{"id":3101,"date":"2013-07-08T16:03:59","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T09:03:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3101"},"modified":"2013-07-08T16:03:59","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T09:03:59","slug":"nghe-ki-nghe-phan-mem-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3101","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2005-2025 v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea7y h\u1ee9a h\u1eb9n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Sinh vi\u00ean mu\u1ed1n theo \u0111u\u1ed5i ngh\u1ec1 trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng gi\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. H\u1ecd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng h\u1ecd g\u1eb7p. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ri\u00eang trong quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fa \u00fd s\u00edt sao h\u01a1n t\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u1ee5 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi n\u01a1i h\u1ecd th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng, h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd th\u00edch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ea1ng, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 internet, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng web v\u00e0 an ninh m\u1ea1ng.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u \u01b0a th\u00edch ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 \u00edt nh\u1ea5t b\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c r\u1ed9ng v\u1ec1 \u0111a d\u1ea1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. \u0110\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft ngu\u1ed3n t\u1eeb khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, an ninh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n l\u1edbn. Sinh vi\u00ean t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch tham gia v\u00e0o kho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nh\u1eefng kinh nghi\u1ec7m n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p cho sinh vi\u00ean tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m r\u1ed9ng, l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd th\u00e0nh h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn h\u01a1n v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tuy\u1ec3n d\u1ee5ng. \u1ede M\u0129 h\u01a1n 80% sinh vi\u00ean tham gia v\u00e0o kho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trung trong th\u00e1ng h\u00e8 khi so v\u1edbi 42% \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 22% \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u00e3 cho sinh vi\u00ean M\u0129 \u01b0u th\u1ebf l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i li\u00ean t\u1ee5c c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng thu nh\u1eadn k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9ng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec3 gi\u00fap h\u1ecd b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n l\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngh\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n do c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ea5p. Gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khuy\u1ebfn kh\u00edch r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh \u1edf M\u0129 v\u1edbi tr\u00ean 75% c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng ti ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam, trong khi ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u00edt h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u1edbi 45% \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ee9c, Scandinavia v\u00e0 \u00edt h\u01a1n 30% \u1edf Ph\u00e1p, T\u00e2y Ban Nha v\u00e0 Italy. Trong h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ch\u00e2u \u00c1, ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c, vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi v\u1eabn l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n l\u1ea5y vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1ea7n khi so v\u1edbi v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Theo v\u00e0i nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, \u0111ang c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t tr\u1ea7m tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng thi\u1ebfu c\u1ee1 2 t\u1edbi 5 tri\u1ec7u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2010 t\u1edbi 2015, m\u1eb7c cho s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang cho t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t tri\u1ec7u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.\u00a0 C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e2ng cao cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u0103ng l\u00ean theo kinh nghi\u1ec7m. M\u1ee9c t\u1eadp s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0ng khi h\u1ecd tr\u1edf n\u00ean c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean l\u00e0m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, hay gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u1ec1 doanh nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 K\u0129 s\u01b0 tr\u01b0\u1edfng hay nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean khi vi\u1ec7c k\u1ebft m\u1ea1ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 Internet \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng Internet, intranet, v\u00e0 World Wide Web. Gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng x\u1eed l\u00ed d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c s\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 tinh vi h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7, v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u0103ng l\u00ean, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong an ninh th\u00f4ng tin.\u00a0 C\u00e1c m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m qua “an ninh trong kh\u00f4ng gian xi be\u201d n\u1ea3y sinh do c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u1eed s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng. Vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y trong 10 n\u0103m t\u1edbi s\u1ebd d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1ec1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 an ninh m\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 t\u00edch h\u1ee3p ch\u00fang v\u00e0o trong c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u0169 h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1edbi c\u00e1c thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch c\u1eaft chi ph\u00ed b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u00edt sinh l\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i h\u01a1n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed, b\u1edfi v\u00ec k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m y\u00eau c\u1ea7u tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed5i m\u1edbi, \u0111i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 chuy\u1ec3n ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi cho doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft m\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u1ea3y sinh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. T\u1ed5 l\u00f5i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7, ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb, x\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau cho t\u1edbi khi s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u00e3ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian xa kh\u1ecfi v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

L\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf M\u0129 trong n\u0103m 2008-2010 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 USD $ 60,000 t\u1edbi $ 80,000 m\u1ed9t n\u0103m tu\u1ef3 theo chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. (\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc bang) B\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p cao nh\u01b0 b\u1eb1ng Master hay c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ea9y l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00eam $ 10,000. V\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1eeb USD $100,000 t\u1edbi 150,000 v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 5 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

According to the latest study, software engineer is one of the occupations projected to grow the fastest in 2005-2025 with excellent job prospects for applicants with bachelor\u2019s degree in software engineering, Information technology management, and computer science. Students who want to pursue a career in software field must have strong problem-solving and analytical skills. They also must be able to communicate effectively with team members and the customers they meet. Because they often deal with a number of specific technical tasks in relation with business, they must pay close attention to additional skills related to where they like to work. For example if they like to work for a bank, they should have some knowledge in finance so that they understand banks\u2019 computer needs. If they like to work for a network company, they will need knowledge of the internet, web applications and network security.<\/p>\n

Most companies prefer applicants who have at least a bachelor\u2019s degree and broad knowledge of variety of computer systems and technologies. The typical major for software workers is computer science but in recent years, software engineering and information system management are preferred because of increasing emphasis on software process, computer security, project management, especially in large software companies and consulting firms. Students seeking software works can improve their employment opportunities by participating in internships at software companies. These experiences provide students with broad knowledge and experience, making them more attractive to employers. In the U.S more than 80% of students participate in internships during the summer month as compare with 42% in Europe and 22% in Asia. The ability to work before graduation has given U.S students significant advantages for employment in global software companies.<\/p>\n

As technology changes, companies will need workers with the latest skills therefore software workers must continually strive to acquire new skills if they wish to remain in this dynamic field. To help keep up with changing technology, software workers need to take continuing education and professional development certificates offered by software training vendors or universities. Continuing education is not new but it is strongly encouraged in the U.S with over 75% of software workers take advantage of company\u2019s endorsement of additional training where Europe is much less with 45% in Germany, Scandinavia countries and lesser than 30% in France, Spain, and Italy. In most countries in Asia, except Japan and S. Korea, lifelong learning is still a new concept with few workers take continuing education to improve their skills.<\/p>\n

In the global economy, many companies have to adopt and integrate new technologies to maximize the efficiency of their computer systems and they need more software engineers to implement these changes. The demand for software engineer who could work for global companies and travel to different countries has increase ten fold as compare to few years ago.\u00a0 According to several studies, there is a critical shortage of software people in every countries and worldwide demand is estimated at 2 to 5 million software engineers from 2010 to 2015, despite the fact that India and China are graduating over million software engineer each year.\u00a0 Advancement opportunities for software workers increase with experience. Entry-level is likely to focus mostly on testing and programming but as they become more experienced, workers may move up to design and architect software. Eventually, they may advance to become a project manager, manager of information systems, or chief information officer, especially if they have business skills and training. Some software engineers with several years of experience can find opportunities working as Chief engineers or independent consultants. Demand for software engineers will continue to increase as networking continues to grow. The expanding Internet technologies have advance demand for software engineers who can develop Internet, intranet, and World Wide Web applications. Likewise, electronic data-processing systems in business, telecommunications, government, and other settings continue to become more sophisticated and complex. Implementing, safeguarding, and updating computer systems and resolving problems will fuel the demand for growing numbers of software engineers who specialized in information security.\u00a0 Concerns over \u201ccyber security\u201d result in company continuing to invest heavily in software that protects their networks and vital electronic infrastructure from attack. The expansion of this technology in the next 10 years will lead to an increased need for network security engineers to design and develop the software and systems to run these new applications and integrate them into older systems.<\/p>\n

As with other changes by globalization, outsourcing of software development to other lower cost countries may somewhat impact employment growth of some computer jobs in developed countries. Several companies may look to cut costs by shifting some operations to foreign countries with lower wages and highly educated workers. Jobs in software engineering are less prone to being outsourced than are jobs in computer programming and testing, because software engineering requires innovation and intense business knowledge and skills that are difficult to transfer oversea. Most Software engineers analyze users’ needs, design, architect, and maintain the needed software or systems for the business and solve any problems that arise. Software engineers often work as part of a team that designs new hardware, software, and systems. A core team may have engineering, marketing, factory, and design people who work together until the product is done. Software engineers who are employed by global companies and consulting firms are required to spend time away from their offices and travel meet with customers.<\/p>\n

The salary of software engineer in the U.S for 2008-2010 is approximately USD $ 60,000 to $ 80,000 a year depending on the specialty and university degree. (Top university is higher than state university) Advanced degree such as Master degree or experiences also help boosts the salary an additional of $ 10,000. For engineer who could travel, especially international travel could bring the salary to USD $100,000 to 150,000 to a software engineering degree with 5 years of experiences.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t, k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t trong c\u00e1c n\u0103m 2005-2025 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3101","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3101","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3101"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3101\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3102,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3101\/revisions\/3102"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}