{"id":3064,"date":"2013-07-08T15:01:35","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T08:01:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3064"},"modified":"2013-07-08T15:01:35","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T08:01:35","slug":"ki-su-phan-mem-chuyen-nghiep","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3064","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1edbi l\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 M\u0129 r\u1ed3i. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, \u00f4 t\u00f4 M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1970 khi c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00f4ng quan tr\u1ecdng b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u xe th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn h\u01a1n. Thay v\u00ec h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o \u00f4 t\u00f4 M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea3n v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch nh\u00ecn n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n nh\u01b0 Toyota, Honda ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 d\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1ef1ng xe v\u1edbi ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 \u00edt nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n khi h\u1ecd d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 d\u1ea7u s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng l\u00ean. Ng\u00e0y nay Toyota l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o xe \u00f4 t\u00f4 l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi khi GM, Chrysler \u0111ang \u0111\u1ec7 tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01a1n xin ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n. C\u00e2u chuy\u1ec7n n\u00e0y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf cho nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng so v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh: \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi l\u00e0: “Vi\u1ebft m\u00e3, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 th\u00eam.” V\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 l\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m chi\u1ebfm 80% trong vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 v\u00e0 20% trong ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u00e0nh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng sinh vi\u00ean d\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn th\u1eddi gian cho c\u00e1c l\u1edbp l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, l\u1edbp c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, l\u1edbp thu\u1eadt to\u00e1n v.v. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea1y v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 “gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng” v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u1edbi quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n mua v\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m kinh doanh v\u1edbi ai. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y r\u1eb1ng n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft bao nhi\u00eau d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nhi\u1ec1u, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng t\u1ea1o ra k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 M\u0129, h\u1ecd \u0111ang h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng.<\/p>\n

Theo nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. H\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay n\u00e2ng cao b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh theo h\u01b0\u1edbng chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p. Sau khi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p, h\u1ecd d\u1eebng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea7n, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd h\u1ecfi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u1ec1 “l\u1ed1i t\u1eaft” v\u00e0 “m\u1eb9o” ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng “th\u1eed v\u00e0 sai,” \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c th\u00f3i quen x\u1ea5u thay v\u00ec th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t. Th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y duy tr\u00ec c\u00e1c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00f4 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c l\u00e0m c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn qua nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea5p, qu\u00e1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd m\u1edbi x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng xong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i d\u1ea1y sinh vi\u00ean r\u1eb1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, t\u00ednh hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng, t\u00ednh an ninh, t\u00ednh truy nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u00ednh li\u00ean quan, t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, t\u00ednh \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 t\u00ednh h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 cung c\u1ea5p. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn cung c\u1ea5p th\u00f4ng tin v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 v\u00f4 d\u1ee5ng. Ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t then ch\u1ed1t cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00ec ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eb1m v\u00e0o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n “con ng\u01b0\u1eddi to\u00e0n b\u1ed9” li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi h\u1ecd v\u00e0 v\u1edbi th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0o.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Professional software engineer<\/p>\n

By this time, you probably know about the state of American automobile industry. For many years, American cars were the best in the world but something changed in 1970s when management decided that quality was not important than quantity because the more cars they can produce the more profits that can get. Instead of focus on quality, American automobile makers are massively producing more cars to increase profits.<\/p>\n

Contrast to this view, Japanese companies such as Toyota, Honda continue to focus on quality and spent a lot of research to built car with less fuel consumption as they anticipated that oil price will continue to go up. Today Toyota is the largest car manufacturing in the world when GM, Chrysler are filing for bankruptcy. The story is a reminder for many of us who are working in the software industry on the issue of quality versus quantity.<\/p>\n

When I asked programmers: What is the most important thing in software? The answer is: “Coding, coding and more coding”. For people who are trained in Computer Science, coding is the main activity and software development effort is mainly 80% coding and 20% testing. If you look at programs for a Bachelor degree in Computer Science, you will find that students spent a large amount of time in programming classes, data structure classes, algorithms classes etc. Many students believe that quality means software runs and does not crash but they are not taught about quality as a “value to the customers” and it is the customer’s choices to decide what to buy and who they want to do business with. Many students are taught that productivity is how many line of code they can do within a period of time so the more they can code, the better they are producing. Just like the American automotive industry, they are focusing on quantity not quality.<\/p>\n

According to several university studies, many developers do not pay attention to the changing in technology. They are not developing or advancing themselves professionally. After graduated, they stop learning and if needed, they will ask friends for “short cuts” and “Tricks” just to do their jobs. They work mostly by “trial-and-error”, which means that they are learning bad habits rather than best practices. This attitude perpetuates ineffective, inefficient practices that hinder the success of software projects as well as the software industry. Software quality is not a new issue, it has been improving for many years with numerous best practices but these are not taught in traditional programs. As a result, many companies are still facing low quality software, cost overruns and have their people work long hours to build software.<\/p>\n

In software engineering program, we teach students that software quality is determined by the quality, completeness, performance, security, accessibility, relevance, accuracy, timeliness, and overall usefulness of the functions that it provides. An big software that provides useless information is useless. Quality is also the value that software can provide to the customer and that is the key discriminator for business success. A software engineer is not just a technical person but also a business person as the training program aim at develop a “Total person” that continue learning throughout their life and with this attitude, they can work in any industry.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1edbi l\u00fac n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 l\u1ebd b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u00f4 t\u00f4 M\u0129 r\u1ed3i. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, \u00f4 t\u00f4 M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3064","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3064","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3064"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3064\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3066,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3064\/revisions\/3066"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3064"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3064"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3064"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}