{"id":3094,"date":"2013-07-08T15:57:48","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T08:57:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3094"},"modified":"2013-07-08T15:57:48","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T08:57:48","slug":"he-thong-giao-duc-cua-an-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3094","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"font-size: 14px;\">M\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong khu v\u1ef1c CNTT \u0111ang hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3. T\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1ecb \u0111e do\u1ea1 b\u1edfi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao, n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. \u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u0103ng l\u00ean trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00f9 \u0111\u1eafp ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0o cho m\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 n\u00e0y.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>PH\u00c2N T\u00cdCH: C\u1ea3 ba c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t trong ba c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng th\u00eam;<\/li>\n<li>Infosys \u0111ang l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc CNTT c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u1edf Bangalore; v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>Wipro \u0111ang th\u0103m d\u00f2 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o CNTT \u1edf mi\u1ec1n nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd n\u00e2ng chi ph\u00ed tuy\u1ec3n sinh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1edbi m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o CNTT c\u00f3 \u01b0u ti\u00ean then ch\u1ed1t khi thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111e do\u1ea1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai. Th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 qua, t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng khu v\u1ef1c CNTT h\u00e0ng n\u0103m c\u1ee1 20-30% \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m c\u1ea1n ki\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, t\u1ea1o ra thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t lao \u0111\u1ed9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 n\u00e2ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00ean, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi k\u0129 s\u01b0 CNTT \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ea5p b\u1ed1n so v\u1edbi n\u0103m n\u0103m qua.<\/p>\n<p>M\u1eb7c cho xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y, l\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n c\u1ef1c k\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh khi so v\u1edbi M\u0129, v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n khu v\u1ef1c CNTT \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 ki\u1ebfm trung b\u00ecnh 18,000 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed9t n\u0103m so v\u1edbi 65,00 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean M\u0129. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea1nh tranh h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 Singapore, l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 32,000 \u0111\u00f4 la, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 chi ph\u00ed kh\u00e1c &#8212; nh\u01b0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n &#8212; v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. S\u1ee9c \u00e9p chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u1ed5i l\u00ean, g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 nguy c\u01a1 m\u1ea5t \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n<p>B\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. B\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc vi\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u01b0 l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5p c\u1ea3 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc. Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi l\u0103m n\u0103m qua, n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng ki\u1ebfn t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng phi th\u01b0\u1eddng trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c th\u1ee9 ba, v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc t\u01b0 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng cung c\u1ea5p ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao h\u01a1n t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 5,000 t\u1edbi 12,000. S\u1ed1 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u00e0 20%, v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o ra 520,000 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 m\u1ed7i n\u0103m &#8212; con s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn th\u1ee9 hai th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p>\u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c Vi\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc theo qui ch\u1ebf t\u1eadp trung, ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ef1c k\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1ea5t th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 m\u1edbi &#8212; \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 bang hay b\u1edfi khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0 nh\u00e2n &#8212; n\u01a1i c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n \u00edt ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 n\u01a1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5ng l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a gia \u0111\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 ph\u00ed c\u1eaft c\u1ed5, thay v\u00ec th\u00e0nh t\u00edch h\u00e0n l\u00e2m c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean.<\/p>\n<p>V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. T\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng x\u1ee9ng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, NASSCOM, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra v\u00e0 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>g\u1ea7n 70% sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 t\u1eeb mi\u1ec1n nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 &#8212; n\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT l\u1ea5y l\u00e0m c\u0103n c\u1ee9 &#8212; th\u1eadm ch\u00ed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ea7n cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT;<\/li>\n<li>c\u00e1c bang mi\u1ec1n b\u1eafc \u1edf t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng h\u01a1i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi 60% sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y; v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>hai trong ba sinh vi\u00ean k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p tho\u1ea3 \u0111\u00e1ng cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu k\u0129 n\u0103ng ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hay ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u00ec thi tr\u01b0\u1eddng bang c\u0169ng \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c k\u00ec thi ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c n\u1eb7ng n\u1ec1 v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc c\u0169 r\u00edch v\u00e0 h\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y t\u01b0 duy ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 cho c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, v\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n nh\u1eadn v\u00e0o th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n. \u1ede m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 bang mi\u1ec1n nam \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, n\u01a1i 75% v\u1ecb tr\u00ed \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng, h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n<p>T\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c qui ch\u1ebf n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng cho c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf thu\u1ed9c khu v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng, m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 mi\u1ec5n tr\u1eeb \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y c\u00e1c t\u00e0i n\u0103ng cao nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea5t k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean hay b\u1ed1i c\u1ea3nh c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 do Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111ang ch\u1ecbu s\u1ee9c \u00e9p ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn &#8212; t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3ng ph\u00e1i &#8220;d\u00e2n tu\u00fd&#8221; ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu theo v\u00f9ng &#8212; \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0o Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 Khoa h\u1ecdc trung t\u00e2m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c t\u01b0. N\u1ebfu ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 tr\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng s\u1ee9c \u00e9p n\u00e0y, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi t\u1eadp k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n<p>C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i. S\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ebb em t\u0103ng l\u00ean, t\u1eeb giai c\u1ea5p trung b\u00ecnh \u0111ang m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, \u0111ang nh\u00ecn ra n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c b\u1edfi v\u00ec s\u1ef1 kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c n\u1ed9i. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1999, s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u1edf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng nhanh ch\u00f3ng:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>t\u1eeb 36,000 l\u00ean 79,000 \u1edf M\u0129;<\/li>\n<li>t\u1eeb 6,000 l\u00ean 15,000 \u1edf Anh; v\u00e0<\/li>\n<li>t\u1eeb 8,000 l\u00ean 20,000 \u1edf Australia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0110\u1ebfn 2025, m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Qua th\u1eddi k\u00ec hai n\u0103m trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1990, 65% sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u1edf Chennai \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, m\u1eb7c cho s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 sinh vi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eaft \u0111\u1ecf t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf c\u1ea5p b\u1eadc cao trong \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ea5p trung b\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. M\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc sau khi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, l\u00e0m t\u1ed3i t\u1ec7 th\u00eam s\u1ef1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Trong khi vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i kinh t\u1ebf \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea5y lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea3y v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 v\u1eabn ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1ed1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n<p>\u0110\u1ea7u t\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 trung t\u00e2m kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 d\u00e0nh t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean th\u00eam cho c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba do nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng chi ti\u00eau trong gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Trong khi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 h\u1ecdc v\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e3 cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hi v\u1ecdng v\u1ec1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng khu v\u1ef1c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o &#8216;n\u1eeda k\u0129 n\u0103ng&#8217;, vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf b\u00ean th\u1ee9 ba ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean m\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Infosys ,Wipro v\u00e0 TCS \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0, trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai tr\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eaft, c\u00e1c s\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a ri\u00eang h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n cho nhu c\u1ea7u lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ea1i \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti CNTT \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u do v\u1eady kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng.<\/p>\n<p>K\u1ebeT LU\u1eacN: Tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u01a1i ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, b\u1edfi v\u00ec nh\u1eefng khi\u1ebfm khuy\u1ebft dai d\u1eb3ng trong h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c qua, \u01b0u th\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 trong d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CNTT &#8212; k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i qui tr\u00ecnh-tri th\u1ee9c &#8212; c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng kh\u00f3 duy tr\u00ec.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&#8212;-English version&#8212;-<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>India&#8217;s education systems<\/p>\n<p>The looming threat of a skills shortage in the key IT sector, and corporate plans to deal with it. India&#8217;s service sector growth is threatened by a shortage of highly-skilled labor, resulting from weaknesses in the education system. Increased investment in IT education by leading companies may only partially off set this threat.<\/p>\n<p>ANALYSIS: All three of India&#8217;s leading software companies are developing educational institutions to increase the number of high-skilled workers:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Tata Consultancy Services (TCS), the largest of the three, has already set up a training institute, which it is likely to expand;<\/li>\n<li>Infosys is planning to establish its own IT college in Bangalore; and<\/li>\n<li>Wipro is proposing to build an IT training college in southern India.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>These investments will raise their recruiting costs. However, given the industry&#8217;s rapid expansion, IT education is a key priority as an emerging skills shortage may threaten future growth. Over the last decade, annual IT sector growth rates of 20-30% have depleted existing talent pools, producing high-skilled labor shortages and driving up salaries which, for Indian IT engineers, are thought to have quadrupled over the past five years.<\/p>\n<p>Despite this trend, Indian wages remain extremely competitive as compared to the United States, with Indian IT sector workers earning an average of 18,000 dollars a year against 65,00 dollars for US employees. However, in more competitive countries like Singapore, average annual salaries are 32,000 dollars, and other cost factors &#8212; such as quality of infrastructure &#8212; are more favorable. Cost pressures and an emerging skills shortage, suggest that the Indian IT industry is at risk of losing its current competitive advantage.<\/p>\n<p>Educational expansion. The move to develop private training institutes is a result of the Indian education system&#8217;s failure to produce high-skilled IT workers. This is despite the high number of college graduates. In the last fifteen years, the country has seen prodigious growth in tertiary-sector education, with the number of private and public colleges offering higher educational qualifications rising from 5,000 to 12,000. The number of engineering students has expanded at an annual rate of 20%, with India producing 520,000 engineering graduates each year &#8212; the second largest number in the world.<\/p>\n<p>India has a small number of exclusive, centrally-regulated Institutes of Technology and Science, which are extremely competitive and where entry standards are closely monitored. However, beyond these there has been a sudden growth of new technology colleges &#8212; run either by state governments or by the private sector &#8212; where standards are less rigorous, and where the success of an application may depend on the family&#8217;s willingness to pay exorbitant admission fees, rather than the<br \/>\nstudent&#8217;s academic record.<\/p>\n<p>Quality problems. Accordingly, the number of new graduates is not matched by improvements in quality. India&#8217;s software association, NASSCOM, recently commissioned a survey which found that:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>nearly 70% of engineering graduates from southern India &#8212; where most of the IT industry is based &#8212; do not even possess the skills required for traineeships in the IT industry;<\/li>\n<li>northern states fared slightly better, with only 60% of graduates deemed inadequate for jobs in the sector; and<\/li>\n<li>two out of every three engineering graduates would be unable to make a satisfactory contribution to the industry for lack of the requisite analytical or linguistic skills.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The nature of state school examinations also contributes to the problem of quality. Exams depend! heavily on rote learning and do little to promote independent analytical thinking. Moreover, public schools are subject to rules of positive discrimination, which require them to admit a certain proportion of students from the lower castes, at lower admissions standards. In certain southern Indian states, where 75% of college places are allocated on the basis of caste and community, such affirmative action severely affects educational standards and compromises the quality of graduates.<\/p>\n<p>Thus far, these regulations have only applied to public-sector institutions, although the central Institutes of Technology and Science have claimed exemption to foster the highest talents regardless of a student&#8217;s caste or community background. However, the present Congress-led government is coming under increasing pressure &#8212; from mainly regional &#8216;populist&#8217; parties &#8212; to extend positive discrimination measures into the central Institutes of Technology and Science and private sector education. If the government is unable to withstand these pressures, the result may be an increase in the number of graduates with skill-sets that do not reflect their formal<br \/>\nqualifications.<\/p>\n<p>Foreign opportunities. An increasing number of children from India&#8217;s rapidly expanding middle class are looking abroad for an education because of the inadequacies of the domestic education system. Since 1999, the number of Indian students in colleges abroad has expanded rapidly:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>from 36,000 to 79,000 in the United States;<\/li>\n<li>from 6,000 to 15,000 in the United Kingdom; and<\/li>\n<li>from 8,000 to 20,000 inAustralia.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>By 2025, half of all international students at universities around the world will be of Indian origin. Over a two-year period in the 1990&#8217;s, 65% of graduates from the Indian Institute of Technology in Chennai were estimated to have left the country. However, despite the apparent growth in the number of Indian students overseas, foreign universities remain prohibitively expensive for all but the upper echelons of the country&#8217;s middle class. A very small proportion of foreign-educated Indian students return to the country after completing their studies abroad, further compounding the skills shortage. While recent improvements in economic opportunities in India have seen a steady stream of non-resident Indians returning home, the great majority continue to spend their working lives abroad.<\/p>\n<p>Educational investment. The central government is unable to devote additional resources to tertiary institutes of learning due to the need to increase expenditure in primary education. While improving literacy rates have given India hope of developing a &#8216;semi-skilled&#8217; manufacturing-sector workforce, the expansion of high quality tertiary institutions has suffered as a result. Companies such as Infosys ,Wipro and TCS are facing up to the skills challenge and, in the immediate future, their own educational initiatives may satisfy their own labor needs. However, the great majority of Indian IT companies are much smaller and thus unable to make similar investments in skills development.<\/p>\n<p>CONCLUSION: The onus of educating the next generation of IT engineers is likely to fall increasingly on the technology industry itself. Moreover, in view of the persistent deficiencies in the national education system, India&#8217;s present advantages in IT services &#8212; including business and knowledge-process outsourcing &#8212; could prove increasingly difficult to sustain.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>M\u1ed1i \u0111e do\u1ea1 v\u1ec1 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong khu v\u1ef1c CNTT \u0111ang hi\u1ec3n hi\u1ec7n, v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft &hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3094","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3094"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3095,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3094\/revisions\/3095"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}