{"id":2971,"date":"2013-07-08T11:50:05","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T04:50:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2971"},"modified":"2013-07-08T11:50:05","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T04:50:05","slug":"nguoi-quan-li-co-kinh-nghiem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2971","title":{"rendered":"Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, m\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7. Th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 t\u1ed1t c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t, k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed5 t\u1ed1t, v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tri th\u1ee9c chuy\u00ean gia c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c li\u00ean t\u1ee5c h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch cung c\u1ea5p cho t\u1ed5 m\u00ecnh nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng tri th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG gi\u1eef c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c trong th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. H\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea cho m\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u01b0ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a anh ta l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00e1c trong c\u00f4ng ti, th\u00ec t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cho anh ta \u0111\u1ec3 cho anh ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n sang d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00e1c thay v\u00ec \u0111u\u1ed5i anh ta v\u00e0 thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o li\u00ean t\u1ee5c l\u00e0 c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti kh\u00e1c.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1eddi gian c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sai hay thi\u1ebfu \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u1ebft th\u00fac v\u1edbi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i theo l\u1ecbch. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed che gi\u1ea5u sai l\u1ea7m \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bu\u1ed9c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 g\u1ecdi \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 “n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t” (\u00cdt ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n, nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c h\u01a1n). Tuy nhi\u00ean, nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 tri\u1ec7u ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed3i, v\u00e0 ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1ch x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng t\u1ed5. L\u00e0m qu\u00e1 gi\u1edd l\u00e0 kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 “l\u00ean khu\u00f4n th\u1eddi gian.” N\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u \u0111ang tr\u01b0\u1ee3t, c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed s\u1ebd g\u00e2y s\u1ee9c \u00e9p l\u00ean t\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ec3 “l\u00ean khu\u00f4n th\u1eddi gian\u201d b\u1eb1ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u201cki\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c\u201d v\u00e0 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ed5i ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t c\u1ee7a th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 “c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7\u201d, b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea1m sai l\u1ea7m v\u00e0 sai l\u1ea7m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng g\u00e2y t\u1ed1n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa. Gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 v\u1ec1 nh\u00e0 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i sau t\u00e1m gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 cho h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quay l\u1ea1i c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c khi tr\u00ed n\u00e3o t\u01b0\u01a1i t\u1eafn v\u00e0 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng. C\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n s\u1ebd l\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t v\u1ea1ch th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi trong th\u1eddi k\u00ec hai t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n tu\u1ea7n (C\u0169ng nh\u01b0 Scrum trong ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p mau l\u1eb9 agile). Khi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi, t\u1ed5 s\u1ebd c\u1ea7n m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0y hay \u0111\u1ea1i lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c. Quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u00e9p bu\u1ed9c l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd li\u1ec1n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i cho tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Cho ph\u00e9p m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec9 ng\u01a1i s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd l\u00e0m tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i t\u00e2m tr\u00ed h\u1ecd, kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngh\u0129 v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00ec h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c trong qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng sai hay \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 th\u1ea5p v\u1ec1 t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean. Tr\u1ed9n l\u1eabn v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 r\u1eddi b\u1ecf d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi theo c\u00e1ch t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd sung s\u01b0\u1edbng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd \u0111ang l\u00e0m th\u00ec \u00edt c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecf \u0111i. Trong cu\u1ed9c suy tho\u00e1i kinh t\u1ebf cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng v\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y, khi nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti sa th\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u thu\u00ea h\u1ecd cho n\u00ean khi kinh t\u1ebf ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i, ch\u1ec9 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1edbi t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm t\u00e0i n\u0103ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. M\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c b\u00ed m\u1eadt c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tham gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a qui tr\u00ecnh, v\u00ec c\u00e1i v\u00e0o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd l\u00e0 s\u00e1ng cu\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t. Thay v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi, h\u1ecd cho ph\u00e9p t\u1ed5 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a c\u00e1c \u1ee9ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd bi\u1ebft k\u0129 v\u1ec1 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ai s\u1ebd ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p t\u1ed1t b\u00ean trong t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd.<\/p>\n

T\u1ed5 t\u1ed1t l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f9ng nhau m\u00e0 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1ed5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ee7a n\u00f3. Trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i nhanh ch\u00f3ng c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, vun tr\u1ed3ng nh\u00f3m t\u00e0i n\u0103ng nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m KH\u00d4NG ch\u1ec9 t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 m\u00e0 c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u00e1i \u0111\u1ed9 t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong nh\u00f3m. V\u00ec l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m tra b\u1ea5t k\u00ec kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh n\u00e0o c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf ch\u00fang tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ch\u00fang c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra thi\u1ec7t h\u1ea1i. Tinh th\u1ea7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t tinh th\u1ea7n c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u0129 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u hay ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1eef cho t\u1ed5 t\u1eadp trung trong khi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng ph\u00e2n t\u00e1n trong c\u00f4ng ti. B\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3, trong th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c h\u1ee3p l\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp khi th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 th\u01b0\u1eddng hay b\u1ecb b\u1ecf s\u00f3t khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfn t\u1edbi ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 s\u1ef1 li\u00ean t\u1ee5c. T\u1ed5 c\u00f3 n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i c\u00f9ng nhau kh\u00f4ng? Ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cho h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 li\u00ean quan t\u1edbi b\u1ed5 nhi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng? Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch cho vi\u1ec7c chuy\u1ec3n c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 sang nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 m\u1edbi. N\u1ebfu c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd \u0111ang b\u1ecb th\u1ea3i lo\u1ea1i, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1 th\u1ea5p tinh th\u1ea7n. Khi c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean \u0111i t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u1ecd c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c cho c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 cao h\u1ecd khi h\u1ecd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn v\u00e0o l\u00fac chuy\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean cho c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 l\u00e0 th\u1ea3nh th\u01a1i sau khi d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t n\u1ebfu d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1edd l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh n\u00f3. Tuy nhi\u00ean, h\u1ecd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd s\u1ebd c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o kh\u00e1c cho d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 cho ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p l\u00e2u d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng hi\u1ec3u \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch ch\u0103m s\u00f3c d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u0103m s\u00f3c c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. H\u1ecd l\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n th\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti v\u00e0 l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n thu nh\u1eadp t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng ti. T\u1ed5 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u0103m nom t\u1ed1t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ho\u00e0n th\u00e0nh d\u1ef1 \u00e1n d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi t\u1ed5 l\u00e0m th\u00eam vi\u1ec7c, ki\u1ec7t l\u1ef1c. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u1ebft th\u00fac d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, h\u1ecd l\u00e0m m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 x\u1ea3y ra v\u00e0 h\u1ecd n\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn b\u1edfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

experienced manager<\/p>\n

A typical software project often requires team members to have specific technical skills but for an experienced manager, technical skill alone is NOT enough. A good team member must also have good communication skills, good teaming skills, and the willingness to expand their expertise by continuously learning new things. Experienced managers know how to provide their team with the opportunities to expand their knowledge and NOT keeping the same people doing the same things for a long time. They understand that if a team member is hired for a project but his particular skills are not needed elsewhere in the company, then it is better to provide training to him so that he can transit to another project rather than fire him and hire another. Experienced managers know that continuous training is a necessary component of a company and the best investment is investing in their people. That is why companies with experienced managers have better chance to succeed than others.<\/p>\n

The most difficult thing in software management is estimating the time required to complete a project. Many projects have problems because wrong estimates or lack of estimates and end up with team members have to work more hours to get project back on schedule. Many managers cover their estimating mistakes by forcing their people to work long hours and call it \u201cproductivity\u201d (Fewer people, more works). However, long hour is often a symptom of a bad management problem, and certainly not a way to build team. Overtime is a concept of “making up time”. If a schedule is slipping, management will pressure the team to \u201cmake up time\u201d by working more hours and that is why many people \u201cBurn out\u201d and left the project and turnover is key factor of project failure.<\/p>\n

Software is an \u201cintellectual work\u201d, you can not force people to work long hours without making mistake and mistakes always cost more time to fix. The best solution is allowing the team to go home and rest after eight working hours so they can come back to work when their mind is fresh and clear. A better approach would be to set a short-term timeline with achievable goal that can be reached within two to four week period (Such as Scrum in agile method). When that goal has been reached, the team would need a day or so to rest before continue. The view of forcing working long hour is harmful to a team’s morale and their intellectual skills. Allow people to rest will allow them to ease their mind without thinking about work is a better solution since they will feel that they accomplish something. Experienced managers always understand this and that is why their projects have better chance of success than others.<\/p>\n

Another problem in software management is estimating the resource required to complete a project. Many projects have problems because wrong estimates or underestimates on resources. Compounding this problem is the fact that highly-skilled engineers is always in high demand in the marketplace and they can leave the project at any time. A software manager must always be aware of the value of the skills of his team and treat people accordingly. If they are happy with what they are doing there is less of a chance that they will leave. During the last economic recession few years ago, as many companies laid off people, top companies are hiring them so when the economy recovers, only top companies survive because they have all the best workers possible. Top companies always aggressively seek out talent because they understand the knowledge and skills are best assets of a company. One of their secret is the involvement of their software engineers in the selection process, since their inputs are the most insightful. Instead of manager doing the hiring, they allow the team to select candidates because they know their technical well and they could decide who would fit well within their team.<\/p>\n

A good team is a group of people working together that the whole is greater than the sum of its parts. In the fast-changing world of software development, cultivating a talented group of software people is essential. Experienced managers do NOT look just for people that have specific skills but also people with good attitude and the ability to work in groups. As teamwork is important, experienced managers always monitor the teaming activities and check for any aspect of the project that has issues on the team and work to remove them before they can cause any damage. Morale is one of the most important components for the successful completion of a software project. Experienced manager always monitors the morale of the team as thoroughly as he monitors the schedule or budget. That is why their projects have better chance of success than others.<\/p>\n

The most important thing for a software manager is to do his best to keep the team focused during any distractions in the company. By using team members effectively, within reasonable working hours, the project manager can ensure project success and actually ready to start the next project when the time comes. An issue often overlooked when a project approaches completion is providing the team members with continuity. Should the team be kept together? Will the engineer be given support regarding his next assignment? Experienced project managers know how to plan for the transition of team members to their next assignment. If team members feel that they are being discarded, it can lower morale. When members reach the end of a project, they feel as though they have done a lot for the company and they need to feel that the company appreciates them as they require guidance at a transition. It is a natural reaction for team members to relax after a project is completed, especially if that project was very difficult and many hours were demanded to complete it. However, they need to be assured that they will have another assignment and training for the next project and for their long-term career. Experienced managers always understand this and that is why their projects have better chance of success than others.<\/p>\n

Managers should know how to take care of the software projects by taking care of their team members. They are the ones who actually carry out the projects. They are the company true assets and the source of future revenue. A team that is well cared for can accomplish a project much easier than an overworked, burnt-out team. People finish projects, they make things happen and they should be managed carefully by experienced managers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean t\u1ed5 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2971","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2971","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2971"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2971\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2972,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2971\/revisions\/2972"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2971"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2971"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2971"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}