{"id":2945,"date":"2013-07-08T10:42:56","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T03:42:56","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2945"},"modified":"2013-07-08T10:42:56","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T03:42:56","slug":"khoan-ngoai-toan-cau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2945","title":{"rendered":"Kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT m\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi $87 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m so v\u1edbi $2.6 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la d\u00e0nh cho Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 $1.1 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la cho Nga (d\u1eef li\u1ec7u 2009). Th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u01b0\u1edbc l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee1 $ 2 ngh\u00ecn t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1eb7c cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 l\u00ed do t\u1ea1i sao nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang \u0111i theo m\u00f4 h\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i v\u00e0o trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i n\u00e0y. L\u00ed do \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n: v\u00e0o kinh doanh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m nhi\u1ec1u, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p s\u1ea1ch, l\u1ee3i nhu\u1eadn cao, n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec1u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m v\u00e0 duy nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 l\u00e0 v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o t\u1ed1t.<\/span><\/p>\n

Theo Gartner, h\u00e3ng t\u01b0 v\u1ea5n chuy\u00ean v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin “ch\u00edn m\u01b0\u01a1i ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi giao d\u1ecbch kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i tr\u00ean th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng ng\u00e0y nay \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac quanh l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed. C\u1ee9 ba t\u1edbi b\u1ed1n n\u0103m, sau khi gi\u1ea3m m\u1ecdi chi ph\u00ed c\u00f3 th\u1ec3, c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ebd t\u00ecm v\u1ecb tr\u00ed m\u1edbi v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi v\u1edbi chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p tr\u01b0\u1edbc.” Tuy nhi\u00ean, chuy\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n mang r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn v\u1edbi kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u0103n ho\u00e1 v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed, nh\u01b0ng r\u1ee7i ro l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 tri th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p m\u1edbi. “N\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ecdi vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed.”<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y nay \u0110\u00f4ng \u00c2u l\u00e0 \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ednh cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti ch\u00e2u \u00c2u c\u1ea7n c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p. C\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u01b0 Ba Lan, Romania, Hungary r\u1ea5t n\u0103ng n\u1ed5 trong vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ebfm kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. Khi Bob Gett, CEO c\u1ee7a Optaros, m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf Boston quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i ra h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i, \u00f4ng \u1ea5y \u0111\u00e3 t\u1edbi th\u0103m b\u1ea9y n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng \u0111\u00e3 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ti \u1edf Bucharest, Romania. Gett th\u1ea5y s\u1ef1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a Romania b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t, d\u00e2n ch\u00fang d\u00f9ng \u0111a ng\u1eef, v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u t\u00e0i n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt. Giao t\u00e1c kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i gi\u00fap gi\u1ea3m chi ph\u00ed t\u1edbi 60% v\u00e0 cho ph\u00e9p Optaros \u0111\u01b0a ra gi\u00e1 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n cho kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Nga l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 then ch\u1ed1t kh\u00e1c cho kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i do h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c tuy\u1ec7t h\u1ea3o c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Trong khi c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c nh\u01b0ng h\u1ecd c\u00f3 c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u00e0 c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c r\u1ebb h\u01a1n nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c k\u0129 s\u01b0 h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u kinh nghi\u1ec7m, Nga ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c, \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean, \u0111ang bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t trung t\u00e2m l\u00ed t\u01b0\u1edfng cho kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i, v\u00ec s\u1ef1 g\u1ea7n g\u0169i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 v\u1edbi c\u1ea3 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f4ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi CNTT c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i l\u01b0u lo\u00e1t ti\u1ebfng Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c. \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean c\u0169ng l\u00e0 k\u1ebb c\u1ea1nh tranh v\u1edbi Bangalore, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t d\u1ec5 l\u00e0m kinh doanh. Ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ee3p l\u00ed ho\u00e1 m\u1ecdi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean. Theo ngu\u1ed3n tin ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7, c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p m\u1edf doanh nghi\u1ec7p trong v\u00f2ng hai ng\u00e0y khi so s\u00e1nh v\u1edbi s\u00e1u m\u01b0\u01a1i ng\u00e0y \u1edf Bangalore, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9. N\u0103m 2009, c\u00f3 ba ngh\u00ecn c\u00f4ng ti n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 hay t\u00e1i \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 v\u00e0o \u0110\u1ea1i Li\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh “Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t \u1edf Trung Qu\u1ed1c ” v\u1edbi ba tri\u1ec7u vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o ra trong ch\u01b0a t\u1edbi m\u1ed9t n\u0103m.<\/p>\n

Nam M\u0129 l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn kh\u00e1c b\u1edfi v\u00ec m\u00fai th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 v\u1edbi M\u0129 v\u00e0 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n m\u1ea1nh. Brazil l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1edbi v\u1edbi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m $ 300 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la n\u0103m ngo\u00e1i nh\u01b0ng \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh. C\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti b\u1ecb k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Brazil, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3ng h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 xa l\u1ed9 h\u1ea1ng nh\u1ea5t. V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i t\u1ed1t, h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c m\u1ea1nh n\u1eb1m trong nh\u1eefng y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t ngay c\u1ea3 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf Brazil c\u0169ng \u0111\u1eaft h\u01a1n \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 hay Trung Qu\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00e2u Phi c\u00f3 l\u1ebd l\u00e0 k\u1ebb m\u1edbi t\u1edbi nh\u1ea5t. V\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00e2u Phi b\u00e2y gi\u1edd \u0111ang thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u00e0 s\u1eb5n s\u00e0ng cho kinh doanh kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i. H\u1ecd c\u00f3 l\u1ebd c\u00f3 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t cho vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m kinh doanh v\u00ec c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi \u00edt ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Tuy nhi\u00ean gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd v\u1eabn c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. M\u1ed9t m\u00ecnh chi ph\u00ed s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 then ch\u1ed1t th\u00eam n\u1eefa.<\/p>\n

Trong khi c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i \u0111ang t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh v\u00e0 c\u1ea1nh tranh \u1edf m\u1ecdi n\u01a1i, b\u1ee9c tranh n\u00e0y kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed1t v\u1eady cho Philippines. V\u00e0i n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc, Philippines chi\u1ebfm ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u1ee7a th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng do \u01b0u th\u1ebf ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef nh\u01b0ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1eadm ch\u1ea1p thay \u0111\u1ed5i, l\u00e0m cho l\u1ef1c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1ecb l\u1ea1c h\u1eadu c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7. Ng\u00e0y nay nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ti \u0111ang b\u1ecf Philippines khi h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd ch\u1ea5m d\u1ee9t v\u00e0 \u0111i t\u00ecm nh\u1eefng ch\u1ed7 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. \u0110a s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn l\u00e0 b\u00e0n tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap v\u00e0 h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1eadu v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng. Thay v\u00ec c\u1ea1nh tranh ch\u1ec9 v\u1edbi \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9, b\u00e2y gi\u1edd c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n Philippines ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ea7u v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Global Outsourcing<\/p>\n

Today India still remains as an IT outsourcing powerhouse, with $87 billion in software exports compare with $2.6 billion for China and $1.1 billion for Russia (2009 data). The outsourcing market estimated at $ 2 trillion dollars are still growing despite the global economy crisis. That is why many countries are following India’s model to enter into this outsourcing market. The simple reasons: It does not cost much to enter this business, it is a clean industry, highly profitable, it creates a lot of jobs and the only investment is good education and training.<\/p>\n

According to Gartner, a consulting firm specializes in Information technology “Ninety percent of all outsourcing deals in the market today have been structured around skilled workforce and cost reduction. Every three to four year, after reducing all the costs possible, companies will find new location and new suppliers with lower costs than previous one”. However, moving software to new lower cost countries is a big risk with language and cultural differences and geopolitical instability, but the biggest risk is the knowledge and skills of newer suppliers. “If they don’t have experience and don’t do it well, it can negate all cost reductions,”<\/p>\n

Today Eastern Europe is the major destination for many European companies who need high skilled workers and lower costs. Countries like Poland, Romania, Hungary are very aggressive in getting outsourcing business. When Bob Gett, CEO of Optaros, a company in Boston decided to outsource overseas, he visited seven countries and finally settled on a company in Bucharest, Romania. Gett found Romania attractive because of its good education system, multilingual population, and abundance of technical talent. The outsourcing deal helps reduces costs by 60% and allows Optaros to offer better prices to its customers.<\/p>\n

Russia is another key place for outsourcing due mainly to its excellent education system. While their software workers are more expensive than India or China but they have the skills that other countries do not have. Indian and China are cheaper but there is limitation on what they can do. If company needs top scientists, top engineers with lot of experience, Russia is the place.<\/p>\n

In China, Dalian, is turning out to be an ideal center for outsourcing, because of its closeness to both Korea and Japan has a large number of IT people who can speak fluently Japanese and Korean. Dalian is also a competitor to Bangalore, India because it has skilled software workforce, lower costs and especially easy to do business. Local government has streamlined all paper works for foreign companies invested in Dalian. According to government source, foreign company can get permission to open business in Dalian within two days as compare to sixty five days in Bangalore, India. In 2009, there were three thousand foreign companies invested or relocated to Dalian making this city “The fastest growing city in China” with three million software jobs created in less than one year.<\/p>\n

South America is another attractive option because the time zones are similar to U.S and the infrastructure is strong. Brazil is a newcomer with $ 300 million software export last year but it is growing fast. Companies are drawn to Brazil’s modern infrastructure, with airports and highways that are first class. Good transportation, strong education systems are among the key factors even software workers in Brazil cost more than India or China.<\/p>\n

Africa is probably the newest comer. Several countries in Africa are now set up their infrastructures and ready for outsourcing business. They probably have the lowest cost of doing business as their software workers are willing to work for much less. However their education systems still need a lot of improvement before they can really compete. Cost alone will not be a key factor anymore.<\/p>\n

While outsourcing industry is growing fast and competitive is everywhere, the picture isn’t so good for the Philippines. Few years ago, It had a major piece of the market due to the language advantage but its education systems slowness to change, making its workforce technological obsolete. Today many companies are leaving the Philippines when their contracts end for better places and better skilled workers. The major works remain are mostly back-office help desks and supports. Instead of competing with just India, now Philippines workers have to go up against workers all over the world that have better education and better skills.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ng\u00e0y nay \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 kho\u00e1n ngo\u00e0i CNTT m\u1ea1nh, v\u1edbi $87 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m so v\u1edbi $2.6 t\u1ec9 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2945","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2945","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2945"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2945\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2946,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2945\/revisions\/2946"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2945"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2945"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2945"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}