{"id":301,"date":"2013-06-18T21:44:04","date_gmt":"2013-06-18T14:44:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=301"},"modified":"2013-06-18T21:44:04","modified_gmt":"2013-06-18T14:44:04","slug":"cai-to-di-tru-cua-mi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=301","title":{"rendered":"C\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 di tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a M\u0129"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u1eeb 11\/9\/2001, M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho sinh vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u1edf l\u1ea1i M\u0129 sau khi h\u1ecd t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. Trong nh\u1eefng n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di tr\u00fa “\u0111\u00f3ng c\u1eeda” n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch b\u1edfi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh kh\u00e1ch v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1edfng New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 “t\u1ef1 t\u1eed qu\u1ed1c gia” \u0111i \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t r\u1ed3i \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi M\u0129.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u0103m ngo\u00e1i, qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch di tr\u00fa \u0111\u1ec3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1ec1 ngh\u1ecb n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp ra b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea3ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 T\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Barack Obama s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a ra qui ch\u1ebf th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 c\u01b0 d\u00e2n v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n (th\u1ebb xanh) cho sinh vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u (th\u1ea1c s\u0129 v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfn s\u0129) trong khu v\u1ef1c STEM (Khoa h\u1ecdc, C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7, K\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 v\u00e0 To\u00e1n h\u1ecdc) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1edf l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129. Trong di\u1ec5n v\u0103n nh\u1eadm ch\u1ee9c nhi\u1ec7m k\u00ec th\u1ee9 hai, t\u1ed5ng th\u1ed1ng Obama tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: “Cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 … ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o sinh vi\u00ean v\u00e0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 tr\u1ebb n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o danh s\u00e1ch l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta thay v\u00ec b\u1ecb bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ra kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00fang ta.” Trong khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea3ng C\u1ed9ng ho\u00e0 v\u00e0 D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang tranh c\u00e3i v\u1ec1 nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng vi\u1ec7c m\u1edf lu\u1eadt di tr\u00fa cho sinh vi\u00ean STEM n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea3 hai \u0111\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean khi n\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t ra th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c mu\u1ed1n sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Theo Vi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf M\u0129, c\u00f3 x\u1ea5p x\u1ec9 200,000 sinh vi\u00ean Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 130,000 sinh vi\u00ean \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111ang h\u1ecdc trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc M\u0129 trong n\u0103m h\u1ecdc 2011-2012. Con s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mong \u0111\u1ee3i t\u0103ng l\u00ean g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i hay g\u1ea5p ba trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m t\u1edbi. C\u01a1 quan D\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng con s\u1ed1 cao nh\u1ea5t c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 STEM l\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c (35%) theo sau l\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 (19%) H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c (9 %) v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n (7%).\u00a0 \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 n\u1ebfu c\u1ea3i c\u00e1ch di tr\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua, M\u0129 s\u1ebd c\u1ea5p nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ecb th\u1ef1c v\u0129nh vi\u1ec5n h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u00e0: Bao nhi\u00eau ng\u01b0\u1eddi trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc? \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i cho chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c sinh vi\u00ean h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i kh\u00f4ng? Lu\u1eadt n\u00e0y c\u00f3 g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n cho k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch n\u0103m n\u0103m c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c (2011-2015) nh\u1eafm ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i tri th\u1ee9c kh\u00f4ng? N\u00f3 c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi ph\u1ed1i trong C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin kh\u00f4ng? Theo m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111i\u1ec1u tra b\u00e1o ch\u00ed v\u1ec1 sinh vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, 68% ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p b\u00e0y t\u1ecf \u01b0\u1edbc mu\u1ed1n \u1edf l\u1ea1i M\u0129 thay v\u00ec tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd v\u00e0 27% v\u1eabn c\u00f2n ch\u01b0a quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, d\u1eef li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1eadn d\u1eef \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, m\u1ed9t quan ch\u1ee9c ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0: \u201cVi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e1nh c\u1eafp \u0111\u00e1ng x\u1ea5u h\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i, vi\u1ec7c \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i t\u1ed5 di tr\u00fa \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00f4ng qua v\u00e0 t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, cu\u1ed9c tranh c\u00e3i s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u1edf trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u00e0i ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i ki\u1ec3m tra l\u1ea1i t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. H\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec3 cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf. Ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, vi\u1ec7c di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

The U.S immigration reform<\/p>\n

Since Sep 11, 2001, the U.S has been tightening its immigration policy, making it difficult for foreign students to stay in the U.S after they graduated. In recent years, this \u201cClose door\u201d immigration policy has been criticized by many politicians and described by New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg as “National suicide” that train best workers then let them go back to their countries and compete with the U.S.<\/p>\n

Last year, the U.S Congress proposed an immigration reform to change this policy. The proposals organized by both parties as well as President Barack Obama would offer work visas and permanent residence (Green cards) to foreign students who have advanced degrees (MS and Ph.D) in STEM areas (Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics.) to stay and work in the U.S. In his inaugural speech for his second term, President Obama declared: “Our journey is not complete … until bright young foreign students and engineers are enlisted in our workforce rather than expelled from our country.” While Republicans and Democrats are still arguing on several issues but open immigration for STEM foreign students is something both parties have agreed. However when it passed, it would pose a big challenge for China, India and other developing countries that want their highly educated students to return home.<\/p>\n

According to the U.S Institute of International Education, there are approximately 200,000 Chinese students and 130,000 Indian students studying in US universities during the 2011-2012 school years. The number can be expected to increase twice or three times in the next few years. A Congressional Service report that the highest number of students study STEM are Chinese (35%) followed by India (19%) South Korea (9 percent) and Japan (7%).\u00a0 It means that if the immigration reform is passed, the US will grant more permanent visas to these students.<\/p>\n

The questions are: How many of them will return home? Will that damage the strategy of educated their top students abroad? Will this law completely hurt China\u2019s five -year plan (2011-2015) that aims to develop a knowledge society? Will it change India\u2019s plan to be the dominating force in Information Technology? According to a newspaper survey of foreign students, 68% of graduates expressed the desire to stay in the U.S rather than returning to their countries and 27% still undecided. Of course, this data created anger in China and India, a government officer called this: \u201cA shameful stealing of our talented people, the robbery of our national resource.\u201d<\/p>\n

It is just a matter of time for this Immigration reform to pass and of course, the debate will continue. Developing countries will have to work harder to keep their skilled people at home. They will have to improve their education systems to develop their own talents. They will have to examine why they their education system failed. They will have to take actions to provide their skilled people the best working environment so they can use their skills to improve the economy. Unless they can do that, the exodus of their best talents to other developed countries will continue.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u1eeb 11\/9\/2001, M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch di tr\u00fa c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, g\u00e2y ra kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho sinh vi\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u1edf l\u1ea1i M\u0129 sau … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-301","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/301","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=301"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/301\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":303,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/301\/revisions\/303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=301"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=301"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=301"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}