{"id":306,"date":"2013-06-18T22:06:56","date_gmt":"2013-06-18T15:06:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=306"},"modified":"2013-06-18T22:06:56","modified_gmt":"2013-06-18T15:06:56","slug":"tuong-lai-nghe-nghiep-trong-cong-nghiep-cong-nghe-thong-tin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=306","title":{"rendered":"T\u01b0\u01a1ng lai ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng. V\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia th\u00e0nh hai ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ednh: \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nh\u01b0 x\u1eed l\u00ed v\u0103n b\u1ea3n, tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3 ho\u1ea1, l\u01b0u gi\u1eef d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, duy\u1ec7t web, L\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p (ERP), Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (CRM), Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n cung c\u1ea5p (SCM) v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng di \u0111\u1ed9ng. D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 bao g\u1ed3m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng CNTT, chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t ho\u00e1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, c\u00e0i \u0111\u1eb7t v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 m\u1ea1ng, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 CNTT li\u00ean quan nh\u01b0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y.<\/span><\/p>\n

Internet \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng tr\u00ean Internet. C\u00e1c n\u1ec1n di \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00eam n\u1eefa v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n app di \u0111\u1ed9ng. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a Internet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 an ninh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n. C\u00e1c \u0111e do\u1ea1 an ninh bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean t\u1eeb virus g\u00e2y h\u1ecfng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh t\u1edbi gian l\u1eadn tr\u1ef1c tuy\u1ebfn. Xem nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3, c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n \u0111ang \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m an ninh h\u01a1n, nh\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1eeda v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ed1ng virus \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an ninh cho m\u1ea1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t trong hai m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m qua. N\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p tr\u1ebb nh\u1ea5t so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 thanh ni\u00ean. C\u00f3 \u00edt c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n h\u01a1n 40 tu\u1ed5i cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 “v\u0103n ho\u00e1 thanh ni\u00ean” n\u01a1i c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng nh\u1eadn r\u1ee7i ro \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t ki\u1ebfn v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1eed nh\u00e2n (78%) trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u01b0\u1eddng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh vi\u00ean. H\u1ecd ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, vi\u1ebft, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ef1 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Khi h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m, h\u1ecd chuy\u1ec3n sang l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ng\u00e0y nay d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, nh\u01b0 C++ v\u00e0 Java. Khi h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch doanh nghi\u1ec7p hay \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00e1c tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed portfolio (nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n), gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin v.v. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong khu v\u1ef1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong Khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cung c\u1ea5p tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3, v\u00e0 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. Nh\u00f3m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1edbi tri th\u1ee9c doanh nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean b\u00e0n h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 \u0111\u1ec3 di\u1ec5n gi\u1ea3i v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cho ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. H\u1ecd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00fa \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i; ph\u00e2n t\u00edch v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 d\u00f9ng ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng g\u1eb7p ph\u1ea3i. Khi h\u1ecd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1ecb tr\u00ed chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, \u0111i\u1ec1u bao g\u1ed3m m\u1ed9t mi\u1ec1n r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch, \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng, hay thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf cho m\u1ed9t m\u1ea3nh \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tham gia v\u00e0o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1ea1ng nh\u01b0 m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9 (LAN), m\u1ea1ng di\u1ec7n r\u1ed9ng (WAN), Internet, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng truy\u1ec1n d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. C\u00e1c ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1ch-ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng cu\u1ed1i. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n trong khu v\u1ef1c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng trong Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 \u1edf trong m\u1ed9t khu v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e2u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, s\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n sang c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Th\u1eddi gian \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng 10 n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y. C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb v\u00e0 b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m cho vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u00e0 b\u00e1n s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 do ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y t\u1ea1o ra. Sau khi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong h\u1ecd c\u0169ng chuy\u1ec3n l\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

Theo nhi\u1ec1u b\u00e1o c\u00e1o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng qu\u00e3ng 18% t\u1edbi 26% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec 2012 \u2013 2022, v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00e1c. Tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, v\u00ec c\u00f3 thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng k\u0129 n\u0103ng CNTT, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. L\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng gi\u1edd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u0103ng l\u00ean 30 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m gi\u1eefa 2012 v\u00e0 2022, g\u1ea7n 5 l\u1ea7n t\u0103ng nhanh khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c. Nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u0169ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng tin c\u1eady v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. C\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u00e0 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, v\u00e0 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh.<\/p>\n

Tin c\u1eady t\u0103ng l\u00ean tr\u00ean Internet v\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u1ec1n di \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i ch\u00ednh cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. C\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c Internet \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 do v\u1eady ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ch\u1ea1y cho c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111ang n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. Thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 di \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 bi\u1ebfn thi\u00ean r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh \u0111ang l\u00e0m cho World Wide Web th\u00e0nh truy nh\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i. Khi doanh nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n tr\u1edf n\u00ean ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 n\u00e0y, s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u1ec1 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1edbi l\u00e0m c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng minh v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh b\u1ea3ng.<\/p>\n

Trong xu h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, \u0111a d\u1ea1ng r\u1ed9ng c\u00e1c d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p qua internet nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e2y. Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef v\u00e0 truy nh\u1eadp tr\u00ean c\u00e1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ri\u00eang l\u1ebb, nhi\u1ec1u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0 trang t\u00ednh, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean doanh nghi\u1ec7p, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng kh\u00e1c b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u gi\u1eef trong m\u00e2y v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy nh\u1eadp t\u1eeb xa. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 trang b\u1ecb b\u1ed9 nh\u1edb t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m v\u00e0 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u00ean c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng v\u00ec \u00edt c\u00f4ng ti h\u01a1n s\u1ebd mua nhi\u1ec1u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 an ninh m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u1edbn v\u00e0o ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 gi\u1eef an ninh h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u1ecfi t\u1ea5n c\u00f4ng xi be. V\u00e0, khi kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1eef li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c truy\u1ec1n qua Internet t\u0103ng l\u00ean, t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 an ninh m\u1ea1ng s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean, d\u1eabn t\u1edbi nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m an ninh.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng lan r\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i cho ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m CNTT s\u1ebd t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n CNTT, nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin, s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t t\u1ed1t trong m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc. C\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p CNTT l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi cho ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi, v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7, theo \u0111\u00f3 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c t\u00edch h\u1ee3p t\u0103ng l\u00ean v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi khu v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 CNTT s\u1ebd t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi hay h\u01a1n v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1ee9c cao \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1eaft k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Career prospective in Information technology industry<\/p>\n

Most businesses today are relying on Information Technology (IT) to operate more efficiently. Software is needed to run systems and networks. Basically, software industry is divided into two general categories: Applications and Service. Applications includes the development of software programs for computer users such as word processing, games and graphics, data storage, Web browsing, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and mobile applications. Service includes IT system supports, customize software, installation and network supports, and related IT services such as outsourcing and cloud computing.<\/p>\n

The Internet has changed the software industry significantly. Most applications and service are now developed for use on the Internet. Mobile platforms have changed the software industry further with more mobile apps development. The widespread use of the Internet and mobile platforms also has led to the need for more computer security. Security threats range from damaging computer viruses to online fraud. As a result, organizations and individual computer users are demanding more security software, such as firewalls and antivirus applications that secure their computer networks or individual computer environments.<\/p>\n

The software industry is the fastest growing industry in the past twenty years. It is still the youngest industry relative to other industries. Most people who work in software industry are young. There are fewer workers older than 40 years so there is a \u201cyouthful culture\u201d where workers are willing to take risks to innovate and create new products. Most software workers are college educated with bachelor\u2019s degree (78%) in Computer Science, Software Engineering and Information System Management.<\/p>\n

Software Application workers often start their careers as testers or programmers. They develop, write, test, and maintain software under the supervision of software project managers. As they gain experience, they move to software developers whose main jobs are to architect, design and develop software. Most software workers today use Object-oriented programming languages, such as C++ and Java. As they gain more experience, many move up to technical specialized positions such as technical leaders, system architects, requirements engineers, business analysts or assume management responsibilities, such as project managers, portfolio managers, directors and chief information officers etc. A majority of workers in software application area have degrees in Computer Science and Software Engineering.<\/p>\n

Software Service workers provide technical assistance, support, and advice to customers and users. This group of workers combines their technical skills with business knowledge to solve problems for customers. Most starts their careers as help-desk technician to interpret problems and provide technical support for software and systems. They answer telephone calls; analyze problems using automated diagnostic programs, and resolve difficulties encountered by users. As they gain more experience, they often move to information system specialist positions which include a wide range of professionals who specialize in operation, analysis, application, or design for a particular piece of the system. Many are involved in the design, testing, and evaluation of network systems such as local area networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN), the Internet, and other data communications systems. Specialty occupations reflect an emphasis on client-server applications and end-user support. A majority of workers in software support area have degree in Information System Management.<\/p>\n

Since technology changes often and it is difficult to stay in technical area for long. Substantial number technical workers also move to marketing and sales positions after several years of working in technical area. The typical time is about 10 years of experience to be employed in this area. Marketing and sales workers are responsible for promoting and selling the products and services produced by the industry. After gaining more experience, some of them also move up to consulting and training position.<\/p>\n

According to several industry reports, employment in Information Technology industry is projected to grow about 18% to 26% each year in the period 2012 \u2013 2022, as companies continue to invest heavily in software and other information technology. Job prospects are considered to be excellent globally, since there is a critical shortage of IT skills, especially for computer application specialists. Wage and salary are expected to increase by 30 percent between 2012 and 2022, almost 5 times as fast as compare with other industries. Demand for software services also grow as a result of an increasing reliance on information technology. Individuals and organizations will continue to invest in applications and systems software to increase efficiency, and remain competitive.<\/p>\n

The growing reliance on the Internet and mobile platforms are major drivers of job growth. The way the Internet is used is constantly changing, and so is the software required to run new and emerging computer applications. The change in mobile technologies has also created demand for a wide variety of new products and services. The rapid development of smart phones is making the World Wide Web accessible from anywhere. As businesses and individuals become more dependent on this technology, there will be an increasing need for new software applications that maximize the potential of smart phone and tablets products.<\/p>\n

In a growing trend, a wide variety of software services are being offered over the internet such as Cloud computing. Rather than being stored and accessed on the individual computers, many software applications and tools such as spreadsheet, enterprise resource planning, and other types of applications can now be stored in the cloud and accessed remotely. This will reduces the need for costly storage equipment and impact on the hardware industry as fewer companies will buy more hardware.<\/p>\n

Another significant factor contributing to growth in software industry is computer security. Companies and governments will have to invest significantly in software to protect their information and secure their systems from cyber attack. And, as the amount of data transmitted across the Internet increases, the importance of maintaining computer system and network security will grow, leading to greater demand for security software.<\/p>\n

Given the increasingly widespread use of information technology and the overall rate of growth expected for the industry, most IT jobs will grow much faster than other jobs. Employment of IT workers, such as developers, software engineers and Information systems analysts, will be particularly strong in every country. Job opportunities in IT industry are excellent for most people, given the rate, at which the industry is expected to grow, and the increasing integration and application of software into all sectors of the economy.<\/p>\n

Students who study IT should enjoy the best job opportunities in the next ten years or more as there is a continuing demand for workers with high-level skills to keep up with changes in technology.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u1ec1u d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin (CNTT) \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 h\u01a1n. Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=306"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":310,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/306\/revisions\/310"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=306"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}