{"id":2990,"date":"2013-07-08T13:21:59","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T06:21:59","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2990"},"modified":"2013-07-08T13:21:59","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T06:21:59","slug":"cach-dong-vien-to","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2990","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ed5"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cL\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u00ec t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi th\u1ea7y r\u1eb1ng th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t th\u1ebf n\u00e0o.\u201d Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 l\u1eddi khuy\u00ean c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i:<\/span><\/p>\n

Ch\u00fac m\u1eebng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e1ch b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u00e0i \u0111i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 t\u00f4i hi v\u1ecdng ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u00edch cho b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao. B\u1edfi l\u00ed do n\u00e0y, t\u00f4i g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng l\u00fac b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn c\u00f9ng nhau v\u1ec1 t\u1ea7m nh\u00ecn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau, ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng trong t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. Ph\u1ea3i ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 ch\u00fang v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t cho th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o. T\u00f4i ch\u1eafc m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u hay vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch cho h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi h\u1ecd theo nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng; b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 tin c\u1eady c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cam k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

Sau khi t\u1ed5 g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1, thu x\u1ebfp g\u1eb7p g\u1ee1 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n v\u1edbi t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u1eeb h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1ea1n trong d\u1ef1a \u00e1n n\u00e0y. Ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 “M\u00f4 t\u1ea3 vi\u1ec7c” r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd \u0111o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ecfi h\u1ecd c\u00e1ch h\u1ecd th\u00edch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd trong c\u00e1c vai tr\u00f2 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, v\u00ec t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c nhau. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd r\u00f5 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

D\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c \u00e9p \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t theo l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n cho h\u1ecd th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t theo kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. N\u1ebfu s\u1ee9c \u00e9p t\u0103ng l\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n cho h\u1ecd nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n l\u00e0 \u00edt b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 h\u1ecd. T\u00f4i bi\u1ebft l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 gian nan l\u1eafm, nh\u01b0ng n\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1eb7t s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean h\u1ecd, hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb gi\u1ea3m, thay v\u00ec c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd b\u1ecb r\u1eafc r\u1ed1i. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n \u0111o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u1eb7n. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i g\u1eb7p h\u1ecd theo c\u00e1ch c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n t\u1eebng tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng th\u00e0nh t\u1ef1u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111ang l\u00e0 g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. B\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i c\u1edfi m\u1edf v\u1edbi h\u1ecd, ng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean v\u00e0 gi\u1eef th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ecdi l\u00fac. \u0110\u1eeaNG BAO GI\u1edc bi\u1ec3u l\u1ed9 gi\u1eadn d\u1eef c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n hay bu\u1ed9c t\u1ed9i b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ai, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng n\u00e0o. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n t\u00edch c\u1ef1c, t\u00e1i kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd v\u00e0o m\u1ecdi l\u00fac, cho d\u00f9 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 b\u1ecb tr\u1ec5. Qui t\u1eafc v\u00e0ng l\u00e0: \u201cTh\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 v\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG th\u00eam g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng cho vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.\u201d<\/p>\n

B\u1edfi v\u00ec d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00ean b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng \u201cB\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m\u201d trong l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 t\u1ed5. L\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao hay kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p. Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ea7n m\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e1ng th\u00ec b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n th\u00eam qu\u00e3ng 20% b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec7m v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho b\u1ea1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian 12 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ec3 cho ph\u00e9p nh\u1eefng thay \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn hay trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean hay c\u1ea7n th\u00eam th\u1eddi gian cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m nh\u1eb9 r\u1ee7i ro m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed qu\u00e1 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n v\u00e0 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng b\u1ecb d\u01b0\u1edbi s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u1edbn t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c h\u1ecd qu\u00ean m\u1ea5t ca ng\u1ee3i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5. M\u1ecdi l\u00fac t\u1ed5 chuy\u1ec3n giao m\u1ed9t s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ch\u00fac m\u1eebng h\u1ecd. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5, kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n cho n\u00ean b\u1ea1n x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng tinh th\u1ea7n t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1edfng cho t\u1ed5 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho t\u1ed5 \u0111i \u0103n c\u00f9ng nhau, \u0111i xem bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n, li\u00ean hoan v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd tham gia ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 cho t\u00ecnh b\u1ea1n m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh. T\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi nhau, h\u1ecd c\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ed1 k\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1eb7t ra. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, c\u00f3 v\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9 v\u00e0 x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u1edfng th\u00eam nh\u01b0ng b\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG mu\u1ed1n t\u1ea1o ra “b\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed c\u1ea1nh tranh” gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1edfng cho t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, t\u00f4i cho h\u1ecd ngh\u1ec9 ng\u00e0y th\u1ee9 s\u00e1u \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9 cu\u1ed1i tu\u1ea7n d\u00e0i, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y l\u00e0 t\u00edch c\u1ef1c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra \u0111\u1ed1i th\u1ee7 trong c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng khi b\u1ea1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m ch\u1ec9, b\u1ea1n x\u1ee9ng \u0111\u00e1ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. Khi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 l\u1eabn nhau, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ea5y \u0111e do\u1ea1 n\u00e0o v\u1ec1 lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n th\u01b0\u1edfng n\u00e0y. \u0110\u1eeaNG BAO GI\u1edc th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn vi\u1ec7c l\u00ean l\u01b0\u01a1ng hay th\u01b0\u1edfng v\u1edbi t\u1ed5, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u00e0 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng ti.<\/p>\n

Trong c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh, khi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng sang c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c ngay. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i khuy\u1ebfn c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea3i gi\u1eef t\u1ed5 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng ch\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 70% c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef c\u00f9ng nhau v\u1edbi 30% c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 m\u1edbi cho m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi. Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi hay c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec3m ng\u1eaft gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n cho n\u00ean th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 cho m\u1ecdi th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1eeb 2 t\u1edbi 4 tu\u1ea7n trong l\u1edbp \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi k\u00ec ngh\u1ec9, c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd mang s\u1ee9c \u00e9p c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf b\u1ea1n “l\u00e0m m\u00f2n m\u1ecfi” t\u1ed5 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3. Cho n\u00ean l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n gi\u00fap cho t\u1ed5 \u201cb\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0\u01a1i m\u1edbi\u201d b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho h\u1ecd kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ngh\u1ec9 \u1edf cu\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1edfng cho h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecd c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh trong \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i; b\u1ea1n s\u1ebd c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn hi\u1ec7u n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 b\u1ea1n v\u00e0 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

How to motivate a team<\/p>\n

A project manager asked me: \u201cAs newly promoted software manager, I want to know how to motivate my team since I agree with you that my success depends on how well my team performs\u201d Following are my advices:<\/p>\n

Congratulation on your promotion, there are many ways that you can improve your team performance. Following are some things that I have used and I hope they can help you.<\/p>\n

You need to know that your team members only perform well if they understand what they need to do and why. For this reason, I suggest that at the beginning of the project, you get your team together to discuss the project vision, objectives, team assignments and schedules. Make sure that your team understands them well and how the project is critical to the success of the company. I am sure some members may have questions about the schedule or their roles. You need to explain to them about your expectations and willing to work with them on their assignments; you will gain their trusts and their commitments.<\/p>\n

After the team meeting, arrange an individual meeting with each team member so you can discuss their individual assignment, what do you need from them to help you in the project. Make sure they have a clear \u201cJob Description\u201d and they know how you are going to measure their performance in the project. Ask them how they like to be managed, what motivates them and how you can support them in their roles. This is really about building relationship with them, as each member may have different goals and career objectives. You need to know them well so you can support them.<\/p>\n

Software projects always have pressures especially with schedule. However, you need to give them time to work to the best of their abilities. If the pressure increases, you need to give them more time than less because it is your job to protect them. I know it is hard to do this, but if you put pressure on them, their performance will reduce, rather than improve and your project will be in trouble. Of course, you need to measure their performance regularly. As manager, you must meet with them individually every week to discuss their achievements, what the issues are and how they can improve. You need to speak to them openly, casually and keeping constructive at all times. NEVER show your anger or accuse anybody, it never works under any situation. As a manager, you need to be positive, reassuring and supporting them at all times, even if the project is delayed. The golden rule is: \u201cYour success depends on their performance, your job is to support and NOT to add burden to their works\u201d.<\/p>\n

Because software project always have problems with changes so you must build a \u201cBuffer\u201d in your schedule to protect the team. As manager you must learn how to negotiate with senior manager or customers on the time allowed. Assume that you estimate the project needs ten months then you will need to add about 20% buffer into the project so you negotiate a 12 months time to allow uncertain changes or in case of employee turnover or need more time for knowledge and skills training. This is really a risk mitigation that project manager must know.<\/p>\n

Many manager are so busy and always under significant pressure that they forgot to praise the team\u2019s successes. Every time the team deliver a quality product, finish a difficult task on time, you must congratulate them. You must do it as a team, not individual so you build the team spirit as everybody must work as a team. You should reward the team by get your team together for a dinner, a show, a party and allow them to socializing so that new friendships can be formed. The stronger the bond your team have with each other, the more likely they will work together as a single cohesive unit and achieve the objectives you have set. Of course, there are few people who are working hard and deserve additional rewards but you do NOT want to create a \u201ccompetitive atmosphere\u201d among team members. I reward my team by giving them time off. For example, if a person work hard, I let them have Friday off so they can have long weekend to rest, this will improve their motivation and increase their efficiency. This kind of reward is positive and do not create adversarial among team members because everybody understand that when you work hard, you deserve some time off to rest. As team member always support each others, they do not see any threatening on this kind of reward. NEVER discuss salary raises or bonus with the team, it will create problems. That is NOT the job of a project manager but of senior managers or the owner of the company.<\/p>\n

In typical software company, when a team finishes a project, team members are assigned onto other projects right away. This may break the bonding of the team especially if the team is successful so I recommend that if possible, company must keep the team intact as much as possible. My formula is 70% of the team must be kept together with 30% of team members are new for every new project. In this case, team members can train new members or having chances to build the team accordingly. There must be a break between projects so team member can rest and learn new things. My formula is giving every successful team members 2 to 4 weeks in training class. Without a rest period, team members will carry their stress into the next project and actually you \u201cburn out\u201d the best team that you have. So as project manager, you need to help your team to \u201cstart afresh\u201d by give them some time off at the end of the project and reward them by let them improve their skills in training.<\/p>\n

I hope that sharing with you some of my experiences; you will be able to improve the performance of your team and your chances of success.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cL\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t, t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed9ng vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2990","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2990","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2990"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2990\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2991,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2990\/revisions\/2991"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2990"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2990"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2990"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}