{"id":2957,"date":"2013-07-08T11:18:04","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T04:18:04","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2957"},"modified":"2013-07-08T11:18:04","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T04:18:04","slug":"kiem-thu-phan-mem-5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2957","title":{"rendered":"Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i v\u00e0 nay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p t\u00f4i. Anh ta n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, t\u00f4i ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i v\u1eabn t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed7i. T\u00f4i \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec sai v\u00e0 t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u1ecfi h\u01a1n?\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh ta: \u201cN\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m h\u1ebft s\u1ee9c m\u00ecnh th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec sai c\u1ea3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed gi\u1ecfi ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9. Ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra b\u1edfi c\u00e1c nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a cho b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 hay ch\u00fang v\u1eabn \u0111ang thay \u0111\u1ed5i khi b\u1ea1n ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tu\u1ef3 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed tr\u00edch ra th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00fang \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u1ecdi th\u00f4ng tin hay n\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean th\u00ec b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed t\u1ed1t. Cho n\u00ean \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 l\u1ed7i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n.<\/p>\n

Anh ta h\u1ecfi: \u201cL\u00e0m sao t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1eafc r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i KH\u00d4NG c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i n\u00e0o?\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh ta: “Kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9 cho n\u00ean bi\u1ebft c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1ed1t. Tri th\u1ee9c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u1edf b\u1ea5t k\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0o \u0111\u00e3 cho trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1edfi \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00e0o l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n v\u1eabn c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i, thay v\u00ec t\u1ea1o ra th\u00eam tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1ea1i, b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u201cT\u1ea1i sao\u201d n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 x\u1ea3y ra. Th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0o b\u1ea1n thi\u1ebfu, v\u00e0 t\u1ea1i sao b\u1ea1n b\u1ecf thi\u1ebfu n\u00f3? Thay v\u00ec \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 bao qu\u00e1t ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o c\u00e1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec v\u00e0 l\u00e0m sao b\u1ea1n ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed trong to\u00e0n d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u00e0 b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00e1c trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u1ea1n \u0111ang l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Anh ta n\u00f3i v\u1edbi t\u00f4i: \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng ph\u00e0n n\u00e0n: \u201cSao c\u1eadu kh\u00f4ng t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed7i n\u00e0y tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a ra?\u201d v\u00e0 t\u00f4i lo l\u1eafng r\u1eb1ng t\u00f4i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1eef \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i.\u201d<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i b\u1ea3o anh ta: \u201cD\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tr\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin r\u1eb1ng m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed l\u00e0 \u201clo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi l\u1ed7i\u201d trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. Th\u1ef1c t\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh s\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ebft l\u1ed7i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed gi\u1ecfi n\u00ean bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng vi\u1ebft c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c t\u00ednh n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng, v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p cho n\u00ean tr\u00e1ch ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft l\u1ed7i t\u1edbi t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u l\u00e0 KH\u00d4NG c\u00f4ng b\u1eb1ng. T\u00f4i th\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 h\u1ecfi t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi, \u201cSao ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf k\u00e9m th\u1ebf?\u201d hay \u201cSao m\u1ed9t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch t\u1ed3i th\u1ebf?\u201d Sao ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi \u201cNg\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh g\u00ec m\u00e0 d\u1eabn t\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c xen v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0o trong m\u00e3?\u201d v\u00e0 “Ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n c\u1ea3n l\u1ed7i t\u00e1i xu\u1ea5t trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai?\u201d T\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao kh\u00f4ng h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n v\u1ec1 t\u1ea1i sao h\u1ecd d\u1ed3n g\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng ‘ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng’ v\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00ean CH\u1ec8 M\u1ed6I ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

T\u00f4i tin c\u00f3 hai l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed b\u1ecb tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c v\u1ec1 l\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ea7m. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ecbnh sai l\u1ea7m m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed CH\u1ec8 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ra l\u1ed7i. Th\u1ee9 hai, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec ni\u1ec1m tin c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng \u00edt kinh nghi\u1ec7m hay m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u00ean l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed. Ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft r\u1eb1ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ecdi th\u1ee9, v\u00e0 n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00edch h\u1ee3p th\u00ec ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng b\u1ecf s\u00f3t l\u1ed7i s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

Theo \u00fd ki\u1ebfn t\u00f4i, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p \u201cTh\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 thu\u1ed9c t\u00ednh v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed\u201d cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kinh doanh tr\u1ecdng y\u1ebfu. B\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u1ee7i ro ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng trong m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 v\u1edbi mong \u0111\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi \u0111\u01b0a ra. N\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 l\u1ed7i m\u00e0 cao, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n hay cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed nh\u1eb1m gi\u1ea3m c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i c\u00f3 l\u1ed7i sau khi \u0111\u01b0a ra cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng. L\u1ed7i ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cung c\u1ea5p cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean kh\u00e1c trong t\u1ed5 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ra l\u1ec7nh “ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u0103n nguy\u00ean” hay c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ki\u1ec3m \u0111i\u1ec3m v\u00e0 gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n CH\u1ed6 l\u1ed7i xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n v\u00e0 s\u1eeda n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 cho n\u00f3 s\u1ebd KH\u00d4NG x\u1ea3y ra n\u1eefa. \u0110i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 \u201cX\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m\u201d thay v\u00ec \u201cKi\u1ec3m th\u1eed v\u00ec ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d b\u1edfi v\u00ec ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd ch\u1ee9ng minh vi\u1ec7c h\u1ebft l\u1ed7i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111i\u1ec1u nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng l\u1ed7i v\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft. V\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n kh\u00f4ng cho th\u1eddi gian th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00e1c cho n\u00ean h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t. Vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n k\u00e9m s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra l\u1ed7i v\u00e0 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 r\u1ed3i h\u1ecd tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi s\u1ef1 h\u00e0i l\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ch\u00fang ta ph\u1ea3i nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 qui tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1edbi cu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 x\u1ea3y ra t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u. Ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o ch\u1ed7 cu\u1ed1i r\u1ed3i tr\u00e1ch m\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ec3m th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

testing software<\/p>\n

A student who graduated last year and now working for a software company came to see me. He said: \u201cI work as software tester, I test everything very carefully but my customer still finds defects. What did I do wrong and what could I do to be a better tester?\u201d<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cIf you have done your best then maybe you did not do anything wrong. A good tester should know that it is impossible to test everything. Testing does not remove all defects and the fact is some of these defects may happen because of other factors. It is possible that the requirements given to you may be incomplete or they are still changing when you conduct your test. The ability to test software depends on the skills of the testers to extract the right information to build test cases. If you do not have all the information or if that information changes often then you may not be able to build good test cases. So it may not be your entire fault.<\/p>\n

He asked: \u201cHow can I make sure that I do NOT have any defects?\u201d<\/p>\n

I told him:\u201d It is impossible to test everything so knowing what could possibly be tested is a good start. Testing knowledge at any given point in a project is determined by what could be tested at that time. If you still have defect, instead of create more test case to ensure the defect doesn’t occur again, you must evaluate \u201cWhy\u201d it happened. What information were you missing, and why were you missing it? Instead of evaluating the test coverage you may need to look at your testing techniques. Evaluate what and how you are testing throughout the project, and you may ask others in your project to help you evaluate what you are doing.<\/p>\n

He told me: \u201cMy manager always complained: \u201cWhy didn\u2019t you find this defect before it was released?\u201d and I am worry that I may not be able to keep my job\u201d.<\/p>\n

I told him: \u201cIt is easy to blame tester for software problem. Many people believe that the purpose of testing is to \u201cremove all defects\u201d in software. The reality is testing can only prove the existing of defects but never prove the absence of defects. A good manager should know that testers do not work with customer to understand their needs, testers do not write requirements, testers do not architect the system, testers do not design the system\u2019s features, and testers do not develop the solution so blaming the tester without knowing where the defects come from is NOT fair. I often wonder why manager do not ask, \u201cWhy is this software designed so poorly\u201d, or \u201cwhy a function is so poorly planned?\u201d Why don\u2019t we ask \u201cwhat assumptions did the programmer make that lead to injecting problems into the code\u201d, and \u201cwhat can we do to prevent recurrent errors in the future?\u201d Why senior manager do not ask project managers on why they put the burden of \u2018quality\u2019 and the success of a software product SOLELY on testers.<\/p>\n

I believe there are two reasons why testers are blamed for software defect. First, people mistakenly assume the objective of testing is ONLY to find and fix defects. Second, testers are held accountable for things they have NO control over because of management belief that lesser experienced or newly graduates should work as testers. We know that it is impossible to test everything, and if the tester is inexperienced, do not receive adequate training then the potential to miss defects will increases significantly.<\/p>\n

In my opinion, the objective of software testing is to provide \u201cInformation about the attributes and capabilities of the software under test\u201d to people responsible for making critical business decisions. Because these information will allow them to understand the potential risks in relation to their expectations of the software prior to release. If the defect number is high, they may order more tests or allow more time for testing to reduce the chance of having defects after release to customer. Software defects provide the decision makers and other team members with information about the software so project manager may order \u201croot cause analysis\u201d or more software reviews and inspections to identify WHERE the defect come from and fix it so it will NOT happen again; It is important to \u201cBuild quality into software\u201d instead of \u201cTesting for quality\u201d because testing will never prove the absence of defects, there is no such thing as zero defects as it only exist in theories. The major problem is project managers do not give adequate time for other activities so they do not have time to do good jobs. Poorly done jobs will create defects and problems then they blame on software testers.<\/p>\n

To improve software and achieve customer satisfaction, we have to look at the entire process of software development from the beginning to the end to identify where problems happen. We can not only look at the end then blame testers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ed9t sinh vi\u00ean m\u1edbi t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i v\u00e0 nay l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1edbi g\u1eb7p t\u00f4i. Anh ta n\u00f3i: \u201cT\u00f4i … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[24,30,20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quan-li-du-an","category-hoi-va-dap","category-ki-nghe-phan-mem"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2957","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2957"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2957\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2958,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2957\/revisions\/2958"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2957"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2957"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2957"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}