{"id":2967,"date":"2013-07-08T11:47:41","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T04:47:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2967"},"modified":"2013-07-08T11:47:41","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T04:47:41","slug":"cong-nghiep-phan-mem-can-gi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2967","title":{"rendered":"C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ea7n g\u00ec"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c khi h\u1ecd t\u1edbi th\u0103m Carnegie Mellon. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 h\u1ecd b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i r\u1eb1ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00fang v\u1edbi k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00fang b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng, v\u1ec1 to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 h\u1ecd t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft v\u1edbi \u00edt th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o h\u00e0n l\u00e2m \u00edt c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m nh\u01b0ng ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1ecf, th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1eeb m\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1edbi n\u0103m m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m kinh doanh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cCh\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ed5 l\u1ed7 hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ee7 t\u00e0i n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n \u0111em gi\u00e1o tr\u00ecnh m\u1edbi, ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o m\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p nhanh ch\u00f3ng nh\u1ea5t thay v\u00ec ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Carnegie Mellon v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o l\u1edbn \u1edf V\u00f4 T\u00edch c\u00f3 t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201c:iCarnegie\u201d \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o qu\u00e3ng 8000 sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u0103m theo ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh CMU v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o th\u00e1ng ch\u00edn v\u1eeba r\u1ed3i. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201c\u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean nh\u01b0ng 8000 sinh vi\u00ean m\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG \u0111\u1ee7. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1edd \u0111\u1ee3i b\u1ed1n n\u0103m n\u1eefa m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 k\u00ed tho\u1ea3 thu\u1eadn \u0111\u1ec3 thu\u00ea t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p t\u1eeb iCarnegie. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ki\u1ec3u th\u1ebf n\u00e0y \u1edf nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o h\u1ecd: \u201cCh\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi v\u00e0 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 gi\u1ecfi cho n\u00ean c\u00e1c \u00f4ng kh\u00f4ng n\u00ean v\u1ed9i x\u00f4 v\u00e0o. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 m\u1edf th\u00eam c\u00e1c trung t\u00e2m \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o, \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00e1c \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u1eefng sinh vi\u00ean c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng trung h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00e0o t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t s\u1ebd cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ea7u ra t\u1ed1t. V\u00ec k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, c\u00e1c \u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u00fang l\u00fac ban \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u00fang, ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u00a0 cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc cho sinh vi\u00ean. Ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed1t v\u1edbi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hu\u1ea5n luy\u1ec7n t\u1ed3i s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG \u0111em t\u1edbi k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t. Hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft c\u00e1c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u1edf V\u00f4 T\u00edch \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 t\u1eeb Carnegie Mellon nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u0169ng cung c\u1ea5p vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o gi\u1ea3ng vi\u00ean cho c\u00e1c gi\u00e1o s\u01b0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 k\u1ebf t\u1ee5c vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o n\u00e0y trong v\u00e0i n\u0103m v\u00e0 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y s\u1ebd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nhi\u1ec1u n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng t\u00e1c t\u1eeb c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda.”<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n v\u00e0o trong vi\u1ec7c tuy\u1ec3n l\u1ef1a sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cB\u1edfi v\u00ec ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn \u201cph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti v\u1eabn l\u00e0m l\u00e0 thu\u00ea nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p r\u1ed3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ecd sau v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea3i ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c v\u1eady. Cho d\u00f9 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 h\u1ecd \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 b\u1eb1ng c\u1ea5p nh\u01b0ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean v\u1ec1 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p “thu\u00ea r\u1ed3i th\u1ea3i\u201d cho n\u00ean t\u00f4i h\u1ecfi \u00f4ng \u1ea5y v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111ang t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm \u1edf c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n

\u00d4ng \u1ea5y b\u1ea3o t\u00f4i: \u201c\u1ee8ng c\u1eed vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i trung th\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. C\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng “tr\u01b0ng b\u1ea7y” tri th\u1ee9c n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 m\u00e1y t\u00ednh KH\u00d4NG nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c tin c\u1eady v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea9m ch\u1ea5t m\u1ecdi ng\u00e0y. B\u1ea1n KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m ng\u00f4i nh\u00e0 gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi r\u1eb1ng b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft ra v\u00e0i tr\u0103m d\u00f2ng m\u00e3 KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a g\u00ec trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1n m\u00e0 sinh vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 trao \u0111\u1ed5i trong t\u1ed5. Bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong C hay JAVA. H\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed; c\u1ea3 c\u00e1ch ti\u1ebfp c\u1eadn ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 gi\u1eef cho m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa ch\u00fang khi c\u00e1i g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00fang. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 nh\u01b0ng ng\u00e0y nay m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhi\u1ec1u r\u1ed3i. Trong khi \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n bi\u1ebft ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nh\u01b0 bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc n\u1eb1m d\u01b0\u1edbi ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef hay c\u00f4ng c\u1ee5 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 k\u1ec9 lu\u1eadt. Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean ng\u00e0y nay KH\u00d4NG mu\u1ed1n h\u1ecdc \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng, h\u1ecd mu\u1ed1n \u201cTh\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt nhanh\u201d v\u00e0 \u201cl\u1eddi khuy\u00ean nhanh\u201d khi h\u1ecd \u0111i v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 thu\u1eadt n\u00e0y s\u1ebd KH\u00d4Ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng.\u201d<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cH\u00e0ng tu\u1ea7n t\u00f4i \u0111\u1ec1u xem h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 l\u00ed l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf h\u1ea7u h\u1ebft h\u1ecd v\u00ec h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. Sinh vi\u00ean v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00e0n l\u00e2m t\u1ed1t b\u1ecb b\u00e1c b\u1ecf b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft r\u1ea5t gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n. Trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh cao n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1eafng vi\u1ec7c. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c thu\u00ea ai \u0111\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi “g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang” nh\u01b0ng c\u1ea7n th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ecfi nh\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c ngay l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chuy\u1ec3n giao trong th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn th\u1eadm ch\u00ed khi y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1eabn c\u00f2n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ho\u00e0n t\u1ea5t. Hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian cho ph\u00e9p ng\u01b0\u1eddi “g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00fang” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u201ch\u1ecdc\u201d. Ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ra ai \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi t\u1eadp k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00edch x\u00e1c, ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thu th\u1eadp y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 vi\u1ebft m\u00e3 trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng ngya l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c. Trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111i\u00ean kh\u00f9ng n\u00e0y, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i ph\u1ea3i thu\u00ea ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u thay v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc k\u0129 n\u0103ng trong v\u00e0i th\u00e1ng hay c\u1ea3 n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00e1c th\u00eam v\u00e0o: \u201cC\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u00ed do \u0111\u1ec3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p. \u0110\u00f4i khi ch\u00fang t\u00f4i c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0o ph\u00fat cu\u1ed1i th\u00e0nh ra \u00edt c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb. \u0110\u1ee7 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra, v\u00e0 khi l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn l\u00e0 m\u1ecfng do th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ea1nh tranh cao \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0m cho ch\u00fang t\u00f4i kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a n\u00e0o. D\u00f9 sinh vi\u00ean gi\u1ecfi t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 trong d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, ch\u00fang t\u00f4i \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n KH\u00d4NG th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chi ti\u00eau cho \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n x\u1ea1 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 n\u01a1i c\u1ea1nh tranh l\u00e0 m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9.”<\/p>\n

V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c h\u1ecd n\u00f3i cho t\u00f4i l\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u201cn\u00f3i d\u1ed1i\u201d trong l\u00ed l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. L\u00ed do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n l\u00e0 h\u1ecd tin n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9 cho gi\u1ecfi, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ecdc ch\u00fang trong v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n thay v\u00ec vi\u1ebft v\u00e0o trong l\u00ed l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh r\u1eb1ng h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201c\u0110i\u1ec1u th\u1ea5t v\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng trung th\u1ef1c l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 h\u1ecd tin \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng. M\u1ed9t khi h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thu\u00ea v\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3, h\u1ecd s\u1ebd b\u1ecb th\u1ea3i h\u1ed3i v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t tai h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ef1 t\u1ef1 tin c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ph\u00e1 hu\u1ef7 h\u1ecd. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng b\u1ecb l\u1eeba v\u1edfi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3u nh\u01b0 v\u1eady v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao \u201cPh\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d l\u00e0 thu\u00ea h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 h\u1ecd v\u00e0 \u0111u\u1ed5i h\u1ecd n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i h\u1ecfi h\u1ecd: \u201cV\u1eady c\u00e1c \u00f4ng t\u00ecm g\u00ec kh\u00e1c trong sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p?\u201d<\/p>\n

H\u1ecd chia s\u1ebb v\u1edbi t\u00f4i \u0111i\u1ec1u sau: \u201cK\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh trong C++, Java; ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed hay ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean khu\u00f4n kh\u1ed5 hay ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n jUnit trong Java, nUnit trong .NET); qui tr\u00ecnh d\u1ef1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng, theo k\u1ecbch \u0111o\u1ea1n hay h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n Ant n\u1ebfu ch\u00fang ta \u0111ang n\u00f3i t\u1edbi Java, nAnt trong .NET, hay Cruise Control, Draco etc.); tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, hay m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi qui tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n RUP, Agile, ISO, XP, Scrum v.v.); k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, UML, v\u00e0 m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh ho\u00e1 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v.v.); tri th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n (ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng k\u00edch c\u1ee1, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean, ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch, gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t v\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t v.v.) v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c trong t\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

what software industry needs<\/p>\n

Last week I met a group of senior managers of China\u2019s software companies when they visited Carnegie Mellon. We discussed about software industry in China and they told me that it is very difficult to find the right people with the right skills because university training is NOT consistent. Some universities do good jobs but others do not, overall they are all focusing on theories with little practices because most professors are academic trained with little experiences. Currently China has more than ten thousands software companies but most are small, from ten to fifty people and can not do business globally. One manager complained: \u201cWe want to compete with India but with the current archaic education system, we could not develop enough talent to build strong and larger companies that can compete globally. That is why we need to bring in new curriculum, new training programs from top foreign universities. That is the fastest solution rather than waiting for the education system to improve\u201d.<\/p>\n

Carnegie Mellon University and Chinese government has been collaborated to build a large training center in Wuxi called \u201c:iCarnegie\u201d to train about 8000 students a year based on CMU programs and the first group of students already enrolled last September. One senior manager told me: \u201cThat is a first step but 8000 students a year is NOT enough. We can not wait for another four years although we already signed agreement to hire all graduated students from iCarnegie. We need more training centers like that in more cities and that is the reason we are here\u201d.<\/p>\n

I told them: \u201cTraining program requires good students and good professors so you should not rush. You can NOT open more training centers, massively train several thousands people and expect quality outcomes. You must carefully select qualified students from top high schools because good inputs and good training programs will provide good outputs. For long term results, you must start correctly in the beginning by making sure that you have the right professors who provide the quality training and effectively support the students. A good program with poorly trained professors will NOT bring good results. Currently most of the trainings in Wuxi are conducted by professors from Carnegie Mellon but they also provided faculty training to Chinese professors to take over the training within few years and this program will require a lot of efforts and collaboration from both sides.<\/p>\n

The discussion moved into the recruiting of graduated students. One manager told me: \u201cBecause the qualification of students varies greatly the \u201ccommon method\u201d that many companies do is hiring many graduated students then evaluate them after few months, we keep the skilled people and fire the not-so competent people. Even they all have degrees but their skills are not good enough to work in the industry.\u201d<\/p>\n

I was very surprised about this method of \u201cHiring then firing\u201d so I asked him about what he is looking for in graduated students.<\/p>\n

He told me: \u201cCandidates must have the right skills and they must be honest about their skills. Being able to \u201cshow off\u201d some knowledge about computer does NOT necessary mean they can do reliable and quality work every day. You can NOT make a paper house and tell people that you can build houses. Knowing how to write few hundreds line of code does NOT mean anything in software industry. There are much more that students must have such as being able to work and communicate in a team. Know how to do quality work and understand what the software application is for and not just programming in C or JAVA. They must know testing methods; both formal and informal approaches and keeping things organized enough so managers can check their works and fix them when something is not correct. Few years ago most students could get programming job easily by knowing some programming languages but today things are different. While it is essential to know some languages but there are much more such as knowing the principles that underlie the specific language or tool and being a disciplined professional. Many students today do NOT want to learn the fundamental, they want \u201cQuick tricks\u201d and \u201cfast tips\u201d when they enter the industry, most of these tricks will NOT work\u201d.<\/p>\n

Another manager complained: \u201cEvery week I review resumes of graduated students and rejects most of them because they don\u2019t have the skills that we need for our works. Students with good academic record are rejected because they have very limited understanding of what industry need. In this highly competitive market, we have to compete with other countries to win work. We can NOT afford to hire someone who is \u201calmost right\u201d but need time to learn. The best people should be able to work immediately because many of our projects need to be delivered within a very short time even when requirements are still being finalized. Obviously the project has no time allowance for an \u201calmost right\u201d person to \u201clearn\u201d. We need to find someone with the exact skill-set who can gather requirements, design and code within few months immediately. In this crazy market, we have to hire people who have top skills instead of top people who could learn the skill in few months or a year.<\/p>\n

Another manager added: \u201cThere are many reasons for rejecting newly graduated students. Sometimes we get the contract at the last minute leaving us with little time to prepare. All sorts of unexpected things can happen, and when profits are slim due to highly competitive market it lead us with no choice. No matter how good the students will be in long-term, we simply can NOT afford the expense of short-term training. It is a reflection on the commercial reality of globalization where competition is everything.<\/p>\n

Another problem that they told me was many students \u201clying\u201d on their resumes. The simple reason is they believe if they do not know a particular technology well, they could learn them in few weeks instead of putting in their resume that they do not know that skill.<\/p>\n

One manager told me: \u201cThe most frustrating thing about people being dishonest is that they believe it can work. Once they are hired and do NOT have the skills, they will be fired and that is very devastating for their confidences and eventually destroy them. Employers that have been cheated by this problem know how to deal with people like that and that is why the \u201cCommon method\u201d is to hire them and evaluate them and fire them if they do not meet the skills needed.<\/p>\n

I asked them: \u201cSo what else are you looking for in graduated students?\u201d<\/p>\n

They shared with me the following: \u201cProgramming skills in C++, Java; Testing or unit testing based on a framework or methodology (for example jUnit in Java, nUnit in .NET); Formal, scripted or automated build process (for example Ant if we are talking Java, nAnt in .NET, or Cruise Control, Draco etc.); A knowledge of software architecture, or modeling and familiarity with software development process (for example RUP, Agile, ISO, XP, Scrum etc.); Basic requirements engineering and ability to work with customers (For example, Business analysis, Use Case, UML, and system modeling etc.); knowledge of project management (For example, planning, estimates size, resources, budgets, monitoring and controls etc.) and ability to communicate and work within a team.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tu\u1ea7n tr\u01b0\u1edbc t\u00f4i g\u1eb7p m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m Trung Qu\u1ed1c khi h\u1ecd t\u1edbi th\u0103m Carnegie Mellon. Ch\u00fang … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,15],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau","category-cong-nghe-thong-tin"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2967"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2967\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2968,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2967\/revisions\/2968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}