{"id":3016,"date":"2013-07-08T13:48:01","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T06:48:01","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3016"},"modified":"2013-07-08T13:48:01","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T06:48:01","slug":"hoc-ki-nghe-phan-mem-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=3016","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ecdc k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 do quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n l\u00e2m nh\u00ecn v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y th\u1ebf n\u00e0o cho sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u1ec1 d\u1ea1y t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o chu\u1ed7i b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft t\u00ednh to\u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh th\u00ec d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh. Trong khi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, c\u00e1c b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng v\u00e0 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp tr\u00ean l\u1edbp th\u01b0\u1eddng thi\u1ebfu \u201ctri th\u1ee9c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u\u201d c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra trong c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ef1c. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean r\u1ea5t gi\u1ecfi \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u1ea1i kh\u00f3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t:<\/span><\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn h\u00e0n l\u00e2m nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh:<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf, c\u1ee1 v\u00e0i tr\u0103m d\u00f2ng m\u00e3.<\/li>\n
  2. D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 Pascal hay C.<\/li>\n
  3. M\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u201cb\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi\u201d cho t\u1eebng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp l\u1edbn.<\/li>\n
  4. Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ecdc hi\u1ebfm khi d\u1ea1y vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u00e1n s\u1eb5n Commercial-off-the-shelves (COTS).<\/li>\n
  5. L\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong c\u00f4 l\u1eadp hay trong nh\u00f3m nh\u1ecf.<\/li>\n
  6. Ni\u1ec1m tin r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh “l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c”, n\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n
  7. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu vi\u1ebft m\u00e3) thay v\u00ec c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u01a1n.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u1edbn, th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m ngh\u00ecn hay h\u00e0ng tri\u1ec7u d\u00f2ng m\u00e3.<\/li>\n
    2. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, Pascal v\u00e0 C KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng n\u1eefa, b\u1ecb thay th\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng Java, C++, C # v\u00e0 Ajax;<\/li>\n
    3. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i v\u1eabn c\u00f2n quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o tr\u00ec v\u00e0 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. Hi\u1ebfm khi b\u1ea1n b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi;<\/li>\n
    4. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u00e0m s\u1eb5n COTS.<\/li>\n
    5. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n b\u1edfi c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 l\u1edbn, kh\u00f4ng ai l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh.<\/li>\n
    6. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u b\u00f9 tr\u1eeb chi ph\u00ed hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng trong ho\u00e0n c\u1ea3nh kinh doanh. M\u1ed9t ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u201cl\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t.<\/li>\n
    7. M\u1ecdi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, hai c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y KH\u00d4NG ngang h\u00e0ng v\u1edbi nhau, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh ch\u1ecbu thua thi\u1ec7t trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1ea1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n

      M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. Tri th\u1ee9c n\u00f3i t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u201cbi\u1ebft\u201d nh\u01b0ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng ch\u1ec9 ra nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng “l\u00e0m.” H\u01a1n n\u1eefa k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbng b\u1eb1ng “chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u” (Quen thu\u1ed9c, Th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 L\u00e0m ch\u1ee7) d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 chi\u1ec1u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh. Kh\u00f4ng may, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc ch\u01b0a bao gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay ch\u01b0a t\u1eebng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o nh\u1eefng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh n\u00e0y cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd ch\u1ec9 t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o d\u1ea1y l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh, v\u00ec v\u1eady sinh vi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n tri th\u1ee9c chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

      Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay th\u1ebf c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng b\u1eb1ng \u201ck\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o\u201d n\u01a1i sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u201cv\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1ef1c.\u201d V\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn n\u00e0y, sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tri th\u1ee9c h\u1ecd h\u1ecdc trong l\u1edbp v\u00e0 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea3n h\u1ed3i t\u1eeb c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u00ed do ch\u00ednh t\u1ea1i sao ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o \u201cqui tr\u00ecnh\u201d hay d\u00e3y c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo thay v\u00ec h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng. Theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p b\u00e0i gi\u1ea3ng truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 d\u1ea1y b\u1edfi v\u00ec ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 qui tr\u00ecnh cho sinh vi\u00ean, ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n ng\u1ed3i v\u00e0 nghe h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. H\u1ecdc \u201cqui tr\u00ecnh\u201d h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i \u201cl\u00e0m n\u00f3.\u201d\u00a0 (Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p h\u1ecdc qua h\u00e0nh).<\/p>\n

      Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u bi\u1ebfn c\u1ed1 x\u1ea3y ra \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi; cho n\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean ng\u1eaft ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ean c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c. H\u1ecd h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch \u01b0u ti\u00ean ho\u00e1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh b\u1edfi v\u00ec l\u00e0m theo c\u00f9ng c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi l\u00fac s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng d\u1eabn t\u1edbi c\u00f9ng k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3. Theo c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn k\u1ecbch b\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u thay \u0111\u1ed5i, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 thay \u0111\u1ed5i, kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng thay \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u thay \u0111\u1ed5i c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c cho n\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch xung \u0111\u1ed9t m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4i khi can nhi\u1ec5u l\u1eabn nhau m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. H\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c, v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi khi c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n. Sinh vi\u00ean s\u1ebd h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng m\u00e0 t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 tho\u1ea3 m\u00e3n nhu c\u1ea7u ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 tho\u1ea3 hi\u1ec7p c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n th\u1ef1c.<\/p>\n

      T\u00f4i tin c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn m\u1edbi n\u00e0y l\u00e0 cao c\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong vi\u1ec7c d\u1ea1y k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hay c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      —-English version—-<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Learning Software Engineering<\/p>\n

      There is a difference between the computer skills taught at university and the skills that are needed by the software industry. The difference seems to be the way academic view of how computer theories must be taught to students and the experiences of the professors. The academia view of teaching is focusing in a series of lectures about computing theories and practice using programming assignments. While this is a reasonable approach, such lectures and class assignments often lack an \u201cin-depth knowledge\u201d of what happened in real software projects. That is why many students who are very good in school have difficulty to apply their theories into practices when working in software industry. Following are some differences:<\/p>\n

      The academic approach emphasizes:<\/p>\n

        \n
      1. The construction of small programs, about few hundred lines of code.<\/li>\n
      2. The use of few programming languages such as Pascal or C.<\/li>\n
      3. Everything always \u201cstart new\u201d for each assignment.<\/li>\n
      4. School rarely teaches the use of software tools or Commercial-off-the-shelves (COTS) products.<\/li>\n
      5. Programming in isolation or in small groups.<\/li>\n
      6. The belief that if a program “works”, it is good.<\/li>\n
      7. An informal development approach (Mostly coding) rather than rigorous that requires more skills.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

        Practicing software developer in industry must have to deal with:<\/p>\n

          \n
        1. Software systems that are large, often hundred thousands or millions lines of code.<\/li>\n
        2. Several programming languages, Pascal and C are NOT used anymore, to be replaced by Java, C++, C # and Ajax;<\/li>\n
        3. Existing systems remain important and have to be maintained and continuously updated. Rarely you start something new;<\/li>\n
        4. Most companies have hundreds of software tools and extensive use of Commercial-Off-The Shelves Products<\/li>\n
        5. Most development efforts that are undertaken by large teams, no one works alone.<\/li>\n
        6. There are many cost performance trade-offs in business contexts. A program that \u201cWork\u201d may not be good enough;<\/li>\n
        7. Every development must follow a well-defined processes and standards.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

          Clearly, these two approaches are NOT in line with each other, that is why so many computer science students suffered in the software industry and have to be retrained before they can be productive.<\/p>\n

          Another major issue is the identification of knowledge and skills. Knowledge refers to what student \u201cknow\u201d but skills indicate things that students should be able to “do”. Furthermore the skills can be specified with a “depth” (Familiarity, Practice, and Mastery) based on experiences and length of practice. Unfortunately, most university professors never work in software industry or have been exposed to these practices so they only focus on teaching theories but not practices so students never have a chance to develop an in-depth knowledge of some subjects.<\/p>\n

          Today, most top universities in the world are replacing traditional assignments with \u201csimulated scenarios\u201d where students must apply what they learn in solving \u201creal problems\u201d. With this approach, students can develop their skills by applying the knowledge they learned in class and receive feedbacks from professors. This is the main reason why most software engineering programs is focusing on \u201cthe process\u201d or the sequence of activities that software engineering must follow rather than learning abstract theories. In traditional lectures method, software process is difficult to teach because unless the professor have actual industry experiences, it would be difficult to explain the concept of process to students who are simply sitting and listening to the instructions. To learn \u201cprocess\u201d they must \u201cdo it\u201d.\u00a0 (The Learning by Doing method).<\/p>\n

          For example, in the simulated scenario approach, there are multiple events happen at the same time; so students must frequently interrupt their activities to work on others just like in real project. They learn how to prioritize their works because doing the same way every time will not lead to the same results. In scenario approach, there are several random factors such as requirements changes, team member change, customers change and schedules change just like in real project so student learn that there are conflicting goals that sometimes interfere with each other that they must solve. Students\u2019 actions are to identify certain goals as more important than others, and some goals that can be attained when others can be postponed or partially fulfilled. Students will learn that for every project, there are multiple users and customers that each try to satisfy their own needs so they learn how to negotiate and compromise just as they will do in real projects.<\/p>\n

          I believe this new approach is far superior than the traditional approach, especially in teaching software engineering or other technology fields.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

          C\u00f3 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y \u1edf \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi. Kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3016","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3016","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=3016"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3016\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3017,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3016\/revisions\/3017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=3016"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=3016"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=3016"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}