{"id":3024,"date":"2013-07-08T14:15:56","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T07:15:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3024"},"modified":"2013-07-08T14:15:56","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T07:15:56","slug":"xu-huong-thi-truong","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3024","title":{"rendered":"Xu h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m nay, khi t\u00f4i \u0111i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u1edf h\u1ea7u kh\u1eafc m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb sa th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u1ebft kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kinh doanh. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung qu\u1ed1c v\u1eabn ph\u00e1t \u0111\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n ch\u00fat \u00edt so v\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m:<\/span><\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh \u0111\u00e3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 n\u01a1i vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh cho n\u0103m 2009 ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng 3.5% t\u1edbi 4.0% khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi 8% t\u1edbi 10% trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. L\u01b0\u01a1ng trung b\u00ecnh h\u00e0ng th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng $1200 t\u1edbi $1500 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng $700 t\u1edbi $900. Sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n sinh vi\u00ean v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n qu\u00e3ng $80 t\u1edbi $120. L\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0 kh\u00f3 thu th\u1eadp b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n ti\u1ebft l\u1ed9 h\u1ecd l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bao nhi\u00eau khi h\u1ecd gi\u1eef chuy\u1ec7n chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3\u00a0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trung b\u00ecnh \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i m\u01b0\u1eddi s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng nh\u01b0ng \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c th\u00ec \u00edt h\u01a1n, v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee9 m\u1ed7i hai m\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1edbi ba m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u00e1ng. Trung b\u00ecnh, c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1eadn th\u01b0\u1edfng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m qu\u00e3ng 3-5% l\u01b0\u01a1ng n\u0103m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ti\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a k\u0129 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean cao c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1edf gi\u1eefa 5% -15%, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao (Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ph\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00ean cao h\u01a1n 15%.<\/p>\n

Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi suy s\u1ee5p kinh t\u1ebf, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u1eabn b\u00e1o c\u00e1o m\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n cho \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh khi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee9 chuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u0103ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed5i vi\u1ec7c \u00edt h\u01a1n v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc. \u1ede \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0 qu\u00e3ng 23% khi so v\u1edbi 35% v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0o qu\u00e3ng 10% khi so v\u1edbi 22%. C\u00f3 nh\u1eefng tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e1o c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t l\u00fac h\u01a1n khi c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1eabn t\u0103ng nhi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n. B\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n \u0111ang c\u00f3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n trong vi\u1ec7c duy tr\u00ec doanh nghi\u1ec7p khi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng gi\u1ea3m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n chi ti\u00eau. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau mua c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn h\u01a1n. V\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ea1nh \u1edf c\u1ea3 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang mua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 n\u0103m c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ed9t th\u00e1ng khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti l\u1edbn h\u01a1n \u0111ang t\u0103ng s\u1ed1 c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00ean h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m hay h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u00e1u th\u00e1ng qua. M\u1eb7c cho kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng, \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i th\u1ea5y l\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh t\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, \u0111i\u1ec1u th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 kinh doanh nh\u01b0 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng — v\u00e0 kinh doanh nh\u01b0 n\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e1ng quan t\u00e2m kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n n\u1eefa khi th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n thay \u0111\u1ed5i sang tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd ti\u00ean \u0111o\u00e1n trong cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3n gi\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u1eabn nhau nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec1u qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Wipro qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0y c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 \u201cC\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kinh doanh Oracle\u201d h\u01a1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. Infosys qu\u1ea3ng c\u00e1o v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p ti\u00ean ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c quan ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc, h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng \u201cSinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p lo\u1ea1i t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t v\u1eabn c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u01a1ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. Sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 l\u1ebd s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c. Sinh vi\u00ean trung b\u00ecnh s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i v\u1eadt l\u1ed9n ch\u00fat \u00edt \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1ebd c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang ch\u1eadm thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi khi h\u1ecd v\u1eabn quan s\u00e1t th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. N\u0103m nay, nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a v\u00e0 tr\u00ean 200,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang n\u1ed9p \u0111\u01a1n theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh visa H1B \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129, cho d\u00f9 ph\u00e2n b\u1ed5 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau v\u1eabn b\u1ecb gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u00e0o qu\u00e3ng 80,000 ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m M\u0129 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1eabn thu\u00ea c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n t\u00f4i, Prasad Agarwal, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao t\u1ea1i Wipro b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang nh\u00ecn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u0103ng kinh doanh \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00f9 l\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m t\u1ed1c trong chi ti\u00eau kinh doanh \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u. \u00d4ng \u1ea5y n\u00f3i: \u201cTrong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 b\u1ecf qua ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u00ec h\u1ecd l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ecf nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ecdi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1edbi. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f3 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u1edf th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u1eabn m\u1edf ra c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i. \u00d4ng s\u1ebd th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m nay, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 Satyam, Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys v\u00e0 Wipro s\u1ebd c\u00f3 \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 quan s\u00e1t c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y v\u00e0 trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m qua, kinh doanh \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 \u0110\u00f4ng Nam \u00c1 v\u1eabn \u0111ang l\u00ean cho n\u00ean ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 n\u1eafm b\u1eaft c\u00e1c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c t\u1edbi.\u201d<\/p>\n

Theo th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u1ea5y, Satyam \u0111\u00e3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n s\u00e1u t\u1ed5ng thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh t\u1eeb c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c n\u00e0y khi h\u1ecd nhanh ch\u00f3ng \u0111i mua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng hay ch\u00e0o l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng, v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng th\u00e2u t\u00f3m th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Prasad n\u00f3i: \u201c\u00d4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u1edbi, m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u1ecf cung c\u1ea5p d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 cho th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng s\u00e1nh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n, m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. Trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecf ng\u1ecf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u1ecf n\u00e0y nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1, m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00ec ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, Australia l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng cho Satyam n\u01a1i thu nh\u1eadp c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i t\u0103ng 80% trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng qua. M\u1ea5y n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Australia c\u00f3 tr\u00ean 300 c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay n\u00f3 c\u00f3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 65, v\u00ec ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u00e2y gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i. Thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u00fap ch\u00fang t\u00f4i th\u1eafng nhi\u1ec1u h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1edbi ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1eafng. Khi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 c\u1ea1nh tranh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i th\u1edbi t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho t\u1edbi khi kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i m\u00e0 b\u00e0nh tr\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch n\u0103ng n\u1ed5. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 mi\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u00f4i v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1.\u201d<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Market trends<\/p>\n

This year, as I travel to conduct research on global software trends, I can see the evident of the financial crisis in almost every country with laid-off workers and software companies go out of business. However, it seems that software industries in India and China are still thriving, maybe a little slower than previous years. Here are some interesting facts:<\/p>\n

The financial crisis has impacted the salary of software people in China and India where the average raise for 2009 is only about 3.5% to 4.0% as compared to 8% to 10% in the last few years. The average monthly salary for newly graduated programmer in India is about $ 1200 to $ 1500 and China is about $ 700 to $ 900. Students graduated with a degree in software engineering made more than computer science, about $80 to $ 120 more. The salary of experienced people varies a lot and difficult to collect because many do not want to disclose how much they made as they keep switching jobs to get better raises. The average software people in India change jobs every sixteen months but China is little less, typically every twenty to thirty months. On the average, software workers receive annual bonuses of 3-5% of their annual salaries, senior technical and manager bonuses can go between 5% -15%, and for senior manager (Director and VP) could go higher than 15%.<\/p>\n

Even with the economy downturn, many software companies are still reporting losing workers to competitors as people keep switching jobs to get increase in salaries. However number of people changing job is less than the last few years. In India the turnover is about 23% as compared to 35% few years ago and China is about 10% as compared to 22%. There are reported cases of experienced software people getting more than one job offer at a time as the competition still heat up with larger companies hiring people from smaller ones. Because of the financial crisis, many smaller companies are having difficult in maintaining the business as customers reduce works and limit spending. As a result, smaller companies became targets for acquisition by larger companies. Financially strong companies in both India and China are acquiring smaller companies at the rate of five companies per month as larger companies are increasing their staffs to hundreds or thousands in the past six months. Despite the crisis, what I am seeing is good competition for top talents, which is really a business as usual — and business as it should be.<\/p>\n

Another interesting factor is most outsourcing companies do not advertise about lower labor rate anymore as the market has completely changed to knowledge and skills. Most people would predict in the financial crisis, companies would reduce price to compete with each other but I did not see that happen. Most companies are advertising more on the knowledge and skills that they have. For example, Wipro advertised that the company has thousand of people competent in \u201cOracle business technology\u201d more than anyone in India. Infosys advertises on the percentage of their workforce have advanced degreed and domain specialties.<\/p>\n

As I met with university officials, they told me that \u201cThe best graduated students can still get top salary. Good students can find jobs but probably aren’t going to get multiple offers. The average students are going to struggle a little bit to find jobs but eventually they will all get jobs because many companies are slow to hire as they are still watching the market. This year, many top students are still being recruited by foreign companies and over 200,000 software people are applying for the H1B visa program to work in the U.S, even the allocation is still limited to about 80,000. Top U.S software companies are still hiring Indian software engineers but the hiring is slower then previous years.<\/p>\n

My friend, Prasad Agarwal,\u00a0 a senior manager at Wipro told me that Indian companies are now looking to increase business in Africa and the Asia-Pacific region to offset the slowdown in business spending in the US and Europe. He said: \u201cFor so many years, we are focusing on the U.S and European market and ignored Africa and South East Asia since they are small markets but today every dollar count. We know that it is difficult to compete with China in Japan and S. Korea markets but other countries are still open opportunities. You will see that beginning this year, companies like Satyam, Tata Consultancy Services, Infosys and Wipro will be in every country in Africa and S. East Asia, especially country where economies are still growing and have strong needs for information technology. We have been watching these countries and in the past few years, businesses in Africa and South East Asia region are still on the rise so we must expand our business and capture the markets before others come in\u201d.<\/p>\n

According to his information, Satyam already earned one sixth of its total revenue from these regions as they are moving quickly to acquire local companies or offering higher salaries to top people from local companies, and eventually capture the market. Prasad said: \u201cYou can see that before we came, the country may have hundred of small software companies provide services to the local market but they are no match for us, we are bigger, financially stronger and we know how to do business globally. For many years, we ignored these small countries but with globalization, everything changes as we must expand our business. For example, Australia is a growth market for Satyam where our revenues increase 80% in the past few months. Few years ago, Australia had over 300 software companies but today it has about approximately 65, as most of their top people are now working for us. Hiring local people has helped us to win more government contracts and that is a winning strategy. As many of ours competitors wait for better time until the economy improves, we do not wait but expanding our market aggressively. The world is our domain, the world is our market and that is globalization\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u0103m nay, khi t\u00f4i \u0111i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng ch\u1ee9ng v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3024","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3024","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3024"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3024\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3025,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3024\/revisions\/3025"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3024"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3024"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3024"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}