge that does not change much and last a long time called “Software engineering disciplines” and this is the key different between computer science and software engineer training.<\/p>\n

Software engineering disciplines are the essential knowledge that people who work in software field must have regardless of the technology or programming languages. These \u201cessential knowledge\u201d are the ability to understand the business strategy, establish requirements specification, architect a computer system, design interfaces between hardware and software, implement and verify that the implementation meets the original requirements and understand the quality attributes etc. A good software engineer must have a broader view of software business than just programming languages. Today, it is easy to find people with programming skills, but finding people with the necessary software disciplines to guide a project to success is more difficult.<\/p>\n

According to several studies on salary in the software industry, there is a growing view that there are many programmers in the world already, so the salary of programmers is almost stand still or slightly declining in the past few years. Today most U.S and European companies do not hire programmers anymore because it is much easy to outsource programming works to China and India where programmers work for a fraction of what people in U.S or European requires. What the software industry need is a shift from programming skills to \u201cbusiness-technical skills\u201d and often these skills demand higher salaries because they are the ones who set the direction and guidance for the project\u2019s needs.<\/p>\n

Many of you may think that because of outsourcing, programming jobs are good but this is short term thinking. If you only following the global trend, you never get ahead because today you are competing in outsourcing works with India and China but in the next few years you will have to compete with other people in S. America and Africa where they also have programming skills and require much less salaries. Following are my advise to people who work in the software industry:<\/p>\n

I recommend that you need to get ahead of the trend, not to follow. To be successful, you should move up into more business-oriented software engineering positions such as systems analyst, requirements engineer, project manager, or systems architect to prepare for the next trends where companies will outsourced these positions. By having both programming skills and software engineering skills, you are positioning yourself to take advantage of both current and future trends rather than just following others. Of course, programmer can not just become a software engineer overnight. The transition takes time and requires the right experience and learning to be successful so you will need additional trainings.<\/p>\n

If you are students in computer science and will graduate next year, your chance is good in finding works in the outsourcing industry but you should not expect good salaries as the competition is high and will be much tougher as more and more countries are moving in this business. However, if you take additional trainings in “business-technical side” of software engineer or information system management, you will have much better chance and could demand better salaries because today there are few people having these skills.<\/p>\n

If you already worked in the industry as programmer, you could try to learn more about \u201cBusiness \u2013Technical\u201d areas such as design, architect or management. You could learn about software project management and business analysis works by taking some short courses and apply the knowledge into your project. Over time, your managers will recognize it and give you more responsibilities or maybe a promotion. Nothing is better than actual experiences. The more you know the more you will realize that you need more training because learning is continuous and should never stop.<\/p>\n

The key to succeed in outsourcing work is to understand customer\u2019s needs and be able to solve problems for them. I also recommend that you take requirements engineering training to work directly with the customers to know their needs. Your manager will be happy to find out that you are capable of identifying problems and solving them quickly and efficiently. The better you can work with customers, the more you will learn about their business and the more you know about business, the better you can improve your skills. As a requirements engineer, you work with project managers, architects, and customers to identify what must be done within time, cost and quality constraints, all of which are critical elements that can make the difference between success and failure. As requirements engineer, you will work with customers and it can be difficult to identify issues when you can not communicate well. I recommend that you take language courses, especially in communication as you have to discuss with customers directly. This is the chance to show management that you are valuable to the company.<\/p>\n

If you do not like to work with customers but prefer technical skills then you may want to take additional training in the architecture areas. This is position that is highly technical involving key decisions to address how the new system will fit into the organization’s overall infrastructures. In order to be successful, the architect needs to understand and control the elements associated with the utility, cost, and risk factors of the proposed solution. System architects must make decisions how to decompose and isolate the different components that will be required, how to fit these components into the existing infrastructure, and in what order to implement each component. It can be a disaster to implement a system that isn’t compatible with the organization’s current systems.<\/p>\n

Another skill in high demand is software project manager. This job is responsible for hiring the staff, setting the schedule, and keeping track of the progress through every phase of development. This person is also responsible for assigning the work, dealing with everyday problems affecting that work, and making sure each programmer is carrying his own task. The project manager can best carry out this function if he truly understands the work he is managing. The project manager must be both a “people person” as well as a “technical person” in order to succeed. This individual must work with technical and non-technical staff at every level of the organization in order to succeed in his goals. Additionally, the project manager has to manage his team effectively to produce the desired product on time.<\/p>\n

Today, to get ahead you need to understand business and how to apply technology to make it better. Being able to follow management directions is good but being able to make your own judgments without a lot of support is more important. The key to success is to differentiate you from the others. I have advised you to improve your skills in acquire advanced knowledge but there are two important skills: communication and leadership.<\/p>\n

Everyone can learn a foreign language but communication skills take much longer to develop. Communication takes the right mix of experience and training to become effective. Many customers do not understand the technical to describe their requirements in detail and many technical people do not understand the business processes because they can not communicate with the customers. Learning to communicate, and having the patience to gain knowledge from the customers, is an essential skill that many people don’t have.<\/p>\n

Leadership skill is also not something you can learn overnight. You must start with an active attitude, instead of asking your management to help with a problem, take it upon yourself to find the answer to that problem. Before too long, you can be the one who others in project come to ask when there is a problem to fix or a new project to complete. Gaining problem-solving experience not only improves communication, it also improves your chances of moving into leadership positions.<\/p>\n

The best way to moving up at any company is to let management know what you are capable of. Be able to answer customer\u2019s questions, solve problems, accept more responsibilities, and share a solution is a sure way to distinguish yourself from being “just a programmer” to the top candidate for management promotion.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh tin tri th\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0: Java, C++, Linux, Windows … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3103","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3103"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3105,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3103\/revisions\/3105"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3103"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}