{"id":3038,"date":"2013-07-08T14:31:18","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T07:31:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3038"},"modified":"2013-07-08T14:31:18","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T07:31:18","slug":"vieng-tham-an-do","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3038","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ebfng th\u0103m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi t\u00f4i \u1edf Bangalore, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi t\u1edbi. L\u00ed do c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 t\u1eafc ngh\u1ebdn giao th\u00f4ng hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c, v\u00ec \u1edf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, giao th\u00f4ng r\u1ea5t t\u1ec7. Nh\u01b0ng b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, Vivek gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201cCh\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 m\u1edbi t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 cho vi\u1ec7c t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ed9t d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 do m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng, t\u1eebng b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i ri\u00eang. B\u00e2y gi\u1edd ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 cho v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 Qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p 108 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n kh\u1ea9n c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u0103m 2010. Anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi n\u00f3 l\u00e0 “kho\u00e1n trong” thay v\u00ec “kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i” b\u1edfi v\u00ec d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng ti Satyam l\u1eadp ra, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1ebd t\u00e0i tr\u1ee3 75 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m cho d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y, chi ph\u00ed c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i do Satyam tr\u1ea3 v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u00ean t\u1edbi $500 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2010.<\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Vivek \u0111\u00e3 khuy\u00ean t\u00f4i: \u201cN\u1ebfu anh \u1ed1m, xin anh \u0111\u1eebng \u1ed1m \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00ec b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp l\u1eafm\u201d nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea7n n\u00e0y anh \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201c\u1ed0m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1edf ra \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y b\u00e2y gi\u1edd.\u201d Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3 h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, b\u00e1c s\u0129 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhu c\u1ea7u kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 cho n\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti y t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u1edf kinh doanh \u1edf c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, h\u1ecd c\u0169ng mang theo h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng y t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y. Ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 ti\u1ec1n nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n theo chu\u1ea9n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u00e1c s\u0129 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao. D\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kinh doanh t\u1ed1t cho c\u1ea3 hai b\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Bangalore l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea3 ng\u00e0y l\u1eabn \u0111\u00eam v\u00e0 khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edfng phong c\u00e1ch s\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u00e2y. N\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 qu\u00e1n c\u00e0 ph\u00ea, ti\u1ec7m r\u01b0\u1ee3u bia, karaoke v\u00e0 c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea3y n\u01a1i thanh ni\u00ean lui t\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i l\u00e0m mu\u1ed9n, hay n\u1eeda t\u1ec9nh n\u1eeda say khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 ban h\u00e0nh c\u00e1c qui t\u1eafc \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t bu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i gi\u1ea3i tr\u00ed ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam n\u1eeda gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0, ng\u1ee7 v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng \u0111i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ng\u00e0y h\u00f4m sau. Vivek gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 qui t\u1eafc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t nghi\u00eam kh\u1eafc \u00e1p \u0111\u1eb7t qui t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u00ec n\u00f3 gi\u00fap duy tr\u00ec lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed9i \u00e1c. Theo lu\u1eadt m\u1edbi, ban nh\u1ea1c s\u1ed1ng b\u1ecb c\u1ea5m nh\u1ea3y m\u00faa trong c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 s\u00e0n nh\u1ea3y. C\u00e1c c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00eam h\u00e1t karaoke c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1ea1c nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 d\u1eebng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eeda \u0111\u00eam. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a Bangalore, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c mu\u1ed9n, ch\u1ed7 duy nh\u1ea5t h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi sau khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eef cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng r\u1ea5t sung s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u v\u00e0 c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 nh\u1ea3y\u201d.<\/p>\n

Khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1ea7n t\u1edbi c\u00e2u l\u1ea1c b\u1ed9 \u0111\u00eam ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00f3 t\u00ean \u201cHard rock Caf\u00e9\u201d, \u201cPurple Haze\u201d qu\u00e3ng 11:00 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00eam, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3nh s\u00e1t b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. Vivek b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cV\u00e0o 11 gi\u1edd \u0111\u00eam \u0111\u00e8n s\u1ebd t\u1eaft, \u00e2m nh\u1ea1c d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i, qu\u00e1n r\u01b0\u1ee3u \u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i cho n\u00ean m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o \u0111i ngo\u00e0i ti\u1ec7m \u0103n hay v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n th\u1ebf \u1edf Bangalore, khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Infosys v\u00e0 TCS \u0111ang t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng ki\u1ebfm ti\u1ec1n qu\u00e3ng v\u00e0i t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trung b\u00ecnh t\u0103ng l\u00ean 10% t\u1edbi 20% m\u1ed7i n\u0103m, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111ang h\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. H\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1eabn nhau. Tuy nhi\u00ean, Bangalore l\u00e0 \u201cTh\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 ch\u00e1n\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1eb3ng c\u00f3 g\u00ec m\u1ea5y \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m v\u00e0o ban \u0111\u00eam, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u1ec1n v\u00e0o ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e0 b\u0103ng th\u00e0nh gi\u1ea7u c\u00f3. Thanh ni\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0103n m\u1eb7c qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf \u0111\u1eaft v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u1eeda h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea7u l\u00ean, t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian n\u1ea5u n\u01b0\u1edbng cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea7u l\u00ean. Khi h\u1ecd u\u1ed1ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xe bus h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi taxi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho c\u00f4ng ti taxi gi\u1ea7u l\u00ean. \u0110\u1ebfn cu\u1ed1i, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ee3i t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh ra to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi anh \u1ea5y: \u201cAnh c\u00f3 ngh\u0129 Trung Qu\u1ed1c s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 kh\u00f4ng? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c anh \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y nh\u01b0ng t\u1ea1i B\u1eafc Kinh hay Th\u01b0\u1ee3ng H\u1ea3i?\u201d Vivek l\u1eafc \u0111\u1ea7u: \u201cT\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ngh\u0129 v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai g\u1ea7n b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u00f4m nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u00e1 n\u1eeda th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef k\u1ebb kh\u00e1c \u1edf xa. Nh\u01b0 anh bi\u1ebft, kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee9ng hay ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o, n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 sao ch\u00e9p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t khi anh \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khu v\u1ef1c mi\u1ec1n, anh s\u1edf h\u1eefu n\u00f3 m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian l\u00e2u b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng ai bi\u1ebft anh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec, anh m\u00e3 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, anh b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y n\u00f3 \u0111i v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a cho ai \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ea5t. Ng\u00e0y nay ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 60% th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng, khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 70% hay 80% \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra trong ba t\u1edbi n\u0103m n\u0103m n\u1eefa th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 qu\u00e3ng hai t\u1edbi ba n\u0103m \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111u\u1ed5i k\u1ecbp v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i n\u00e0y, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i bi\u1ec7n minh: \u201cNh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u v\u00ec gi\u00e1 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng r\u1ed3i.\u201d Vivek b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201cTh\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed5i r\u1ed3i; v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Ng\u00e0y nay ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1ec1 chi ph\u00ed th\u00eam n\u1eefa v\u00e0 h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng tr\u1ea3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n cho k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1edf v\u00e0i khu tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00ec y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn v\u00e0 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1i qu\u00e1 ch\u1eadm ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. V\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb nay, kh\u00f4ng ai s\u1ebd n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i n\u1eefa \u0111\u00e2u khi ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 h\u1ecd thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111\u00e2u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi. T\u00f4i ngh\u0129 Bangalore s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea3 Chennai, Pune, v\u00e0 Hyderabad c\u0169ng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qu\u00e3ng n\u1eeda tri\u1ec7u k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem nh\u01b0 d\u1eabn l\u00e1i then ch\u1ed1t cho t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e3ng b\u1ea9y t\u1edbi m\u01b0\u1eddi hai vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c trong n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf r\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n. V\u1edbi l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi qu\u00e3ng hai tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap t\u1ea1o ra qu\u00e3ng hai m\u01b0\u01a1i tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ee5 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea3 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00e0i c\u1ea7n \u0111i qua.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u1eady \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t cho th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 nh\u01b0 Bangalore v\u00e0 Hyderabad b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0 th\u1ee7 \u0111\u00f4 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c th\u00ec sao, sau r\u1ed1t \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ngh\u00e8o cao?\u201d Vivek gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: “Ng\u00e0y nay, v\u1edbi th\u00f4i th\u00fac c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang m\u1edf c\u00e1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i qui tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 (BPO) \u1edf c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng xa x\u00f4i nh\u01b0 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed trong khi c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. BPO ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 \u201cTrung t\u00e2m G\u1ecdi\u201d, \u201cTrung t\u00e2m li\u00ean h\u1ec7\u201d d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mang c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1edbi c\u00e1c l\u00e0ng v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa nh\u01b0ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u l\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec7n hay truy c\u1eadp internet. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i ti\u1ebfng Anh v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u01b0u th\u1ebf c\u1ea1nh tranh so v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam cho n\u00ean v\u1edbi v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec7n tho\u1ea1i th\u1ebf r\u1ed3i ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u kinh doanh.\u00a0 C\u00f3 \u01b0u th\u1ebf chi ph\u00ed l\u1edbn cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf gi\u1eefa v\u00f9ng s\u00e2u v\u00f9ng xa b\u1edfi v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed lao \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin trong v\u00f2ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m n\u1eefa, 80 t\u1edbi 90 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u0103m nom c\u00e1c nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1eadu v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfn ti\u1ebfp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf l\u00e0ng x\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c khi h\u1ecd ki\u1ebfm 4,000 rupees (USD $ 50) m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ed1ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i v\u00ec ng\u00e0y nay h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00edt h\u01a1n USD $ 10 m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i tin khi vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m BPO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra, c\u00e1c ki\u1ec3u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00e0 h\u00e0ng h\u01a1n hay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i v\u00e0 vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n, th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Nh\u01b0 t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng tin t\u01b0\u1edfng, c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00e0 sinh l\u1eddi. Th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o hay t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u01a1n m\u00e0 th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c then ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n trong \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c.\u201d<\/p>\n

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—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A visit to India<\/p>\n

Few years ago, when I was in Bangalore, I saw a traffic accident and it took several hours for the emergency ambulance to arrive. The reason could be traffic jam or it could be something else, as in most India cities, traffic is very bad. But now a new thing has happened. My friend, Vivek explained: \u201cThe Indian government just funds the creation of a service created by an Indian outsourcing company to provide the country’s first dedicated ambulance service. For years the country has had no single number to call an ambulance, with each hospital having their own ambulances and own numbers. Now the government has roll out the Emergency Management 108 service that offers one number and one ambulance fleet with emergency vehicles to serve India’s entire population by 2010. You may call it \u201cIn-sourcing\u201d rather than \u201cOut-sourcing\u201d because the service was established by Satyam, an outsourcing company. The India government will fund 75 per cent of the service, with the remaining costs met by Satyam with the running costs expected to hit $500 million USD by 2010.<\/p>\n

Few years ago, Vivek advised me: \u201cIf you get sick, please do not get sick in India as hospitals here are terrible\u201d but this time he told me: \u201cIt is OK to get sick here because there are many international hospitals opening here now\u201d. As more Indian getting richer, they demand better hospitals, better doctors and create a huge demand so many international health companies are opening business in India\u2019s big cities. As foreign companies outsource software to India, they also bring their health systems here. More and more Indian are willing to pay top money for international standard hospitals and highly skilled doctors. It seems that it is a good business for both sides.<\/p>\n

Bangalore is a vibrant city with million software people working days and nights and as they are making more money, many of them begin to enjoy a lifestyle similar to the west. It means coffee shops, bars, karaoke and dancing clubs where young people are frequent. However as more people go to work late, or half awake or drunk when working the next day, software companies complained and local government has issued special rule for all entertainments to close half an hour before midnight so people can go home, sleep and ready to go to work the next day. Vivek explained: \u201cIt is an unpopular rule but the police strictly enforcing the rule as it helps maintain law and order and keeps crime in check. Under the new rule, live bands are banned in dancing in clubs and discotheques. Karaoke nightclubs also have to keep music low and stopped before midnight. Most Bangalore’s software workers, especially for those who work late, the only place they can go after work is restaurants. That keeps restaurant owners very happy because they do not have to compete with bars and dancing clubs\u201d.<\/p>\n

When we walked near popular nightclubs called \u201cHard rock Caf\u00e9\u201d, \u201cPurple Haze\u201d around 11:00 pm, I saw a lot of police begin their inspections there. Vivek told me: \u201cat 11pm. the lights go off, the music stops, the bar is closed and there is nothing left so people has no place to go but to restaurants or go home. There is so much money in Bangalore, as companies such as Infosys and TCS are enjoying their earning amount to several billion dollars each year and average software salaries are increasing 10% to 20% every year, software workers here are enjoying their life more than anyone in India. They also change jobs quickly for better paid because companies could not hire enough skilled workers so they compete with each others. However, Bangalore is a \u201cBoring city\u201d because there is nothing much to do at night, most people put money in banks and make the banks gets rich. Young people begins to wear expensive designer clothes and makes department stores get rich, of course most software people work hard and have no time to cook so they eat out often and make restaurants get rich. As they drink heavily and can not travel by bus so they have to call taxi and make taxi companies get rich. In the end, everybody benefits from the software outsourcing industry as we continue to expand our business globally\u201d.<\/p>\n

I asked him: \u201cDo you think China will be able to compete with India? Could they copy your success here in Beijing or Shanghai?\u201d Vivek shaked his head: \u201cI do not think so, not in the near future because today we already control more then half of the global software outsourcing market. We have plans and strategies to keep others away. As you know, software outsourcing is not like hardware or manufacturing outsourcing, it can not be duplicate because once you handle a domain area, you owned it for a long time because nobody know what you have done, how do you code, how do you maintain the software. Customer can not take it away and give to somebody else because they have to know what we have done first. Today we have about 60% of the market, when we have about 70% or 80% which could happen in another three to five years the software market will be ours. I think China probably has about two to three years to catch up and if they miss this opportunity, they will never be able to compete with us\u201d.<\/p>\n

I agued: \u201cBut they can do it much cheaper since your price has gone up.\u201d Vivek told me: \u201cThe market has changed; it is no longer cost but knowledge and skills. Today most of our customers do not negotiate on costs anymore and they are willing to pay high price for our skills. That is why we opened several campuses to train our workers. We must do this quickly as demands are very strong and state-universities are too slow to react. Few years from now, nobody will talk about outsourcing anymore as most companies will operate globally and they hire people wherever they can find them. I think Bangalore will continue to grow but also Chennai, Pune, and Hyderabad as we are training about half million software engineers each year. Based on some researches, software is seen as the key driver for growth and every software job creates about seven to twelve other jobs in the broader economy. With current workforce about two million software people, we helped create about twenty million additional jobs but to a country of a billion people that is still a long way to go\u201d.<\/p>\n

I asked: \u201cSo it is good for city like Bangalore and Hyderabad because they are the outsourcing capitals but what about others, after all India is a big country with high level of poverty?\u201d Vivek explained:\u201d Today, at government urging, many software companies are opening business process outsourcing (BPO) operations in rural villages as a way of keeping down costs while improving the life in the country. BPO such as \u201cCallCenter\u201d, \u201cContactCenter\u201d are easy to operate and easy to train. We are bringing technology to the remote villages but first we need to improve the infrastructure since many villages do not have electricity or internet access. Most people in India do speak English and that is a competitive advantage over China and Vietnam so with a few months training in answering phones then we are in business.\u00a0 There is a big cost advantage to a company locating in rural areas because the labor costs are very low. We believe within few years, 80 to 90 million people could be trained to take care of the back-office needs of the entire world and that will be our next move. People in village do not change jobs as they are making about 4,000 rupees (USD $ 50) per month and they could live quite comfortable as today they only earned less than USD $ 10 per month. We believe as BPO jobs are created, other types of jobs will also be created quickly with more restaurants or transportation and telecommunication companies to serve the workers, boosting the local economy. As I always believe, software technology can change the economy quickly and profitably. Our challenge is not about provide training or create more jobs but the key challenge is to make sure thing remains in India and not somewhere else\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, khi t\u00f4i \u1edf Bangalore, t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t v\u1ee5 tai n\u1ea1n giao th\u00f4ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd xe c\u1ee9u th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1edbi t\u1edbi. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3038","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3038","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3038"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3038\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3039,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3038\/revisions\/3039"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3038"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3038"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3038"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}