{"id":2975,"date":"2013-07-08T11:53:32","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T04:53:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2975"},"modified":"2013-07-08T11:53:32","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T04:53:32","slug":"cong-nhan-moi-trong-cong-ti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2975","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng ti"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p gia nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng? H\u1ecdh ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5? Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t bao l\u00e2u \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t? \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 d\u00e0nh v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng t\u1edbi th\u0103m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u v\u00e0 ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u t\u00f4i t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y th\u1eadt th\u00fa v\u1ecb n\u00ean t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tr\u00e1nh nh\u1eefng sai l\u1ea7m ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i. T\u00f4i c\u0169ng tin r\u1eb1ng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u th\u00eam n\u1eefa \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng t\u1eeb c\u1ea3nh quan c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi v\u00e0 c\u0169ng t\u1eeb ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho “nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 l\u00e0m quen,\u201d t\u1ea1i \u0111\u00f3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft m\u1ea5y v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u1ecd b\u1ecb l\u1eabn l\u1ed9n v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa v\u1ec1 sau b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m h\u01a1n. Sau v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u, h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho m\u00e3 \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n thay \u0111\u1ed5i nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1eeb nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c “l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1ec1 m\u00e3” \u0111\u00f3. Sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng s\u1eeda m\u00e3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trao cho c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng v\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u l\u00e0m sao c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Khi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng ti, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau tu\u1ef3 theo \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u1edf tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 h\u1ecd xu\u1ea5t th\u00e2n ra. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00edch vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1ed3i h\u1ecfi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi sau. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 mu\u1ed1n th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chi ti\u1ebft tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi l\u00e0m b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec. B\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n, h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n m\u1edbi. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u00f9ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm tr\u00ean web v\u1ec1 \u201cc\u00e1c website th\u00fa v\u1ecb\u201d. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ch\u01a1i tr\u00f2 ch\u01a1i video b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 k\u1ebft n\u1ed1i internet t\u1ed1t, khi h\u1ecd b\u1ecb b\u1eaft h\u1ecd b\u1ecb k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt v\u00e0 th\u1eadm ch\u00ed b\u1ecb \u0111u\u1ed5i. B\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng kh\u00e1c nhau, nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea nh\u00ecn c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 theo nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau v\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ch\u00fang n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft. Bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f3 trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo c\u00e1ch thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 v\u1ee5ng v\u1ec1.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5 cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd th\u00edch tranh c\u00e3i v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 “khoe khoang” k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn l\u00e0 t\u1ea7m th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c l\u1ea1i nghi\u00eam ch\u1ec9nh h\u01a1n. \u00dd ki\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t trong “Ai bi\u1ebft nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n” hay “C\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 n\u00e0o t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\u201d M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng “theo s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n” ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00e1i g\u00ec ch\u1eebng n\u00e0o h\u1ecd ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef li\u1ec7u. H\u1ecd th\u00edch bi\u1ebft \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o c\u00f3 \u0111\u00f3 tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi thu\u1ed9c ki\u1ec3u “Nhanh v\u00e0 s\u1ed1ng” v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 b\u00e2y gi\u1edd r\u1ed3i s\u1eeda ch\u00fang v\u1ec1 sau, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n ch\u1ee9ng minh cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd l\u00e0 \u201cng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t\u201d v\u00e0 bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 “theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u00fang.\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u1ea5t trong nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o. Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi hay h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1eadn r\u1ed9n th\u1ebf v\u00e0 h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngay khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m thay v\u00ec d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh “nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n” hay th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c. Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 c\u00e1c cu\u1ed9c h\u1ecdp h\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n n\u01a1i m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0ng l\u1ea1i t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, c\u00e1c th\u1ee9 h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hay c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u00ednh m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea3i ra thay v\u00ec c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0a ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Khi t\u00f4i ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00edch d\u1eabn nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n KH\u00d4NG bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t phi\u00ean b\u1ea3n cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd thay \u0111\u1ed5i m\u00e3 tu\u1ef3 \u00fd th\u00edch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o. Sai l\u1ea7m th\u1ee9 hai nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea1m ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG tu\u00e2n theo qui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i: \u201cTr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 d\u1ea1y v\u1ec1 “qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m” hi\u1ec7n\u00a0 nay kh\u00f4ng? Sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c chu\u1ea9n c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00f4ng?\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u1ea1y c\u1ea3m, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e1y t\u00ednh v\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o trong c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u01b0\u1edbng nghi\u1ec7p, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. M\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng ti bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd hay \u201cQui tr\u00ecnh chu\u1ea9n.\u201d M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qui tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u ch\u00fat n\u00e0o nh\u01b0ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 bi\u1ebft b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed5 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf s\u1edbm hay c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed sau khi vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft sau. Tu\u1ef3 theo lo\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m quen v\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o m\u00e0 d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u00f9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 \u0111i t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec l\u00e0 qui tr\u00ecnh ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed1i thi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi v\u00ec t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi l\u00e0m thay \u0111\u1ed5i n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u00ec c\u1ea3 t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng b\u1edfi vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi n\u1eefa. M\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c nhau c\u00f3 \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng kh\u00e1c nhau v\u1ec1 \u201cn\u0103ng su\u1ea5t\u201d ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00e0 t\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y theo c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 v\u00e0 thu\u1eadn ti\u1ec7n cho h\u1ecd. S\u1ebd kh\u00f3 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc nhanh ch\u00f3ng v\u00ec \u0111\u00f4i khi nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp. M\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd t\u1ef1 tin th\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5. C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n v\u00ec h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1y c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5. H\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch h\u1ecfi s\u1ef1 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ee3 b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 l\u00e0 “Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c.\u201d Ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y c\u00e1ch c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi nhau. Trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u trong m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u d\u1ec5 cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n l\u00e0 b\u1eaft v\u00e0o m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd th\u1ea5y m\u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0m g\u00ec cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng ti. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap \u0111\u1ee1 b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n sau m\u1ed9t hay hai th\u00e1ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, \u0111\u1ec3 cho qui tr\u00ecnh nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb m\u1ea5t h\u00fat trong qu\u00e1 t\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng tin c\u1ee7a th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng trong khi h\u1ecd b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1ecf, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 \u00edch h\u1ecd \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u1edbp v\u1edbi “b\u1ee9c tranh l\u1edbn” v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c h\u1ecfi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

Nh\u1eefng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n kh\u00e1c m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n vi\u1ebft “qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u\u201d m\u00e3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ec3m xem th\u01b0 vi\u1ec7n \u201cd\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i\u201d c\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng. Trong ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti, c\u00f3 ch\u1ed7 c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef “t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i\u201d nh\u01b0ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n hi\u1ebfm khi nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o trong n\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n v\u1ec1 c\u0103n b\u1ea3n s\u1ebd c\u1ed1 “vi\u1ebft l\u1ea1i m\u00e3” cho to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd theo vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. H\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eddi gian h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch b\u1ed1 tr\u00ed m\u00e3, l\u00ed do cho \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 ai \u0111ang d\u00f9ng n\u00f3. H\u1ecd nh\u1ea3y v\u00e0o trong “vi\u1ebft m\u00e3” theo c\u00e1ch l\u1edbn lao v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m nhi\u1ec1u sai l\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin t\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 k\u00e8m c\u1eb7p l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111em ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o trong c\u00f4ng ti. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn ai \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi trong t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, h\u00e3y ch\u1eafc d\u00e0nh th\u1eddi gian n\u00f3i v\u1edbi h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00f3n ch\u00e0o v\u00e0o d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t m\u00e0 t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t v\u00e0 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

new workers in company<\/p>\n

What happened when newly graduated students join a software company? Are they welcomed by the experienced software developers? How long will it take for them to work as a team? How long will it take for new people learn what they need to be productive? Those were questions that I wanted to know so I spent several months visiting software companies in the U.S and Europe and interviewed people there. What I found were interesting so I like to share with you so you may be able to avoid mistakes others had made. I also believe that this issue must be investigated further to reduce frustrations from the perspective of a new employee and also from project manager hiring new people into project.<\/p>\n

Many people told me that as new employees they were assigned \u201cfamiliarization tasks\u201d where they were given documents to read and update. Because they did not know much about the projects, they are confused and some had made mistakes that had to be corrected later by more experienced people. After several weeks of reading documents, they were given code for review and made small changes so they can learn from these \u201cworking codes\u201d. After several months of fixing code they were given small programs to write as they were improving their knowledge, but it had taken a long time to understand how the company operated and what all of the software was for.<\/p>\n

As new people join company, they all have different skills depending on what they have learned in schools and what schools that they came from. Some like to code first then ask questions later. Some want to discuss in detail before doing anything. Because most managers are very busy, they do not give enough attention to new workers. Many do not know what to do beside works assigned to them so some use company computers to search the web for \u201cinteresting websites\u201d. Some even play videogames because of good internet connection, when they got caught they are disciplined and even fired. Because of different skills, new hires see problems in different ways and have different ideas of how they should be solved. It is always difficult in the first few months for every new hires because many good ideas were implemented in a clumsy and inexperienced way.<\/p>\n

New people do not know how to work in team so they like to argue with each others to \u201cshow-off\u201d their skills. Some discussions are trivial but others are more serious. A different opinion could easily end up in \u201cWho know more\u201d or \u201cWhich tool is better\u201d. Some people are \u201cFact driven\u201d which mean they do NOT agree with anything unless they have enough data. They like to know exactly what information there is before they agree to any solution. Many are \u201cFast and furious\u201d and want to do everything now then fix them later, they have a lot of energy and want to prove to manager that they are \u201cThe bests\u201d and know how to do things the \u201cright way\u201d.<\/p>\n

The most common problem in many companies is the lack of training for new people and makes them feel welcome. Most software companies are small and busy so they do not want to invest in training new people or guide them accordingly. Many managers are so busy and they want their new hires to work as soon as they can rather than spending time to train them to become \u201cProfessional\u201d or discuss life beyond work. Many companies have weekly meetings where people talk about issues but most are focusing on technical problems, things that they can not solve, or major decisions managers must make rather than how to bring newly hired programmer into the project.<\/p>\n

As I interviewed software managers, many complained that new hires do not have skills needed by industry. The most cited example is the understand configuration management as many new hires do NOT know about revision control so they change code as they like without any formal control process. The second mistake new people frequently made are NOT following standard process. One manager asked me: \u201cDoes school teach \u201csoftware process\u201d today? Do students understand that they must follow company\u2019s standard?\u201d This is a sensitive issue, especially to computer science students and students who are trained in vocational schools that do not have formal education in software engineering. Every company always has certain level of formality for their works or \u201cStandard process\u201d. Some are well documented but other may not be documented at all but people who work there know because it is the way the team operates. For example, testing could be very formal and must be designed early or it is possible just write test after coding as an afterthought. Depending on the kind of project and sophisticated of the company, it may require new hires to get familiar with what process that the project uses. It is very important for new hires to come to agreement with their team about what is the minimum acceptable formal process because each new person changes the productivity of the team. The new hires must learn to be as productive as possible as the whole team will be affected by having new people too. Part of the problem is different people have a different idea of what \u201cproductivity\u201d means. The issue is the team used to doing things in particular ways and comfortable with them. There will be difficult for new hires to learn quickly sometimes the things that they learned in school will not work in the industry.<\/p>\n

The main thing for new hires is to be patient and learn. Once they are confident then they can be accepted as part of the team. Teamwork is often a major issue for new hires as they are NOT taught how to work in team. They do NOT know how to ask for help, or how to ask questions as they are afraid that by asking too many questions, they may be judged as \u201cIncompetent\u201d. It takes a while to learn how the whole company operates and feel for how all components fit together. While it is important to start in one project but it is easy for a new hires to get caught up in that small piece and never see what their piece is doing for the whole company. Experienced people can help by explain the business of the company to new hires after a month or two of settling in, so that the business process do not get lost in the information overload of the first month. New hires need to know that while they are starting small, to be really useful they should at least know how their part of the project fits the \u201cbig picture\u201d and should do more learning and questioning needed to find out about that.<\/p>\n

Another complains that several managers told me is many new hires write \u201ctoo much\u201d code without checking the \u201cRe-use\u201d library. In most companies, there are places to store \u201cRe-use materials\u201d but new people rarely look into it. New hires will typically try to \u201cre-code\u201d an entire system in their first few weeks on the job. They are trained to code but not much in other aspect of software development, they have NOT take time to learn the code layout, the reasons for it, and who is using it. They just jump into \u201cCoding\u201d in a big way and make a lot of mistakes.<\/p>\n

I strongly believe training and mentoring are better ways to bringing new hires into the company. If you are accepting someone new into your team, make sure you spend time talk to them about how things are done and support them so they feel welcomed in the project. This is the best investment a team could do to improve productivity and build teamwork.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra khi sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p gia nh\u1eadp c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m? H\u1ecd c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2975","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2975","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2975"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2975\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2976,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2975\/revisions\/2976"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2975"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2975"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2975"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}