{"id":2941,"date":"2013-07-08T10:39:25","date_gmt":"2013-07-08T03:39:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2941"},"modified":"2013-07-08T10:39:25","modified_gmt":"2013-07-08T03:39:25","slug":"chay-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/?p=2941","title":{"rendered":"Ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o” k\u00e9o t\u1edbi. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng di c\u01b0 sang n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c v\u00ec c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n, v\u00e0 l\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129, 78 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ecfng v\u1ea5n tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u n\u00f3i h\u1ecd s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng sang b\u1ea5t k\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0o v\u00ec vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. G\u1ea7n 47 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m n\u00f3i h\u1ecd s\u1ebd r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc qu\u00ea h\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0o b\u1ea5t k\u00ec l\u00fac n\u00e0o v\u00e0 ba trong n\u0103m ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u00f3i h\u1ecd s\u1ebd l\u00e0m nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u00e3i m\u00e3i. Nhi\u1ec1u n\u0103m tr\u01b0\u1edbc trong qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9, s\u1ed1 c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao di c\u01b0 sang M\u0129 v\u00e0 ch\u00e2u \u00c2u \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn b\u1edfi l\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0ng \u0111i\u1ec1u g\u00ec x\u1ea3y ra cho c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00e0 nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y b\u1ecf l\u1ea1i sau? Theo m\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 M\u0129, vi\u1ec7c \u201cch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o\u201d \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y ra nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf l\u1edbn cho nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 h\u1ecd tin r\u1eb1ng c\u1ea1nh tranh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i h\u1ecd. G\u1ea7n 63 ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 vi\u1ec7c di c\u01b0 c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u00e0 tin r\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd KH\u00d4NG “l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ee7” \u0111\u1ec3 d\u1eebng lu\u1ed3ng ch\u1ea3y n\u00e0y. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t lu\u1ed3ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi KH\u00d4NG ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 \u01b0u ti\u00ean cho nhi\u1ec1u ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 v\u00ec h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 quan tr\u1ecdng v\u00e0 kh\u1ea9n thi\u1ebft kh\u00e1c. Trong ng\u1eafn h\u1ea1n, thay v\u00ec b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cho ph\u00e9p \u0111i m\u00e0 gi\u1eef h\u1ecd v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t cho h\u1ecd, l\u00e0 ph\u00ed ho\u00e0i t\u00e0i n\u0103ng c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. C\u00f3 \u00edch l\u1ee3i khi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi di d\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m ra nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1n h\u01a1n, h\u1ecd c\u00f3 khuynh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eedi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 gi\u00fap gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 lu\u1ed3ng ti\u1ec1n n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng. Tuy nhi\u00ean, v\u1ec1 d\u00e0i h\u1ea1n, s\u1ebd kh\u00f3 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf b\u1edfi v\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 doanh nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi, n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ed3i th\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 tr\u00ec tr\u1ec7 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 lan tr\u00e0n.<\/p>\n

Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y, \u0110\u00e0i Loan, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 New Zealand b\u00e0y t\u1ecf m\u1ed1i quan t\u00e2m nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ‘ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o’ l\u00ean n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd n\u1ea3y sinh t\u1eeb vi\u1ec7c nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng r\u1eddi b\u1ecf n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ec3 sang l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Ireland, Philippines, Nh\u1eadt B\u1ea3n, v\u00e0 H\u00e0n Qu\u1ed1c quan t\u00e2m \u00edt nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 n\u00e0y. Trong nh\u1eefng c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng xem x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i, M\u0129, Anh v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u01b0a chu\u1ed9ng h\u01a1n b\u1edfi v\u00ec h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ki\u1ebfm l\u01b0\u01a1ng cao h\u01a1n v\u00e0 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ecd. Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u n\u00e0y c\u0169ng th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea1t t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao, c\u00e0ng s\u1eb5n l\u00f2ng \u0111i h\u01a1n cho d\u00f9 m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda trong s\u1ed1 h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o” \u0111e do\u1ea1 l\u00e0m t\u0103ng ngh\u00e8o n\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111e do\u1ea1 c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n. D\u1eef li\u1ec7u ch\u1ec9 ra r\u1eb1ng \u1edf ch\u00e2u Phi v\u00e0 Trung M\u0129, h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda c\u00e1c sinh vi\u00ean t\u1ed1t nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc di c\u01b0 sang c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng h\u1eadu qu\u1ea3 nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng cho c\u00e1c khu v\u1ef1c gay c\u1ea5n nh\u01b0 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c, y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 k\u0129 ngh\u1ec7. Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, k\u0129 s\u01b0 v\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u0103m s\u00f3c s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u1eb7c d\u1ea7u h\u1ecd \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 nhi\u1ec1u v\u00e0o gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 r\u1ed3i m\u1ea5t ng\u01b0\u1eddi cho n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh hi\u1ec7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n cho nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u1edf ngay n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. V\u1edbi h\u1ecd, di c\u01b0 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm vi\u1ec7c m\u1edbi \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c c\u00f2n d\u1ec5 h\u01a1n \u0111\u1ee3i vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m \u1edf ch\u00ednh n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. Ngay c\u1ea3 v\u1edbi cu\u1ed9c kh\u1ee7ng kho\u1ea3ng n\u00e0y, nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n v\u1eabn c\u00f2n m\u1edf c\u1eeda cho c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t. M\u0129 c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh visa H1B cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 t\u00e0i v\u00e0 trong ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00e0i tu\u1ea7n, v\u00e0i ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ea5p k\u00edn h\u1ea1n ng\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p. Anh v\u00e0 T\u00e2y \u00c2u c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c cao v\u00e0o v\u00e0 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y b\u1ecb kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf b\u1edfi lu\u1eadt cung c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f3 thay \u0111\u1ed5i trong th\u1ecb tr\u01b0\u1eddng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m. N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1ec1 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3, n\u00f3 s\u1ebd cho ph\u00e9p nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u1ee3p ph\u00e1p. V\u00ec M\u0129 c\u00f3 nhu c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 l\u00ed, n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n cho m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y di c\u01b0 t\u1edbi l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c \u1edf M\u0129. Trong m\u01b0\u1eddi n\u0103m qua, \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Philippine l\u00e0 hai nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y cho M\u0129. Theo nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u m\u1edbi, 10 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m h\u00e0ng \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ea7n t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ngo\u1ea1i l\u00e0:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 V\u1eadn h\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Chuy\u00ean vi\u00ean m\u00e1y t\u00ednh<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 th\u00f4ng tin<\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B\u00e1c s\u0129 d\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u0129<\/p>\n

7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Y t\u00e1 v\u00e0 h\u1ed9 l\u00ed d\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng<\/p>\n

9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 K\u0129 thu\u1eadt vi\u00ean ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m d\u01b0\u1ee3c<\/p>\n

10.\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0C\u00e1n b\u1ed9 k\u1ebf to\u00e1n & t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh<\/p>\n

Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c g\u1ee3i \u00fd r\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n n\u00ean l\u00e0m cho nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o cao \u1edf l\u1ea1i b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c cung c\u1ea5p \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u00f9 lao t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n. T\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean g\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u00e0y b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch l\u00e0 “t\u1ed1t tr\u00ean gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.\u201d G\u1ee3i \u00fd kh\u00e1c l\u00e0 thay th\u1ebf ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng cao v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 nhanh h\u01a1n vi\u1ec7c ra \u0111i c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd b\u1eb1ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u00e1o d\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01a1n. G\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u00e0y d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u h\u00e0n l\u00e2m v\u00e0 c\u0169ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 tr\u00edch l\u00e0 \u201ckh\u00f4ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, v\u00ec m\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd \u0111i t\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u00ec ch\u1ed7 n\u00e0o h\u1ecd c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.\u201d Tuy nhi\u00ean, g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c: S\u1ef1 quay v\u1ec1 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0i n\u0103ng. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p x\u1ea3y ra ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 v\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c khi kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n, ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t trong khu v\u1ef1c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m. G\u1ea7n 30% c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ti ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m \u1edf \u1ea4n \u0110\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp hay \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed b\u1edfi nh\u1eefng t\u00e0i n\u0103ng ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 t\u1eeb h\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i. Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u0169ng b\u00e1o c\u00e1o r\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m tr\u1edf v\u1ec1 trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua \u0111\u00e3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 s\u1ed1 k\u0129 s\u01b0 ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m r\u1eddi kh\u1ecfi n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ch\u00fang ta hi v\u1ecdng r\u1eb1ng xu h\u01b0\u1edbng n\u00e0y s\u1ebd s\u1edbm x\u1ea3y ra \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

—-English version—-<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Blog193-Brain drain<\/p>\n

With globalization comes \u201cBrain-drain\u201d phenomenon. In a financial crisis situation, many skilled workers migrate to another country for better opportunity, better jobs, and better salaries. According to a recent U.S government study, 78 percent of skilled workers interviewed worldwide said they would be willing to relocate to any country for better jobs. Nearly 47 percent said they would leave their home country at any time and three in five said they would do so permanently. In the past several years, number of highly skilled workers immigrated to the U.S and Europe increased significantly, many attracted by better salaries and work environment.<\/p>\n

But what happens to countries where these skilled workers leave behind? According to another U.S Government study, the \u201cBrain drain\u201d had caused significant economic problems for many developing countries and they believed that the global competition hurt them. Nearly 63 percent of local companies express concern about the migration of skilled workers to developed countries and believe that their governments are NOT \u201cdoing enough\u201d to stop this flow. Of course, controlling the flow of skilled people around the world is NOT a priority for many governments as they have to deal with so many other important and urgent issues. In the short term, by allowing people to go rather than keep them and not having good jobs for them, is a waste of their talents. There is a benefit as these migrating people are making more money, they tend to send some back to support their families and this flow of money could help the local economy. However, in the long term, it would be difficult to grow the economy because there are not enough skilled workers to run new business. Without new businesses, the economy can not improve then unemployment and stagnation could run rampant.<\/p>\n

According to the study, Taiwan, India and New Zealand express the most concern about the impact of \u2018brain drain\u2019 on their economies resulting from skilled people leaving their country to work in another country. On the other hand, China, Ireland, Philippines, Japan, and S, Korea are least concerned about the issue. Among skilled workers considering foreign opportunities, the U.S., UK and Western Europe are the preferred destinations because they could make better salaries and better life than their own country. The study also found that the higher the level of educational attainment, the greater the willingness to move even half of them will have to learn new language.<\/p>\n

The United Nation study found that the \u201cbrain drain\u201d phenomenon threatens development of poor and developing countries. The data shows that in Africa and Central America, more than half of all university graduates migrate to developed countries, with potentially serious consequences for critical sectors such as education, health and engineering. Without teachers, engineers and healthcare people, these countries will not be able to improve although they had invested heavily on the education and training of their people and lost them to others.<\/p>\n

The current financial crisis has created a difficult situation for many skilled workers in their own country. It would be easier for them to migrate and find new jobs in another country than waiting for jobs in their own country. Even with the crisis, many developed countries are still opening doors for highly skilled workers via special programs. The U.S have the H1B visa program for talents people and within a matter of weeks, several thousand skilled workers completely fill up the allocated quota. England and Western Europe also have similar programs to make it easier for highly educated people to enter and work in their countries.\u00a0 Of course, all of this is dictated by the law of supply and demand and there will continue to be changes in job markets. If a country has a need for certain skills, it will allow more people with that skill to enter legally. As the U.S has high demand for software engineer and nurse, it has made it easier for people around the world with these skills to migrate to work in the U.S. In the past ten years, India and the Philippine are the two main suppliers of these skills to the U.S.\u00a0 According to the new study, the top 10 jobs that need foreign talent are:<\/p>\n

1.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Manufacturing skilled workers<\/p>\n

2.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Software Engineers<\/p>\n

3.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Production Operators<\/p>\n

4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Computer Specialists<\/p>\n

5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Information Technology Staff<\/p>\n

6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Medical Doctors<\/p>\n

7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Nurse and Medical Assistants<\/p>\n

8.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Customer Service Representatives<\/p>\n

9.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Medical Lab Technicians<\/p>\n

10.\u00a0 Accounting & Finance Staff<\/p>\n

The United Nations suggested that developing countries make it worthwhile for highly-trained people to stay by providing better working conditions and better compensation. Of course this suggestion is criticized by many people as \u201cgood in paper but not practical\u201d. Another suggestion is to replace highly skilled people at a rate faster than their departure by improving the education systems to train more people. This suggestion is based on an academic study and also being criticized as \u201cnot practical, as people will go to wherever they can for better opportunities\u201d. However, recently there is another phenomenon: The return of talent. This is the case that happens mostly in India and China as their economies improved, more and more skilled people are returning, especially in the software area. Almost 30% of software companies in India are founded or managed by returning software talents from oversea. China also reported that the number of returning software engineer in the past five years have exceeded the number of software engineer leaving the country. Let\u2019s hope that this trend will happen in other developing countries soon.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u1edbi to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ho\u00e1 hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng “ch\u1ea3y n\u00e3o” k\u00e9o t\u1edbi. Trong t\u00ecnh hu\u1ed1ng kh\u1ee7ng ho\u1ea3ng t\u00e0i ch\u00ednh, nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng di c\u01b0 … <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,31],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2941","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-xu-huong-toan-cau","category-cac-van-de-khac"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2941","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=2941"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2941\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2942,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2941\/revisions\/2942"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=2941"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=2941"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/science-technology.vn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=2941"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}