{"id":3022,"date":"2013-07-08T13:54:39","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T06:54:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3022"},"modified":"2013-07-08T13:54:39","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T06:54:39","slug":"viec-lam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3022","title":{"rendered":"Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c email m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft n\u00f3i “T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. L\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c m\u00e1y t\u00ednh?”<\/span><\/p>\n

Ban \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00f4i ngh\u0129 \u201cKh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p\u201d nh\u01b0ng sau khi \u0111\u1ecdc l\u1ea1i email n\u00e0y nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n, t\u00f4i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecfi.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng, l\u1ea5y b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u mu\u1ed1n t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng cho n\u00ean c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n thay th\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p trong l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc, V\u0103n h\u1ecdc, L\u1ecbch s\u1eed hay X\u00e3 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecdc, nh\u01b0ng mu\u1ed1n nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 ngh\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh, th\u00ec l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 xin h\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh r\u1ed3i b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xin vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m m\u00e1y t\u00ednh. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 tu\u1ef3 theo danh ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng quan t\u00e2m t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c t\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1eddng hay kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c tr\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc ph\u00ed th\u00ec t\u1ef1 nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u00e1n kh\u00e1c. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh to\u00e1n nh\u01b0ng KH\u00d4NG PH\u1ea2I l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu\u00ea b\u1ea1n v\u1edbi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i:<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n n\u00ean b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh c\u01a1 s\u1edf (Java, C, C++, v\u00e0 C #) v\u00e0 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac d\u1eef li\u1ec7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf (theo c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac v\u00e0 theo h\u01b0\u1edbng \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng). B\u1ea1n n\u00ean hi\u1ec3u v\u00f2ng \u0111\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (Th\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5, \u0111\u01b0a ra t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n, v\u00e0 Scrum c\u1ee7a Agilev.v.). B\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb hay m\u00f4 \u0111un cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e3, ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u kh\u00e1 ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

V\u00ec b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p hay ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mu\u1ed1n t\u00ecnh nguy\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng hay v\u1edbi l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ec3 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kinh nghi\u1ec7m. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng cho b\u1ea1n c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i trong vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea b\u1ea1n. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 c\u1ea5p cao \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n chi ti\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ch\u1ec9 cung c\u1ea5p cho b\u1ea1n \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00edch h\u01a1n l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u00fat g\u00ec.\u00a0 G\u1ee3i \u00fd c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i c\u0169ng l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ngh\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i hi v\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c truy nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o website n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n khi t\u00f4i chia s\u1ebb kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1edbi sinh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.\u00a0 T\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u00a0 Ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n may m\u1eafn tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Last week I received an email where the writer said “I do not have a degree in computer science or software engineering. How can I study to get a job in computer field?”<\/p>\n

At first I thought \u201cThere is no way you can find a computing job without a formal education and a degree\u201d but after re-read the email several times, I decided to answer because this could be a question that some of you may also want to ask.<\/p>\n

The simplest answer is you can go to school, get a degree in computer science or software engineer then get a computing job. Of course, not everybody wants to go to school or can afford to go to school so there are alternatives.<\/p>\n

Assume that you already have degree in other field such as Mathematics, Literature, History or Sociology but want to study for a computer job then my advice is to enroll in a Technical school that can train you in computer skills then you could apply for a computer job. Most technical schools do provide you with a certificate of completion and depends on the reputation of the school and the demand in the job market; some companies do hire people without a college degree if they have certain computing certificates.<\/p>\n

If you are not interested in go to school or can not afford the pay the school tuition fees then self-study is another alternative. This may be more difficult to get a computing job but it is NOT impossible because some companies may hire you assumes that you have the skills that they need. Following is my advice:<\/p>\n

You should start with the basic programming languages (Java, C, C++, and C #) and have basic understanding of data structures, design (Structure and Object oriented). You should understand the software development life cycles (Waterfall, Incremental release, and Agile\u2019s Scrum etc.). You also need to know how to write unit or module test cases for a project as well as understand how to conduct code review, design review and understand the concept of formal inspection. These are the basic skills of a software programmer or tester.<\/p>\n

Since you do not have degree or certificate, you may want to volunteer to work in some software projects without pay or with minimum salary to gain experience. If you can demonstrate these skills, some companies may be willing to give you a chance in hiring you. In reality, most companies would allow you to work with a senior engineer to identify the exact details of your skills and capabilities before making decision.<\/p>\n

My advice is only provide you a starting point so that you can create a career roadmap based on something helpful than nothing at all.\u00a0 My suggestion is based on my experiences and it may not work for everyone but I also notice that many people have no career guidance to build their software career so I hope this is a good start. I also believe that by having access to this website, you could learn more as I share my experiences with my students all over the world.\u00a0 I believe that many software people would appreciate a good roadmap to advance their professional capabilities and their careers.\u00a0 Good luck on your career.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c email m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft n\u00f3i “T\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh hay k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3022","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3022","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3022"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3022\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3023,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3022\/revisions\/3023"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3022"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3022"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3022"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}