{"id":3034,"date":"2013-07-08T14:24:47","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T07:24:47","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3034"},"modified":"2013-07-08T14:24:47","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T07:24:47","slug":"ki-nang-hoc-tap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3034","title":{"rendered":"K\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp"},"content":{"rendered":"

K\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c thay \u0111\u1ed5i, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n, r\u1ed3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u0103n b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao h\u00e0m. Sau khi thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tri th\u1ee9c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c m\u1edbi v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n hay b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong ngh\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi, ngh\u1ec1 trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n theo xu h\u01b0\u1edbng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ecdc c\u00e1c b\u00e0i b\u00e1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, s\u00e1ch, hay th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Internet, blogs v\u00e0 m\u1ea1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 theo k\u1ecbp v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng v\u00e0 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p s\u1eb5n c\u00f3 b\u00ean trong mi\u1ec1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm nh\u01b0 Google hay Bing c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n t\u00ecm ra th\u00f4ng tin b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u blogs chuy\u00ean cho mi\u1ec1n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n gi\u1eef cho tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

S\u00e1ch, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t s\u00e1ch k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i nh\u00ecn t\u1ed5ng quan v\u1ec1 mi\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, s\u00e1ch k\u0129 thu\u1eadt bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111i sau xu h\u01b0\u1edbng b\u1edfi v\u00ec thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 \u0111i nhanh h\u01a1n h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft s\u00e1ch. Cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i di\u1ec7n v\u1edbi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft hay \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, cho n\u00ean h\u1ecdc tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp trong c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n thu nh\u1eadn k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00fang.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u00e0o t\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t nh\u01b0 h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o, seminar v\u00e0 l\u1edbp t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n\u00a0 ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ef1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u m\u00e0 s\u00e1ch, t\u1ea1p ch\u00ed hay Internet kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm n\u00f3 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c l\u1edbp t\u1eadp hu\u1ea5n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb c\u00e1c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn b\u1ea1n t\u1eebng b\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f9ng l\u1edbp \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u00e0 chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00ec b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1eeb b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u1eeb gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean. Trong lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cho \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u1ec1 b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, c\u00e1c m\u00f4n \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi hay \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1edbi. M\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i gi\u00e1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec v\u1ecb th\u1ebf m\u1ea1nh trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 t\u00ednh c\u1ea1nh tranh n\u00e0y. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo ai c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ai c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n n\u1eefa. D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1c n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c n\u00e0y, quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra v\u1ec1 ai s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ai h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n gi\u1eef. Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i cho b\u1ea1n khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u00e2y gi\u1edd thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi do thi\u1ebfu h\u1ee5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m cho n\u00ean t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n h\u1ecdc th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi? \u00dd t\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1ec1 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0 “m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng” v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp l\u00e0 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n sai b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean d\u1eebng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. B\u1eb1ng \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 “m\u1edf kho\u00e1 c\u00e1nh c\u1eeda l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d nh\u01b0ng ch\u00ednh tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi gi\u1eef b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Theo nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3i qua \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u1ee5 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Nh\u1eefng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 l\u1ed7 h\u1ed5ng l\u1edbn gi\u1eefa \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111ang d\u1ea1y cho sinh vi\u00ean. Trong ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n xin vi\u1ec7c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu\u00ea nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean trong l\u1edbp h\u1ecdc g\u00ec m\u00e0 h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecfng. Nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u01b0 Microsoft, Google d\u00f9ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong th\u1eddi gian gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i n\u00eau cho b\u1ea1n v\u00e0o v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n theo k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu\u00ea nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c: \u201cAnh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cho anh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. Xin anh h\u00e3y \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng anh c\u1ea7n ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch bao nhi\u00eau, anh chia nh\u1ecf c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y ra th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, anh t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ebf n\u00e0o, anh nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n anh c\u1ea7n bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m theo l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u00e3 cho hay kh\u00f4ng. Anh c\u00f3 n\u1eeda gi\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch d\u1ef1 \u00e1n s\u01a1 b\u1ed9 v\u00e0 t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea3n k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a anh.\u201d\u00a0 N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n n\u00e0y v\u00e0 s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Trong m\u1ed9t k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n kh\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed thu\u00ea nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean n\u00f3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi xin vi\u1ec7c: \u201cXem nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a anh, t\u00f4i cho anh y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y, xin anh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh li\u1ec7u anh c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng. N\u1ebfu anh c\u00f3 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi n\u00e0o, anh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i. Anh c\u00f3 m\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00fat ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i s\u1ebd quay l\u1ea1i.\u201d N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m l\u1ea1i y\u00eau c\u1ea7u; b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft h\u1ecfi c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00ec c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng kho\u1ea3n m\u1ee5c thi\u1ebfu. V\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi g\u00ec. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ph\u00e2n t\u00edch y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng trong ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi m\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n c\u00f3 lo\u1ea1i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng n\u00e0o. B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n \u0111i l\u00ean c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9c v\u1ee5 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00ednh tr\u1ecdng kh\u00f4ng? B\u1ea1n c\u00f3 mu\u1ed1n s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi b\u1ea1n t\u1edbi tu\u1ed5i n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. D\u00f9 \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 g\u00ec, ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 trong ngh\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 t\u00f4i cho b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t v\u00ed d\u1ee5 v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra cho m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00ean c\u00f4 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 Margie v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, Margie kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti m\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp cho n\u00ean c\u00f4 \u1ea5y h\u1ecfi l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o c\u00f4 \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c, k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tr\u00ean t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m. B\u1edfi v\u00ec Margie \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m h\u1ed3i c\u00f4 \u1ea5y c\u00f2n \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean c\u00f4 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch. T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o c\u00f4 \u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 l\u1eafm v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u01a1n l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7, ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1edf h\u1eefu, gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c, nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n, k\u1ebf to\u00e1n vi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ti\u1ebfp th\u1ecb v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng v.v. C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? C\u00f4 \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i l\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n b\u1ecf l\u1ee1 cho n\u00ean c\u00f4 \u1ea5y s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng th\u1eed n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, c\u00f4 \u1ea5y quay l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 cho t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u gi\u00fap m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti t\u1ea1o ra website r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00f4i v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c. V\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t, h\u1ecd gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u t\u00f4i v\u1edbi b\u1ea1n b\u00e8 h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ebft cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i thu\u00ea v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m r\u1ed3i cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng ra 20 ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng r\u1ed3i t\u00f4i kinh nghi\u1ec7m nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 do nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i, t\u00f4i m\u1ea5t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng v\u00ec t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i. T\u00f4i nh\u1edb t\u1edbi l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a th\u1ea7y n\u00ean t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn ra r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m k\u0129 thu\u1eadt t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 cai qu\u1ea3n c\u00f4ng ti cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed1t. C\u00f4 \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cM\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. T\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y r\u1eb1ng khi m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh theo t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd n\u00ean d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc li\u00ean t\u1ee5c trong c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1eddi n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 v\u1ec1 x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang s\u1ed1ng\u00a0 trong.\u201d<\/p>\n

Margie b\u00e2y gi\u1edd tham d\u1ef1 h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh th\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u1ec1 h\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin v\u00e0 c\u00f4 \u1ea5y chia s\u1ebb nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi l\u1edbp, t\u00f4i ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4 \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t khi c\u00f4 \u1ea5y h\u1ecdc tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi. Trong l\u1edbp c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho nh\u00f3m nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Learning skills<\/p>\n

Learning new skills is the most important thing to improve and maintain your career. As technology continues to change, you must keep up with changes to stay on top of your technical career. To do that, you must identify the skills that you need then build the knowledge of the subject by having a basic understanding of the principles involved. After acquiring the knowledge you can establish the skill by apply the new knowledge in real projects or exercises and learn from the implementation as you continuously improve your skills in your professional career. If you don’t like the idea of lifelong learning, a career in technology may not be the best choice.<\/p>\n

To identify a new skill, you need to follow trends in the industry by review technical articles, books, or discuss with friends and software professionals. With the internet, blogs and social networks can be a great way to keep up with the latest trends and techniques. To find resources available within a certain domain or method, search engines such as Google or Bing could help you find the information that you need. There are many blogs dedicated to specific area and topics that can help you to keep your knowledge up to date.<\/p>\n

Books, especially technical ones can give you an overview of a particular subject area but sometime they are hard to read but with perseverance, you can be rewarded with a solid foundation for your knowledge. However, technical books are always behind the trend because technology change faster than most authors can write books. Eventually you may face something that you do not know or have not dealt with before, so direct learning in special training course may help you to acquire the skill and do it right.<\/p>\n

Special technical training such as workshop, seminar and short courses on specific topic is probably the best solution for the active learner. What books, magazines or the internet can not provide, you can get it from special training courses because you learn from professional instructors who will guide you step-by-step along the learning process. You also have classmates to discuss and share learning experiences as you learn from friends as well as from instructors. In this kind of training, you have to do homeworks to build up your skills as you will be graded by the instructor on how well you are learning. In my opinion, special training course is the best way to learn a new skill or new subject. Although special training usually come at a price, but it is still the best investment that you can do to maintain a strong position in this competitive work environment. Today many companies evaluate their people on who has the skills that the company need and who has the skills that the company may not need anymore. Based on these competencies, management decisions will be made on who will remain and who they do not want to keep. In my opinion, having the most current skills is the best way to maintain your career. By having the most current skills you also create more opportunities for you as global companies are now hiring people due to the shortage of skilled workers in the industry.<\/p>\n

Some of you feel that you already graduated with college degrees and had jobs so why do you need to learn new things? The idea of the degree as the \u201cultimate goal\u201d and the end of learning is completely false because learning always continues throughout your life and you should never stop learning. The university degree is only the key to \u201cunlock the employment door\u201d but it is the knowledge and skills that keep you remain employing. According to several researches from industry, many graduated students did not have the skills that the industry need and have to undergo additional trainings before they can work. These researches also found that there is a large gap between what industry need and what the school is teaching students. During job interview, hiring managers do not ask what classes students took but what skills do they have and this is where many students failed. Top companies like Microsoft, Google use scenarios interview technique by asking applicants to solve problems within a time limit. Applicants have to demonstrate their skills and ability to solve these real problems in order to get hired. Most global companies are now applying this technique in their hiring too.<\/p>\n

Let me give you few simple examples of scenario interviews. The hiring manager tells the applicant: \u201cYou are a software project manager, the customer give you this requirements and a schedule. Please estimate how much budget do you need, how do you breakdown the requirements, how do you organize the tasks and assignments, identify how many people do you need to complete these tasks and determine whether you could make the given schedule or not. You have half an hour to complete a preliminary project plan and I want to review your plan\u201d.\u00a0 If you do not have the estimation and planning skills, you will not be able to complete this scenario and will not be able to get the job.<\/p>\n

In another scenario, the hiring manager tells the applicant: \u201cAs your customer, I give you this requirement, please review and determine whether you understand and be able to complete this task. If you have any question, you may ask me. You have ten minute to review the requirements then I will be back\u201d. If you do not have the requirements engineering skill, you do not know how to organize and verify requirements; you do not know what to ask since the requirements always have many missing items. As many students will probably answer that they understand the requirements and can do it without any question. They will not get the job because they do not have the requirement analysis skills.<\/p>\n

To succeed in your career, you need to ask yourselves what kind of success that you want. Do you want to move up into management positions?\u00a0 Do you want to be respected technical leaders? Do you want to own a software company? Maybe you want to make a lot of money before you reach certain age. Whatever your wish, the key is depending on your knowledge and skills and how you are going to apply it in your career.<\/p>\n

Let me give you an example of what happened to one of my student. Her name is Margie and she graduated five years ago, Margie did not want to work for a company but want to be an independent consultant so she asked for advises. I told her that consulting business is highly dependent on knowledge, skills and most of all lot of experiences. Because Margie had worked in software industry for several years during the time she was in school so she was qualified. I told her that running a company is much more than having technical skills. She is the boss, the owner, the director, the consultant, the accountant, the marketing manager and the sales person etc. My question was did she had all the skills required to do that? She told me that she may not have all the skills but there were opportunities in the industry that she did not want to miss so she was willing to give it a try.<\/p>\n

Last year, she came back to school and let me know that she has been successful and made good money. She said: \u201cI started to help one company to create a website then they introduce me to another. Because I did a good job, they referred me to their friends so I have a lot of works that I could not do so I hired few software programmers then eventually my company expanded to 20 persons but by then I experienced a lot of problems due to several failed projects, I lost some money, customers were not happy as I could not manage so many things beyond my skills. I remembered your advice then I realized that I was a good technical person but I did not have the management skills to run a company so I return to school to learn new skills to become a good manager. She said: \u201cMy goal is to grow the company but I can not do it without learning new skill. I agree with you that when thing changes, you need to adjust to the new situation and learning should never stop. It is important to know that learning continually throughout life if we are to make informed choices about our lives and the societies in which we live\u201d.<\/p>\n

Margie is now attending the Master of Information Systems program and she shares a lot of experiences with the class, I am sure that she will do well as she is learning new knowledge and skills. In my class, most students are successful software professionals who want to improve and learning new skills, they represent a group of future leaders in the industry with lot of competencies and motivation.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

K\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp m\u1edbi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n. Khi c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3034","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3034"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3034\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3035,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3034\/revisions\/3035"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3034"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3034"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3034"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}