{"id":2943,"date":"2013-07-08T10:40:41","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T03:40:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2943"},"modified":"2013-07-08T10:40:41","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T03:40:41","slug":"nghe-phan-mem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2943","title":{"rendered":"Ngh\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec sau khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn. Sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng:<\/span><\/p>\n

1) K\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u hay Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5: Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 v\u00e0i n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u s\u00e2u n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u1ec1 tri th\u1ee9c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n nhu c\u1ea7u nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng. K\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00f9ng, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n, v\u00e0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft ra r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c hi\u1ec3u b\u1edfi c\u1ea3 hai ph\u00eda. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n t\u1edbi trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng v\u00e0 th\u1ea5t b\u1ea1i. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, n\u00f3 c\u0169ng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t nh\u01b0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y, k\u0129 n\u0103ng vi\u1ebft, k\u0129 n\u0103ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

2) L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt hay ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m, c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt chuy\u00ean s\u00e2u nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng mu\u1ed1n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cao; n\u00f3 th\u01b0\u1eddng bao g\u1ed3m vi\u1ec7c ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh then ch\u1ed1t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi s\u1ebd kh\u1edbp v\u00e0o trong ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i hi\u1ec3u c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng, ra quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u1ec1 c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n kh\u00e1c nhau m\u00e0 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea7n cho h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi, c\u00e1ch kh\u1edbp c\u00e1c c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y v\u00e0o trong k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u n\u1ec1n hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3, v\u00e0 theo tr\u1eadt t\u1ef1 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n t\u1eebng c\u1ea5u ph\u1ea7n. Ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn di\u1ec7n c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 v\u00e0 r\u1ee7i ro c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 chi ph\u00ed v\u00e0 tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y ch\u00fang cho c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ea5p thu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

3) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n: Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt qua kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn l\u00ean v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch, t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng m\u00e1y t\u00ednh m\u1edbi hay ngh\u0129 ra c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n c\u00f3 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ee5. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m thu\u00ea nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean, l\u1eadp l\u1ecbch bi\u1ec3u, v\u00e0 gi\u1eef d\u1ea5u v\u1ebft c\u1ee7a ti\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9 qua m\u1ecdi pha ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ecbu tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1edbi c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00f3, v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u1eebng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c theo ph\u00e2n c\u00f4ng cho ri\u00eang m\u00ecnh. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng n\u00e0y n\u1ebfu ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 hi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c m\u00e0 m\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi” c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 “ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a k\u0129 thu\u1eadt” \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng b\u1edfi v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u1edbi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u0129 thu\u1eadt v\u00e0 phi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u1edf m\u1ecdi m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n ph\u1ea3i qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed t\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m mong mu\u1ed1n \u0111\u00fang th\u1eddi gian.<\/p>\n

4) Ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed: Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1i th\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i l\u00ean l\u00e0 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed. C\u00f3 v\u00e0i ki\u1ec3u ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed, ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p trung h\u1ed9i t\u1ee5 v\u00e0o c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c chi\u1ebfn thu\u1eadt qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed c\u1ea5p cao nh\u01b0 Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c th\u00f4ng tin (CIO) hay Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh (CEO), ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed to\u00e0n c\u00f4ng ti. V\u1ecb tr\u00ed n\u00e0y ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m kinh nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti c\u1ea7n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi hi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 l\u00e0m cho n\u00f3 t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m n\u00e0y y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o th\u00eam, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t v\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5, t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o b\u1edfi v\u00ec c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tu\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 quan tr\u1ecdng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0a ra \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1 ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng quan tr\u1ecdng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng k\u0129 thu\u1eadt, t\u00f4i tin r\u1eb1ng k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, d\u00f9 b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh hay ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch c\u00f4ng ti. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi trao \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ed1t. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean k\u0129 n\u0103ng trao \u0111\u1ed5i c\u1ea7n nhi\u1ec1u th\u1eddi gian h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1edfi v\u00ec n\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ea3 kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u1edf n\u00ean hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Ng\u00e0y nay, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u k\u0129 thu\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m cho n\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u quan tr\u1ecdng l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 s\u01b0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m hi\u1ec3u nhu c\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 v\u1edbi h\u1ecd qua vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng \u201cng\u00f4n ng\u1eef th\u00f4ng t\u1ee5c.\u201d M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi k\u0129 thu\u1eadt kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec3u nghi\u1ec7p v\u1ee5 m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng th\u00edch n\u00f3i v\u1edbi kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng cho n\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o k\u0129 thu\u1eadt ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng “ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef k\u0129 thu\u1eadt\u201d m\u00e0 h\u1ecd hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5. H\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch trao \u0111\u1ed5i, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 thu l\u1ea5y tri th\u1ee9c l\u00e0 k\u0129 n\u0103ng b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng d\u1ea1y. Trao \u0111\u1ed5i kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 n\u00f3i m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 v\u1ec1 nghe, hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch m\u1ecdi s\u1ef1 theo c\u00e1ch r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u00eca kho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 th\u0103ng ti\u1ebfn trong ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n trong b\u1ea5t k\u00ec c\u00f4ng ti n\u00e0o l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed bi\u1ebft b\u1ea1n bi\u1ebft g\u00ec. B\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ee9 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh m\u00e3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1edfi v\u00ec b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi, h\u1ecdc nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 \u0111i l\u00ean. B\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1ch tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi m\u00e0 c\u1ea5p qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1ecfi, gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 khi ch\u00fang x\u1ea3y ra, ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m m\u1edbi trong d\u1ef1 \u00e1n m\u1edbi, v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ea3m \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ecb tr\u00ed l\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i chia s\u1ebb \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. B\u1eb1ng d\u1ef1 \u1ee9ng thay v\u00ec ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111i xa b\u1edfi v\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t gi\u1eefa “ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh kh\u00e1c” hay l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u cho vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ea1t.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c nh\u01b0ng c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e1ng th\u01b0\u1edfng, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh vi\u1ec7c ch\u00fang l\u00e0 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1ea3 l\u01b0\u01a1ng r\u1ea5t cao \u2013 Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c kh\u00e1c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh nh\u1ea5t\u00a0 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. N\u00f3 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf qui m\u00f4 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf, theo nhi\u1ec1u nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u, tr\u00ean 40% ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m s\u1ebd du h\u00e0nh tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m t\u1edbi v\u00ec nhu c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t cao tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 b\u1ea1n c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i ng\u1eef.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1i g\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m sau v\u00e0i n\u0103m l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh, c\u00e2u tr\u1ea3 l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a t\u00f4i l\u00e0 \u0111i ra kh\u1ecfi vi\u1ec7c l\u1eadp tr\u00ecnh v\u00e0o c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c k\u0129 thu\u1eadt cao c\u1ea5p hay c\u00e1c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng doanh nghi\u1ec7p nh\u01b0 ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac s\u01b0 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng hay ng\u01b0\u1eddi qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed d\u1ef1 \u00e1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u th\u1eddi gian v\u00e0 n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea7n b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0ng t\u00f4i tin b\u1ea3n l\u1ed9 tr\u00ecnh ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m g\u00ec.<\/p>\n

Trong cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi chuy\u00ean m\u00f4n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, xin \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00ean r\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 nh\u00e0 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i bi\u1ebft c\u00e1ch c\u00e2n b\u1eb1ng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c b\u1edfi v\u00ec cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 l\u00e0m ti\u1ec1n m\u00e0 b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1edb r\u1eb1ng \u201cTh\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t b\u1ea1n l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 chuy\u00ean nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m t\u1edbi sau\u201d cho n\u00ean c\u1ea7n t\u1eadn h\u01b0\u1edfng cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a b\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 tr\u00e1ch nhi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n m\u00ecnh, gia \u0111\u00ecnh m\u00ecnh, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

A Software Career<\/p>\n

Many students have asked me what they could do after working as software developers for many years. There are many career paths that experienced developer can select. Following are some:<\/p>\n

1) Requirements engineer or Business Analysts: Developer who has few years of technical experience, and a certain depth of technical knowledge could work as requirements engineer to identify business needs of users. Requirement engineer works with customers, users, project managers, and systems architects to ensure that the requirements are clearly written and understood by both sides. This job is a fast growing occupation that is needed in the software industry because it can make the difference between success and failure. Beside technical skills, it also requires good communication skills such as presentation skill, writing skill, negotiation skills and customer relationship skill<\/p>\n

2) Technical Lead or Architect: Experienced developers who have advanced technical skills but do not want to work with customers could work as system architect. This position is highly technical; it often involves making key decisions on how the new system will fit into the organization’s overall architecture. The architects must understand customers\u2019 requirements, make decisions about how to decompose these requirements into different components that will be required for the new system, how to fit these components into the existing infrastructure, and in what order to implement each component. The architect must identify issues and risks as well as the cost factor and present them to management for approval.<\/p>\n

3) Project Manager: Experienced developers who possess technical skills through work experience can advance into project manager position. The project manager is someone who plan, organize and manage new computer systems or devise ways to apply existing systems to additional operations. This job is often responsible for hiring the staff, setting the schedule, and keeping track of the progress through every phase of development. This person is also responsible for assigning the work, dealing with everyday problems affecting that work, and making sure each programmer is working on his own assignment. The project manager can best carry out this function if he truly understands the work he is managing. The project manager must both be a “people person” as well as a “technical person” in order to succeed because he must work with technical and non-technical staff at every level of the organization. Additionally, the project manager has to manage his team effectively to produce the desired product on time.<\/p>\n

4) Manager: The ultimate job for many project managers looking to move up is to become the manager. There are several types of manager, the middle manager who focus on managing daily tactical work and the senior manager such as Chief Information Officer (CIO) or Chief Executive Officer (CEO) who manage the company. This position is best suited for very experienced person with many years of work experience because companies want people who understand the business and how to apply technology to make it better. This job requires additional training, especially in business, finance and leadership because being able to follow directions is important, but being able to make your own judgments is equally important.<\/p>\n

Beside technical skills, I believe that communication skills are very important for all software people, whether you are a programmer or a president of the company. Everyone should learn to be a better communicator. Of course communication skills take much longer to develop because it requires both experience and training to become effective. Today, most customers do not understand technical to describe their requirements to software developers so it is important that software requirement engineer understand their needs by discussing thing with them using \u201cRegular language\u201d. On the other hand, many technical people do not understand the business that they must implement in the project because many do not like to talk with customers so system architect or technical lead must explain these requirements using \u201cTechnical language\u201d that they understand well. Learning to communicate, and having the patience to gain knowledge is an essential skill that many software people do not have and many schools do not teach. Communication is not about talking but also listening, understanding and be able to explain thing in a clear and concise manner.<\/p>\n

The key to advance your career in any company is to let management know what you know. You can not stay as programmer for ever because you like to code, you must develop new skills, learning new things and moving up. You must learn how to answer questions that management ask, solve problems when they happen, accept new responsibilities in new projects, and do not hesitate to assume leadership position and do not reluctant to share a better idea. By being pro-active rather than reactive, you could go far because it is the difference between being “just another programmer” or being the top person for a promotion.<\/p>\n

Software jobs is very challenging but also very rewarding, beside they are very high paying jobs \u2013 Most software people make more money than other fields and it is the fastest growing occupations globally. It also have more chance to work internationally, according to several studies, over 40% of software people will travel to work oversea in the next ten years as the demand is very high globally. Of course, to do that you also need to have foreign language skill.<\/p>\n

To answer your question on what to do after several years working as programmer, my answer is to move out of programming into more advanced technical areas or business-oriented positions such as systems architect or project manager. Of course it requires time and efforts on your part but I believe this career roadmap can help you to decide what to do.<\/p>\n

During your professional life, please do not forget that as a professional you must know how to balance your life and work because life is not about working and make money but you have to remember that \u201cYou are a person first and a software professional later\u201d so enjoy your life as a person who has responsible for yourself, your family, your society, and your country.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nhi\u1ec1u sinh vi\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecfi t\u00f4i h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m g\u00ec sau khi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m trong nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m. C\u00f3 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[18,30],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2943","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-loi-khuyen-cho-sinh-vien","category-hoi-va-dap"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2943","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2943"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2943\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2944,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2943\/revisions\/2944"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2943"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2943"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2943"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}